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Line 1: {{for\|other people called William Payne\|William Payne (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2019}} '''William Payne''' (March 4, 1760 – August 1830) was an English painter and [[etcher]] who invented the tint [[Payne's grey]].▼ {{no footnotes\|date=January 2019}} ~~__NOTOC__~~ ==Life and Work==▼ [[File:Hovel near Yalmton, Devon.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Hovel near Yalmton, [[Devon]]]]▼ Payne, who is supposed to have been a native of [[Devonshire]],<ref>Payne's earliest recorded place of residence was in London in 1776, but this may have been an "in-between" address, rather than proof that he was born in the capital (Long, pp. 4-5).</ref> held an appointment in the engineers' department at [[Plymouth Dockyard]], and resided at Plymouth Dock (now Devonport) till 1790, when he came to [[London]], and took up residence in Thornhaugh Street, [[Bedford Square]]. [[File:William Payne, by William Payne.jpg\|thumb\|Self portrait (circa 1820)]] He was already known as a landscape-painter, having exhibited at the [[Society of Artists\|Incorporated Society of Artists]] in 1776, and at the [[Royal Academy]] since 1786. Some of his views of slate quarries at [[Plympton]] had been praised by his fellow-countryman, Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]], the president of the Royal Academy; and others, drawn in 1788 and 1789, were engraved for Samuel Middiman's 'Select Views in Great Britain' (1784-92). [[File:Upon the Yealm Devon, by William Payne.jpg\|alt=Bridge over the Yealm near Plymouth Devon 1791 by William Payne\|thumb\|Upon the Yealm Devon 1791 by William Payne]] ▲'''William Payne''' (~~March~~[[Exeter]] 4, March 1760 – August 1830 [[London]]) was an English painter and [[etcher]] who invented the tint [[Payne's grey]]. ▲==Life and ~~Work~~work== Payne painted in [[watercolours]] and [[oil painting\|oils]], and was also an etcher.<ref>Long, p. 11.</ref> He hit upon certain methods which considerably increased the resources of watercolour art, especially in the rendering of sunlight and atmosphere. His 'style,' as it was called, was one which was not only new and effective, but could be learnt without much difficulty, and he soon became the most fashionable drawing-master in London. ▼ ▲[[File:Hovel near Yalmton, Devon.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Hovel near Yalmton, [[Devon]]]] ▲Payne ~~painted in [[watercolours]] and [[oil painting\|oils]], and was also an etcher.<ref>Long, p. 11.</ref> He~~ hit upon certain methods which considerably increased the resources of watercolour art, especially in the rendering of sunlight and atmosphere. His 'style,' as it was called, was one which was not only new and effective, but could be learnt without much difficulty, and he soon became the most fashionable drawing-master in London. Among the innovations with which he is credited were "splitting the brush to give forms of foliage, dragging the tints to give texture to his foregrounds, and taking out the forms of lights by wetting the surface and rubbing with bread and rag". He also abandoned the use of outline with the pen, but the invention by which he is best known is a neutral tint composed of indigo, raw sienna, and lake called [[Payne's grey]]. His methods were regarded as tricky by the old-fashioned practicians of the day. but there is no doubt that he did much to advance the technique of watercolour painting, and was one of the first 'draughtsmen' to abandon mere [[topography]] for a more poetical treatment of landscape scenery.▼ ▲Among the innovations with which he is credited were "splitting the brush to give forms of foliage, dragging the tints to give texture to his foregrounds, and taking out the forms of lights by wetting the surface and rubbing with bread and rag". He also abandoned the use of outline with the pen, but the invention by which he is best known is a neutral tint composed of indigo, raw sienna, and lake called [[Payne's grey]]. His methods were regarded as tricky by the old-fashioned ~~practicians~~practitioners of the day. but there is no doubt that he did much to advance the technique of watercolour painting, and was one of the first 'draughtsmen' to abandon mere [[topography]] for a more poetical treatment of landscape scenery. In 1809 he was elected an associate of the [[Royal Watercolour Society\|Watercolour Society]], but left it after the reform of the original society in 1812. During the four years of his connection with the society he sent seventeen drawings to their exhibitions. By this time his art had degenerated into mannerism. He was surpassed by better artists, and forgotten before he died in London in 1830.▼ ▲In 1809 he was elected an associate of the [[Royal Watercolour Society\|Watercolour Society]], but left it after the reform of the original society in 1812. During the four years of his connection with the society he sent seventeen drawings to their exhibitions. By this time his art had ~~degenerated~~changed ~~into~~to [[mannerism]]. He ~~was surpassed by better artists, and forgotten before he~~ died in London in 1830. ==References== <!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --> {{Reflist\|30em}} ==Sources== ~~{{reflist}}~~ {{DNB\|wstitle=Payne, William (fl.1800)\|volume=44}} ==Further reading== Long, Basil S. ''[~~http~~https://~~www.~~archive.org/details/williampaynewate00longuoft William Payne, water-colour painter working 1776-1830]'' (London, Walker's Galleries, 1922).▼ Hunt, Peter. ''Payne’s Devon'' (Exeter: Devon Books, 1986). ▼ ▲Long, Basil S. ''[http://www.archive.org/details/williampaynewate00longuoft William Payne, water-colour painter working 1776-1830]'' (London, Walker's Galleries, 1922). ▲Hunt, Peter. ''Payne’s Devon'' (Exeter: Devon Books, 1986). Japes, David. ''William Payne: A Plymouth Experience'' (Exeter: Royal Albert Memorial Museum, 1992). ==External links== {{~~commonscat~~commons category\|William Payne}} [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/payne_william.html William Payne online] (ArtCyclopedia) [http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ArtistWorks?cgroupid=999999961&artistid=2225&page=1 W. Payne at the Tate] ([[Tate Gallery]]) Line 33 ⟶ 36: *[http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5318400 Landscape with trees] (Christie's) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Payne, William}}▼ ▲{{DEFAULTSORT:Payne, William}} [[Category:English landscape painters]] [[Category:English watercolourists]] ~~[[Category:Landscape artists]]~~ [[Category:English etchers]] [[Category:1760 births]]