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{{about||the state of being|Patience|other uses}}▼
{{Short description|Person undergoing medical treatment}}
[[File:Haavoittuneita Punaisen ristin sairaalassa Tampereella (26901645371).jpg|thumb|250px|Patients at the [[Red Cross]] Hospital in [[Tampere]], [[Finland]] during the 1918 [[Finnish Civil War]]]]▼
{{Patients sidebar}}
A '''patient''' is any recipient of [[health care]] services that are performed by [[Health professional|healthcare professionals]]. The patient is most often [[Disease|ill]] or [[Major trauma|injured]] and in need of [[therapy|treatment]] by a [[physician]], [[nurse]], [[psychologist]], [[dentist]], [[veterinarian]], or other [[health care provider]].▼
▲A '''patient''' is any recipient of [[health care]] services that are performed by [[Health professional|healthcare professionals]]. The patient is most often [[Disease|ill]] or [[Major trauma|injured]] and in need of [[therapy|treatment]] by a [[physician]], [[nurse]], [[
==Etymology==
The word
This language has been construed as meaning that the role of patients is to passively accept and tolerate the suffering and treatments prescribed by the healthcare providers, without engaging in [[Shared decision-making in medicine|shared decision-making]] about their care.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1999-06-26|title=Do we need a new word for patients?|journal=BMJ: British Medical Journal|volume=318|issue=7200|pages=1756–1758|doi=10.1136/bmj.318.7200.1756|issn=0959-8138|pmc=1116090|pmid=10381717|last1=Neuberger|first1=J.}}</ref>
{{anchor|outpatient|inpatient}}
==Outpatients and inpatients==
▲[[File:Haavoittuneita Punaisen ristin sairaalassa Tampereella (26901645371).jpg|thumb|250px|Patients at the
[[File:Receptionist attending to clients at the out patient.JPG|thumb|Receptionist in [[Kenya]] attending to an outpatient]]
An '''outpatient''' (or '''out-patient''') is a patient who attends an [[Outpatient clinic (hospital department)|outpatient clinic]] with no plan to stay beyond the duration of the visit. Even if the patient will not be formally admitted with a note as an outpatient, their attendance is still registered, and the provider will usually give a note explaining the reason for the [[doctor's visit|visit]], [[medical test|test]]s, or [[medical procedure|procedure]]/[[surgery]], which should include the names and titles of the participating personnel, the patient's name and [[date of birth]], signature of [[informed consent]], estimated pre-
[[File:Crazy Love.jpg|thumb|A mother spends days sitting with her son, a hospital patient in Mali]]
An '''inpatient''' (or '''in-patient'''), on the other hand, is "admitted" to stay in a hospital overnight or for an indeterminate time, usually, several days or weeks, though in some extreme cases, such as with [[coma]] or [[persistent vegetative state]], patients can stay in hospitals for years, sometimes until [[death]]. Treatment provided in this fashion is called [[inpatient care]]. The admission to the hospital involves the production of an [[admission note]]. The leaving of the hospital is officially termed ''discharge'', and involves a corresponding [[discharge note]], and sometimes an assessment process to consider ongoing needs. In the [[English NHS|English National Health Service]] this may take the form of "Discharge to Assess" - where the assessment takes place after the patient has gone home.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unpaid carers' rights are overlooked in hospital discharge |url=https://www.hsj.co.uk/workforce/unpaid-carers-rights-are-overlooked-in-hospital-discharge/7030840.article |access-date=16 October 2021 |publisher=Health Service Journal |date=8 September 2021}}</ref>
== Day patient ==
A '''day patient''' (or
==Alternative
Because of concerns such as [[dignity]], [[human rights]] and [[political correctness]], the term "patient" is not always used to refer to a person receiving health care. Other terms that are sometimes used include '''health consumer''', ''
In [[veterinary medicine]], the '''client''' is the owner or guardian of the patient. These may be used by governmental agencies, [[Health insurance|insurance companies]], patient groups, or [[Health facility|health care facilities]]. Individuals who use or have used [[psychiatric]] services may alternatively refer to themselves as [[psychiatric survivors movement|consumers, users, or survivors]].
In [[nursing home]]s and [[assisted living]] facilities, the term '''resident''' is generally used in lieu of ''patient''
==Patient-centered healthcare==
{{See also|Patient participation}}
The [[doctor-patient relationship|doctor–patient relationship]] has sometimes been characterized as silencing the voice of patients.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clark |first1=Jack A. |last2=Mishler |first2=Elliot G. |title=Attending to patients' stories: reframing the clinical task. |journal=Sociology of Health and Illness |date=September 1992 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=344–372 |doi=10.1111/1467-9566.ep11357498|doi-access=free }}</ref> It is now widely agreed that putting patients at the centre of healthcare<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stewart |first1=M |title=Towards a Global Definition of Patient Centred Care |journal=BMJ |date=24 February 2001 |volume=322 |issue=7284 |pages=444–5 |doi=10.1136/bmj.322.7284.444 |pmid=11222407 |pmc=1119673}}</ref> by trying to provide a consistent, informative and respectful service to patients will improve both outcomes and patient satisfaction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Frampton |first1=Susan B. |last2=Guastello |first2=Sara |last3=Hoy |first3=Libby |last4=Naylor |first4=Mary |last5=Sheridan |first5=Sue |last6=Johnston-Fleece |first6=Michelle |title=Harnessing Evidence and Experience to Change Culture: A Guiding Framework for Patient and Family Engaged Care |journal=NAM Perspectives |date=31 January 2017 |volume=7 |issue=1 |doi=10.31478/201701f}}</ref>
When patients are not at the centre of healthcare, when institutional procedures and targets eclipse local concerns, then patient neglect is possible.<ref name="neglect">{{cite journal |last1=Reader |first1=TW |last2=Gillespie |first2=A |title=Patient Neglect in Healthcare Institutions: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Model. |journal=BMC Health Serv Res |date=30 April 2013 |volume=13 |pages=156 |doi=10.1186/1472-6963-13-156 |pmid=23631468 |pmc=3660245 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Incidents, such as the [[Stafford Hospital scandal]], [[Winterbourne View hospital abuse
There are many reasons for why health services should listen more to patients. Patients spend more time in healthcare services than regulators or quality controllers, and can recognize problems such as service delays, poor hygiene, and poor conduct.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Weingart |first1=SN |last2=Pagovich |first2=O |last3=Sands |first3=DZ |last4=Li |first4=JM |last5=Aronson |first5=MD |last6=Davis |first6=RB |last7=Phillips |first7=RS |last8=Bates |first8=DW |title=Patient-reported Service Quality on a Medicine Unit |journal=Int J Qual Health Care |date=April 2006 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=95–101 |doi=10.1093/intqhc/mzi087 |pmid=16282334|doi-access=free }}</ref> Patients are particularly good at identifying soft problems, such as attitudes, communication, and 'caring neglect',<ref name="neglect" /> that are difficult to capture with institutional monitoring.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Levtzion-Korach |first1=O |last2=Frankel |first2=A |last3=Alcalai |first3=H |last4=Keohane |first4=C |last5=Orav |first5=J |last6=Graydon-Baker |first6=E |last7=Barnes |first7=J |last8=Gordon |first8=K |last9=Puopulo |first9=AL |last10=Tomov |first10=EI |last11=Sato |first11=L |last12=Bates |first12=DW |title=Integrating Incident Data From Five Reporting Systems to Assess Patient Safety: Making Sense of the Elephant |journal=Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf |date=September 2010 |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=402–10 |doi=10.1016/s1553-7250(10)36059-4 |pmid=20873673}}</ref>
One important way in which patients can be placed at the centre of healthcare is for health services to be more open about patient complaints.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berwick |first1=Donald M. |title=What
==See also==
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[[Category:Patient| ]]
[[Category:People by role|*]]
[[Category:People by status|*]]
[[Category:Medical terminology]]
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