Orchis militaris

Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Orchis militaris']

• English: Military orchid
• مصرى: ميليتار الاورشيس
• беларуская: Ятрышнік шлеманосны
• български: Шлемовиден салеп
• буряад: Сэгрэм
• català: Orquídia militar
• čeština: vstavač vojenský
• Cymraeg: Tegeirian y milwr
• dansk: Ridder-Gøgeurt
• Deutsch: Helm-Knabenkraut
• eesti: Hall käpp
• suomi: soikkokämmekkä
• français: Orchis guerrier
• hornjoserbsce: Nahłownicojta pihawka
• magyar: Vitézkosbor
• italiano: Orchide militare
• қазақша: Телпек сүйсін
• Lëtzebuergesch: Zaldote-Bouwekraut
• lietuvių: Šalmuotoji gegužraibė
• latviešu: Bruņcepuru dzegužpuķ
• Nederlands: Soldaatje
• norsk nynorsk: Johannesnøklar
• polski: Storczyk kukawka
• русский: Ятрышник шлемоносный
• slovenčina: Vstavač vojenský
• slovenščina: čeladasta kukavica
• svenska: Johannesnycklar
• українська: Зозулинець шоломоносний
• 中文: 四裂红门兰}}, 四裂红门兰
• 中文（中国大陆）: 四裂红门兰
• 中文（简体）: 四裂红门兰
• 中文（臺灣）: 四裂紅門蘭

APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: Angiosperms • Cladus: monocots • Ordo: Asparagales • Familia: Orchidaceae • Subfamilia: Orchidoideae • Tribus: Orchideae • Subtribus: Orchidinae • Genus: Orchis • Species: Orchis militaris L. (1753)

Synonyms

Homotypic synonyms Orchis tephrosanthos var. militaris (L.) Loisel., Fl. Gall.: 265 (1806) Heterotypic synonyms Orchis rivini Gouan, Ill. Observ. Bot.: 74 (1773) Orchis cinerea Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 241 (1789) Orchis galeata Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 593 (1798) Orchis mimusops Thuill., Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 458 (1799) Zoophora atropurpurea Bernh., Syst. Verz.: 311 (1800) Zoophora rubella Bernh., Syst. Verz.: 311 (1800) Orchis nervata Marchand, Bijdr. Natuurk. Wetensch. 2: 436 (1827) Orchis militaris var. nervata (Marchand) Tinant, Fl. Luxemb.: 438 (1836) Orchis militaris f. stenoloba Döll, Fl. Bad.: 399 (1857) Orchis militaris f. arenaria Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 639 (1866) Orchis militaris f. longibracteata Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 639 (1866) Orchis rivini var. albiflora Thielens, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 12: 70 (1874) Orchis rivini var. stenoloba Marchal, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 266 (1874) Orchis militaris f. angustiloba Leimbach in H.Potonié, Ill. Fl., ed. 3: 140 (1887) Orchis rivini f. angustiloba Leimbach in H.Potonié, Ill. Fl., ed. 3: 141 (1887) Orchis rivini f. vulgaris Leimbach in H.Potonié, Ill. Fl., ed. 3: 141 (1887) Orchis militaris f. intercedens Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 200 (1890) Orchis militaris var. perplexa Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 200 (1890) Orchis militaris var. tripartita M.Schulze, Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f., 17: 43 (1902) Orchis militaris var. spathulata Cortesi, Ann. Bot. (Rome) 1: 169 (1903) Orchis militaris var. berdaui Zapal., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 202 (1906) Orchis militaris f. angustissima W.Zimm., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 23: 6 (1917) Orchis militaris f. platyloba W.Zimm., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 23: 7 (1917) Orchis militaris f. acuminata A.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus, Iconogr. Orchid. Europe: t. 29 (1921) Orchis militaris f. sibirica Schltr. in G.Keller & al., Monogr. Iconogr. Orchid. Eur. 1: 220 (1926) Orchis militaris var. tenuifrons P.D.Sell in P.D.Sell & G.Murrell, Fl. Great Britain & Ireland 5: 365 (1996)

Type species

Species

Natural habitats

• 
  Orchis militaris
  Austria -
  Nationalpark Donau-Auen
• 
  Bad Pirawarth, Lower Austria
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Offendorf
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Gambsheim
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  Orchis militaris
  France - Roppenheim
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Dalhunden
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Roßberg
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Hohenlohe
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Tauberland
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Tauberland
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  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Schwäbisch-Fränkischer Wald
  Background:
  Dactylorhiza majalis
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Forchheim (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Lilienthal (Kaiserstuhl)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Lilienthal (Kaiserstuhl)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Zeutern
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Karlsruhe/Rappenwört

Images of the whole plant

• 
  Orchis militaris, Neottia ovata, Platanthera spec.
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Thuringia, Germany
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Fort-Louis
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Michaelsberg (bei Untergrombach)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Ungeheuerklamm, Untergrombach
• 
  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Estonia
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Estonia, Ohtu
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Leutra
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  Orchis militaris
  Lithuania
• 
  A Busa (Solsonès - Catalunya)
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  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Austria - near Wels
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Bodensee (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Nationalpark Donau-Auen, Vienna
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Bodensee (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Forchheim (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Forchheim (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Lithuania
• 
  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - NSG Springenhalde, Ersingen
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Ungeheuerklamm, Untergrombach
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  Orchis militaris
  France - Beinheim
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Ungeheuerklamm, Untergrombach
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Plittersdorf
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Iffezheim, Staustufe
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  Orchis militaris
  France - Neuhaeusel
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Neuhaeusel
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  Orchis militaris
  France - Neuhaeusel
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Ungeheuerklamm, Untergrombach
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Ungeheuerklamm, Untergrombach
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Mosbach (Baden)
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Donzdorf
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  Orchis militaris
  France - Offendorf
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  Orchis militaris
  France - Offendorf
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  Orchis militaris
  France - Offendorf
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Ichenheim, Sauscholle
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Untergrombach
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Untergrombach
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Untergrombach
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Karlsruhe
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Rottenburg am Neckar
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Dettenheim

Inflorescences

• 
  between Vienna and Orth, Austria
• 
  Nationalpark Donau-Auen, Vienna
• 
  Nationalpark Donau-Auen, Vienna
• 
  Bad Pirawarth, Lower Austria
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Estonia
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Italy - Dolomites
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Lithuania
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Estonia - Niitvälja
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  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Switzerland - Erlinsbach
  Canton of Aargau
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Saarland
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Thuringia
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  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Thuringia, Germany
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Thuringia, Germany
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Thuringia, Germany
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Thuringia, Germany
• 
  Orchis militaris (pale)
  Thuringia, Germany
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Forchheim (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Bodensee (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Forchheim (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Fort-Louis
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Fort-Louis
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Fort-Louis
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Fort-Louis
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Roppenheim
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Roppenheim
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Dalhunden
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Dalhunden
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Karlsruhe/Rappenwört
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Iffezheim, Staustufe
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Ungeheuerklamm, Untergrombach
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  Orchis militaris
  France - Offendorf
• 
  near Gruibingen, Germany  
• 
  near Horb, Germany
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Untergrombach
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Karlsruhe
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    Oberer Leimberg near Gruibingen, Germany
• 

Flowers

• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Wurmlingen
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Vercors
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Bodensee
  (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Austria - near Wels
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Thuringia
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Blaubeuren
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Bodensee (bei Karlsruhe)
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Bodensee (bei Karlsruhe)
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  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Lithuania
• 
  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Saarland
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Hohenlohe
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Taubergießen
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  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Bodensee (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Fort-Louis
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Karlsruhe/Rappenwört
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Roppenheim
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Plittersdorf
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  Orchis militaris
  France - Neuhaeusel
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Neuhaeusel
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Neuhaeusel

Buds

• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Karlsruhe/Rappenwört
• 
  Orchis militaris
  France - Neuhaeusel
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - NSG Schnödhof
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Austria - Burgstall
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Bodensee
  (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany - Bodensee
  (bei Karlsruhe)
• 
  Orchis militaris
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Germany

Botanical illustrations

• 
  Orchis militaris
  plate in:
  Koehlers Medizinal-Pflanzen in naturgetreuen Abbildungen....
  Gera (1883-1914)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  plate 1322 in:
  Flora Batava
  (Orchidaceae),
  vol. 17,
  (1885)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  Vojaška kúkavica
  plate 456 in:
  Martin Cilenšek:
  Naše škodljive rastline
  (Orchidaceae)
  Celovec (1892)
• 
  Orchis militaris
  plate 45 in:
  Henry Correvon:
  Album des orchidées de l'Europe centrale et septentrionale
  Genève (1899)
• 

  Orchis militaris
  Tafel 14 in:
  Walter Müller:
  Abbildungen der in Deutschland und den angrenzenden Gebieten vorkommenden Grundformen der Orchideenarten
  Berlin (1904)

• 
  Orchis militaris
  plate 402 in:
  C.A.M Lindman:
  Bilder ur Nordens Flora
  (Orchidaceae)
  (1917-1927)

Subspecies - Varietas - Forma

• Orchis militaris var. alba

• 
  Orchis militaris var. alba
  plant
  Germany - Saarland
• 
  Orchis militaris var. alba
  inflorescence
• 
  Orchis militaris var. alba
  inflorescence
  Germany - Tauberland
• 
  Orchis militaris var. alba
  inflorescence
  Germany - Tauberland
• 
  Orchis militaris var. alba
  flowers
  Germany - Saarland
• 
  Orchis militaris var. alba
  Germany - Zeutern
• 
  Orchis militaris var. alba
  France - Offendorf
• 
  Orchis militaris var. alba
  France - Stattmatten

Nothospecies Orchis militaris

• 

  Orchis × beyrichii

• 

  Orchis × hybrida

• 

  Orchis × spuria

Native distribution areas

Reference: Brummitt, R.K. (2001) TDGW - World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Great Britain, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe France, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Regional: Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia. 'Regional: Middle Asia' Kazakhstan. Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey. Regional: China Xinjiang. Regional: Mongolia Mongolia.

Selected Weblinks

Wikispecies has an entry on: Orchis militaris.

• Kew Gardens 'World Checklist' link : Orchis militaris