Manuel Piñeiro

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Manuel Piñeiro Losada (Matanzas, Cuba, March 14, 1933 - Havana, March 11, 1998), known as Barbarroja (Spanish: "red beard"), was a Cuban political and military figure, a leading character of the Cuban Revolution, as the first head of Fidel Castro's security apparatus (known as Dirección General de Inteligencia (DGI): General Intelligence Directorate). By supporting armed struggle in Latin America, the DGI would try to help the expansion of radical leftist guerrilla groups in the subcontinent.

Piñeiro was the Cuban DGI chief from 1961-1964. He then became Deputy Minister of the Interior in charge of the state security apparatus from 1964-1968. A Soviet reorganization of the DGI forced Piñeiro out of his position and he was then placed in charge of the DGI's Latin American affairs division.

Early beginnings

Piñeiro participated in student protests or demonstrations against the 10 March 1952 coup d'état, which brought to power dictator Fulgencio Batista.

In September 1953, his relatively prosperous family (he was the son of a Bacardí executive) sent him to study business management at Columbia University in New York, to take him away from the political turmoil of the time. While studying in the US, he began to oppose the social, racial and political discrimination that he saw prevailed in those years in the United States and felt the need to return to Cuba.

He returned to his hometown in 1955, where he was one of the founders of the July 26 Movement. Soon after his comeback, Piñeiro was shortly arrested by Batista's security agencies because of his subversive or underground political activities. After his release, he continued his clandestine activities in Havana, but when he realized that he was being pursued by the police, decided that it was better to leave for the Eastern Sierra Maestra, and join the guerrilla columns headed by Fidel Castro.

Role in the Cuban Revolution

In March 1958, he was recognized for his merits and was personally chosen by Fidel Castro as an officer to integrate the recently created Eastern Front II "Frank País", under the command of Fidel's younger brother, Raúl.

While being in this battlefront, he had several meetings with members of the regular (Batistas's) Cuban Army. On this front is involved in several meetings with members of the Army. Subsequently he was appointed Chief of Personnel and Inspection, that included the Intelligence Service and the recently created Policía Rebelde(predecessor of Castro's Revolutionary Police)

During the fighting for the taking of Santiago de Cuba, he was promoted to Commander of the Cuban Revolution. After the triumph of the Revolution he was appointed "Chief of the Military Plaza" in Santiago de Cuba, the second largest city in the country.

It is at this time that his face is caught by photographic cameras for the first time, showing his red beard and revealing the reason of the nickname given to him by the rebel troops.

He was then transferred to Havana, where he served various functions in the creation of the intelligence agencies and security of the new Castro regime.

On June 6 1961, he was appointed Deputy Minister of the Interior and head of the so-called Technical Viceministerio, the body that would be later responsible for gathering intelligence and developing policies, in order to try to expand communism in Latin America.

In 1965 he was appointed member of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party, a post he held until 1997.

That same year, he received in Havana the visit of Markus Wolf, director of the Eastern German secret police (the Stasi). Wolf, whose real identity would only be known to the Western intelligence services in 1979, had gone to Cuba to advise the Communist regime on how to set-up the new General Intelligence Directorate on the island.

In early 1975, Piñeiro started to be the head of the "Americas" (Latin American) Department of the Cuban Communist Party Central Committee.

Since 1997, he resigned to all his active positions within the Cuban regime and started to write and edit books and studies dedicated to a restrospective analysis of the Cuban Revolution.

Sudden death

On March 11, 1998, after receiving a tribute for the 40 years of the creation of the Eastern Front, he had a car accident while driving to his house and crashed into a tree, losing his life. {{DEFAULTSORT:Pineiro, Manuel}} [[Category:1934 births]] [[Category:1998 deaths]] [[Category:Road accident deaths in Cuba]] [[Category:Cuban spies]] [[es:Manuel Piñeiro]] [[tr:Manuel Piñeiro]]