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{{Pp|small=yes}}
{{Hungarian name|Hunyadi János}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August
{{Infobox royalty
| native name =
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| birth_place =
| death_date = 11 August {{death year and age|1456|1406}}
| death_place = [[Zimony]],
| place of burial = [[St. Michael's Cathedral, Alba Iulia|St. Michael's Catholic Cathedral]], [[Gyulafehérvár]],
| signature = Signature of János Hunyadi.jpg
}}
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'''John Hunyadi''' ({{Lang-hu|Hunyadi János}}; {{Lang-ro|Ioan de Hunedoara}}; {{Lang-hr|Janko Hunjadi}}; {{Lang-sr|Сибињанин Јанко|Sibinjanin Janko}}; {{circa|1406}} – 11 August 1456) was a leading [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] military and political figure during the 15th century, who served as [[Regent of Hungary|regent]] of the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Kingdom of Hungary]] from 1446 to 1453, under the minor [[Ladislaus the Posthumous|Ladislaus V]].
According to most contemporary sources, he was the member of a [[Nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary|noble family]] of [[Principality of Wallachia|Wallachian]] [[Hunyadi family|ancestry]]. Through his struggles against the [[Ottoman Empire]], he earned for himself the nickname "Turk-buster" from his contemporaries. Due to his merits, he quickly received substantial land grants. By the time of his death, he was the owner of immense land areas, totaling approximately four million cadastral acres, which had no precedent before or after in the Kingdom of Hungary. His enormous wealth
Hunyadi mastered his military skills on the southern borderlands of the Kingdom of Hungary that were exposed to Ottoman attacks. Appointed [[Banate of Severin|Ban of Szörény]] in 1439, appointed [[Voivode of Transylvania]], [[Count of the Székelys|Counts of the Székelys]] and Chief Captain of Nándorfehérvár (now [[Belgrade]]) in 1441 and [[ispán|head]] of a several of southern [[County (Kingdom of Hungary)|counties]] of the Kingdom of Hungary, he assumed responsibility for the defense of the frontiers. He adopted the [[Hussite]] [[Laager|method of using wagons for military purposes]]. He employed professional soldiers, but also mobilized local peasantry against invaders. These innovations contributed to his earliest successes against the Ottoman troops who were plundering the southern [[marches]] in the early 1440s
In 1442, Hunyadi won four victories against the Ottomans, two of which were decisive.{{sfn|Jefferson|2012|p=278}} In March 1442, Hunyadi defeated Mezid Bey and the raiding Ottoman army at the [[Battle of Hermannstadt|Battle of Szeben]] in the south part of the Kingdom of Hungary in [[Transylvania]].{{sfn|Jefferson|2012|p=278–286}} In September 1442, Hunyadi defeated a large Ottoman army of [[Beylerbey]] [[Hadım Şehabeddin|Şehabeddin]], the Provincial Governor of [[Rumelia]]. This was the first time that a European army defeated such a large Ottoman force, composed not only of raiders, but of the provincial cavalry led by their own [[Sanjak-bey|sanjak beys]] (governors) and accompanied by the formidable [[Janissary|janissaries]].{{sfn|Jefferson|2012|p=286–292}} Although defeated in the [[battle of Varna]] in 1444 and in the [[Battle of Kosovo (1448)|second battle of Kosovo]] in 1448, his successful "[[Long campaign|Long Campaign]]" across the [[Balkan Mountains]] in 1443–44 and [[Siege of Belgrade (1456)|defence of Belgrade]] (Nándorfehérvár) in 1456, against troops led personally by the [[Ottoman Sultan|sultan]], established his reputation as a great general. The pope ordered that European churches ring their bells at noon to gather the faithful in prayer for those who were fighting. The bells of [[Christendom|Christian]] churches are rung at noon to commemorate the Belgrade victory.
John Hunyadi was also an eminent statesman. He actively took part in the civil war between the partisans of [[Władysław III of Poland|Wladislas I]] and the minor Ladislaus V, two claimants to the throne of Hungary in the early 1440s, on behalf of the former. Popular among the lesser nobility, the [[Diet of Hungary]] appointed him, in 1445, as one of the seven "[[Captain in Chief|Captains in Chief]]" responsible for the administration of state affairs until Ladislaus V (by that time unanimously accepted as king) came of age. The next Diet went even further, electing Hunyadi as sole [[regent]] with the title of governor. When he resigned from this office in 1452, the sovereign awarded him with the first hereditary title ''([[perpetual ispán|perpetual count]] of Beszterce/Bistrița'') in the Kingdom of Hungary. He had by this time become one of the wealthiest landowners in the kingdom, and preserved his influence in the Diet up until his death.▼
▲John Hunyadi was also an eminent statesman. He actively took part in the civil war between the partisans of [[Władysław III of Poland|Wladislas I]] and the minor Ladislaus V, two claimants to the throne of Hungary in the early 1440s, on behalf of the former.
This ''[[Athleta Christi]]'' (Christ's Champion), as [[Pope Pius II]] referred to him, died some three weeks after his triumph at [[Belgrade]], falling to an epidemic that had broken out in the [[Crusades|crusader]] camp. However, his victories over the Turks prevented them from invading the Kingdom of Hungary for more than 60 years. His fame was a decisive factor in the election of his son, [[Matthias Corvinus]], as king by the Diet of 1457. Hunyadi is a popular historical figure among [[Hungarians]], [[Romanians]], [[Serbs]], [[Bulgarians]] and other nations of the region.
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The crusaders' victory over the Sultan who had conquered Constantinople generated enthusiasm throughout Europe.{{Sfn|Mureşanu|2001|p=199}} Processions to celebrate Hunyadi's triumph were made in Venice and [[Oxford]].{{Sfn|Mureşanu|2001|p=199}} However, in the crusaders' camp unrest was growing, because the peasants denied that the barons had played any role in the victory.{{Sfn|Engel|2001|p=296}}{{Sfn|Teke|1980|p=217}} In order to avoid an open rebellion, Hunyadi and Capistrano disbanded the crusaders' army.{{Sfn|Engel|2001|p=296}}{{Sfn|Teke|1980|p=217}}
Meanwhile, a plague had broken out and killed many people in the crusaders' camp.{{Sfn|Engel|2001|p=296}} Hunyadi was also taken ill and died near Zimony (present-day [[Zemun]], Serbia) on 11 August.{{Sfn|Cartledge|2011|p=60}}{{Sfn|Mureşanu|2001|p=199}} He was buried in the Roman Catholic [[St. Michael's Cathedral, Alba Iulia|St. Michael's Cathedral]] in Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia).{{Sfn|Mureşanu|2001|p=200}}
{{Blockquote|[Hunyadi] ''governed the country with an iron rod, as they say, and while the king was away he was regarded as his equal. After routing the Turks at Belgrade [...], he survived for a brief time before dying of disease. When he was ill, they say that he forbade the [[Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist|Body of Our Lord]] to be brought to him, declaring that it was unworthy for a king to enter the house of a servant. Although his strength was failing, he ordered himself to be carried out to church, where he made his [[Sacrament of Penance (Catholic Church)|confession in Christian way]], received the divine [[Eucharist in the Catholic Church|Eucharist]], and surrendered his soul to God in the arms of the priests. Fortunate soul to have arrived in Heaven as both herald and author of the heroic action at Belgrade.''|[[Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini]]: ''Europe''<ref>''Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini: Europe'' (ch. 1.10.), p. 60.</ref>}}
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[[Category:Medieval Transylvanian people]]
[[Category:15th-century deaths from plague (disease)]]
[[Category:Burials at St. Michael's Cathedral, Alba Iulia]]
[[Category:Hungarian Roman Catholics]]
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