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How do childhood intelligence and early psychosocial adversity influence income attainment among adult extremely low birth weight survivors? A test of the cognitive reserve hypothesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2017

Kathleen G. Dobson Open the ORCID record for Kathleen G. Dobson [Opens in a new window] ,
Mark A. Ferro ,
Michael H. Boyle ,
Louis A. Schmidt ,
Saroj Saigal  and
Ryan J. Van Lieshout
Kathleen G. Dobson*
Affiliation:
McMaster University University of Toronto
Mark A. Ferro
Affiliation:
University of Waterloo
Michael H. Boyle
Affiliation:
McMaster University
Louis A. Schmidt
Affiliation:
McMaster University
Saroj Saigal
Affiliation:
McMaster University
Ryan J. Van Lieshout
Affiliation:
McMaster University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Kathleen G. Dobson, Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Hospital Hamilton, West 5th Campus, Room C142, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3K7, Canada; E-mail: kathleen.dobson@mail.utoronto.ca.
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Abstract

Perinatal and later postnatal adversities have been shown to adversely affect socioeconomic trajectories, while enhanced early cognitive abilities improve them. However, little is known about the combined influence of these exposures on social mobility. In this study, we examined if childhood IQ moderated the association between four different types of postnatal adversity (childhood socioeconomic disadvantage, childhood sexual abuse, lifetime psychiatric disorder, and trait neuroticism) and annual earnings at 30–35 years of age in a sample of 88 extremely low birth weight survivors. Our results suggested that higher childhood IQ was associated with greater personal income at age 30–35. Extremely low birth weight survivors who did not face psychological adversities and who had higher childhood IQ reported higher income in adulthood. However, those who faced psychological adversity and had higher childhood IQ generally reported lower income in adulthood. Our findings suggest that cognitive reserve may not protect preterm survivors against the complex web of risk factors affecting their later socioeconomic attainment.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , October 2018 , pp. 1421 - 1434
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

We thank the participants and families for participating in the study and Kimberly Day for her help with data preparation. This research was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team Grant 103145. The authors have no conflict of interest.

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