Peléan eruption: Difference between revisions

[[Image:Pelean Eruption-numbers.svg|thumb|right|250px|Peléan eruption: 1 [[Volcanic ash|Ash]] plume, 2 Volcanic ash fall, 3 [[Lava dome]], 4 [[Volcanic bomb]], 5 [[Pyroclastic flow]], 6 Layers of [[lava]] and ash, 7 [[Stratum]], 8 Magma conduit, 9 [[Magma chamber]], 10 [[Dike (geology)|Dike]]]]
'''Peléan eruptions''' are a type of [[types of volcanic eruptions|volcanic eruption]]. They can occur when [[viscous]] [[magma]], typically of [[rhyolite|rhyolitic]] or [[andesite|andesitic]] type, is involved, and share some similarities with [[Vulcanian Eruptioneruption|Vulcanian eruptions]]. The most important characteristic of a '''Peléan eruption''' is the presence of a glowing avalanche of hot [[volcanic ash]], called a [[pyroclastic flow]]. Formation of [[lava dome]]s is another characteristical featurecharacteristic. Short flows of ash or creation of [[pumice]] cones may be observed as well.

The initial phases of eruption are characterized by [[pyroclastic flow]]s. The [[tephra]] deposits have lower volume and range than the corresponding [[Plinian Eruptioneruption|Plinian]] and Vulcanian eruptions. The viscous magma then forms a steep-sided dome or [[lava spine|volcanic spine]] in the volcano's vent. The dome may later collapse, resulting in flows of ash and hot blocks. The eruption cycle is usually completed in a few years, but in some cases may continue for decades, like in the case of [[Santiaguito]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/kinds/kinds.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-01-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110183352/http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/kinds/kinds.html |archivedate=2006-01-10 }}</ref>

The [[1902 explosioneruption of [[Mount Pelée]] ([[Volcanic Explosivity Index|VEI]]-4) is the first described case of a Peléan eruption,; andthe gaveterm itis itsderived from the name of the volcano.

Some otherOther examples includeof thePeléan followingeruptions include:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp13/question2960.html |title=Is a Pelean Eruption the Same as a Plinian Eruption? |accessdate=2006-01-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901081755/http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp13/question2960.html |archivedate=2006-09-01 }}</ref>

* the 1948-19511948–1951 eruption of [[Hibok-Hibok]]; (VEI-3)<ref>{{cite gvp|name=Camiguin: Eruptive History|vtab=Eruptions|vn=271080|access-date=2021-07-16}}</ref>

* the [[1951 eruption of [[Mount Lamington]], which remains the most detailed observation of this kind; (VEI-4)<ref>{{cite gvp|name=Lamington: Eruptive History|vtab=Eruptions|vn=253010|access-date=2021-07-16}}</ref>

[[Category:VolcanicPeléan eruptioneruptions| types]]