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{{Redirect|Crusty||Krusty (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|Music genre}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox music genre
| name = Crust punk
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}}
'''Crust punk''' (also known as '''stenchcore'''
Crust is partly defined by its "[[bass guitar|bassy]]" and "[[Distortion (music)|dirty]]" sound. It is often played at a fast [[tempo]] with occasional slow sections. Vocals are usually raspy screams, but can also be grunted/growled. Crust punk takes cues from the [[anarcho-punk]] of [[Crass]] and [[Discharge (band)|Discharge]]<ref name="Rise of Crust"/> and the [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] of bands like [[Venom (band)|Venom]], [[Trouble (band)|Trouble]], [[Hellhammer]], [[Celtic Frost]], [[Black Sabbath]] and [[Motörhead]].<ref name="Rise of Crust"/><ref name=day/> While the term was first associated with [[Hellbastard]], [[Amebix]] have been described as the originators of the style, along with [[Discharge (band)|Discharge]] and [[Antisect]].<ref name="Rise of Crust"/>
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=== 1980s ===
[[File:Antisect Finland 2011.jpg|thumb|Pioneering English crust punk band [[Antisect]] performing in Finland in 2011]]
Crust was founded by the bands [[Amebix]]<ref name=swedish>Peter Jandreus, ''The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977-1987'', Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. 11.</ref><ref name="Amebix">{{cite web|url=http://www.thegauntlet.com/article/1225/11817/.html |title=The Gauntlet |publisher=The Gauntlet |date=29 February 2008 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref> and [[Antisect]].<ref name="Rise of Crust"/> The term "crust" was coined by [[Hellbastard]] on their 1986 ''Ripper Crust'' demo.<ref name="Rise of Crust"/> In his book ''Trapped in a Scene'', punk historian Ian Glasper said "''Rippercrust'' is widely regarded as the first time the word 'crust' was used in the punk context, and hence the specific starting point of the whole crust punk genre, although some would attribute that accolade to the likes of [[Disorder (band)|Disorder]], [[Chaos UK]], and Amebix several years earlier.<ref name=Glasper /> In the same book, he quoted the group's vocalist and guitarist Malcolm "Scruff" Lewty "A lot of people say we started the crust punk genre, but whatever. If they wanna say that, I don't mind, but I'm certainly no [[Malcolm McLaren]], saying I invented something I didn't."<ref name=Glasper /> However, in ''Sober Living for the Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics'', author Gabriel Kuhn Punk stated that the name of the genre came from the "crusty" appearance of the genre's practitioning bands.<ref name="Kuhn">{{cite book |last1=Kuhn |first1=Gabriel |title=Sober Living for the Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/soberlivingforre00kuhn |url-access=registration |date=2010 |publisher=PM Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/soberlivingforre00kuhn/page/n16 16]|isbn=9781604860511 }}</ref> journalist Felix von Havoc contends that [[Doom (UK band)|Doom]], Excrement of War, [[Electro Hippies]] and [[Extreme Noise Terror]] were among the first bands to have the traditional UK "crust" sound.<ref name="Rise of Crust"/> Additional subgenres of this style began to develop. [[Deviated Instinct]], from Norwich, created "stenchcore", bringing "both the look and sound — dirty and metallic, respectively — to their natural conclusion".<ref>Glasper 2009, 284</ref> Initially an anarcho-punk group, they began to take increasing influence from metal. As vocalist Julian "Leggo" Kilsby comments "We were very much a part of the anarcho scene, to start with, very politically motivated... all the way through the band's existence, really, although it got less obvious as time went by. But I never really liked the straightforward 'War is bad...' lyrics that were so prevalent at the time, so as my writing skills improved I wanted to add more depth to our lyrics and make them more metaphorical; I'd always been into horror films, so that started to manifest itself in the imagery I was using."<ref>Glasper 2009, 286</ref>
Extreme Noise Terror is credited with developing this style into [[grindcore]].<ref name=grindcrust/> However, Pete Hurley, the guitarist for the group, declared that he had no interest in being remembered as a pioneer of this style: "'grindcore' was a legendarily stupid term coined by a hyperactive kid from the West Midlands, and it had nothing to do with us whatsoever. ENT were, are, and — I suspect — always will be a hardcore punk band... not a grindcore band, a stenchcore band, a trampcore band, or any other sub-sub-sub-core genre-defining term you can come up with."<ref>Glasper 2009, 279</ref>
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===1990s===
An important American crust punk band was [[Aus Rotten]]<ref name=ausrotten>"[http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A22082 Crust-punks Behind Enemy Lines release One Nation Under The Iron Fist of God] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128114625/http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A22082 |date=2011-11-28 }}</ref> from [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Crust punk also flourished in Minneapolis, shepherded by the [[Profane Existence]] label.<ref name=grindcrust2/> In this period, the ethos of crust punk became particularly codified, with [[vegetarianism]], [[feminism]], and sometimes [[straight edge]] being prescribed by many of the figures in the scene.<ref name=grindcrust2/> The [[powerviolence]] scene associated with [[Slap-a-Ham Records]] was in close proximity to crust punk, particularly in the case of [[Man Is the Bastard]] and [[Dropdead]].<ref name=terrorizer>"Powerviolence: The Dysfunctional Family of Bllleeeeaaauuurrrgghhh!!." ''Terrorizer'' no. 172. July 2008. p. 36-37.</ref> Crust was also prominent in the [[American South]], where [[Prank Records]] and [[CrimethInc.]] acted as focal points of the scene. The most well-known representative of Southern crust was [[His Hero Is Gone]].<ref name=swedish/><ref>Andrew Childers, "Kick in the South: A Look Back at Prank Records and the Southern Crust Scene." 5 April 2008. [http://grindandpunishment.blogspot.com/2008/04/kick-in-south-look-back-at-prank.html] Access date: 21 June 2008</ref> Prominent crust punk groups ([[Driller Killer (band)|Driller Killer]],
===2000s===
Some notable crust bands in the 2000s include Iskra,<ref name=iskra/> [[Behind Enemy Lines (band)|Behind Enemy Lines]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07032/758295-42.stm |title=Pittsburgh Calling: A capsule look at Pittsburgh bands making news |publisher=Post-gazette.com |date=1 February 2007 |access-date=1 August 2010 | first=Scott | last=Mervis}}</ref> and [[Tragedy (band)|Tragedy]]. The Spanish city [[A Coruña]] has a crust scene which includes bands as Black Panda, Ekkaia and Madame Germen.<ref>[[:es:Crust punk#D.C3.A9cada de los 90s.2F00s .28Portland.2C Suecia.2C Espa.C3.B1a.29]]</ref> In 2017, [[Bandcamp|Bandcamp Daily]] wrote that [[Fluff Fest]], held in
==Relations with other genres==
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====Blackened crust====
Crust punk was affected by a second wave of black metal in the 1990s, with some bands
{{blockquote|In a very ironic paradox, black metal and crust punk have recently started to embrace one another. Members of Darkthrone and Satyricon have lately claimed that they love punk, while among crusties, black metal is the latest fashion. In fact, the latest album by crust punk band [[Skitsystem]] sounds very black metal--while the latest black metal opus by Darkthrone sounds very punk! This would have been unimaginable in the early 90s.|<ref name=Ekeroth258>Ekeroth, p. 258.</ref>}}
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===Crustcore===
Crustcore (also known as crusty hardcore), is a sub-genre of crust punk that takes influence from [[hardcore punk]] and sometimes [[thrashcore]]. [[Havoc Records|Felix
===Grindcore===
Crust punk had a major impact on [[grindcore]]'s emergence. The first grindcore,
===Neo crust===
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== Culture ==
{{
Crust punks are associated with a [[DIY]]-oriented branch of punk garb. Similar to anarcho-punk, most clothing is black in
▲Crust punks are associated with a [[DIY]]-oriented branch of punk garb. Similar to anarcho-punk, most clothing is black in color. Denim jackets and hooded sweatshirts with sewn-on patches, or vests covered in studs, spikes and band patches are characteristic elements of the crust punk style of dress or pants covered in band patches.<ref name=decibel>Kevin Stewart-Panko, "I Saw Disfear Three Times in Three Days", ''Decibel'', no. 46, August 2008, p. 22.</ref> Crust punks also sometimes wear dreadlocks and piercings.<ref name="Kuhn" /> Julian "Leggo" Kilsby of Deviated Instinct describes crust as "a punk-y biker look, more akin to Mad Max. ''[[Mad Max 2]]'' is the crustiest film ever made!"<ref>Glasper 2009, 287</ref>
Members of the sub-culture are generally outspokenly political, possessing [[anarchism|anarchist]] and [[Anti-consumerism|anti-consumerist]] views.<ref name="Kuhn" />
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{{extreme metal}}
[[Category:Crust and d-beat| ]]
[[Category:Anarcho-punk]]
[[Category:Extreme metal]]
[[Category:English styles of music]]
▲[[Category:British rock music genres]]
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