Fecalith: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 00:11, 7 March 2017 edit Hovea (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users 1,268 edits m Typo: diverticula is the correct plural. ← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 14:54, 25 September 2024 edit undo OlliverWithDoubleL (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users 24,271 edits m Added short description Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit App description change
(28 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 1: {{Short description\|Bodily stone made of feces}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) \| Name = Fecolith▼ \| ~~Image~~name = Fecalith \| image = X-ray showing fecalith which has caused appendicitis.jpg \| ~~Caption~~caption = A ~~fecolith~~fecalith marked by the arrow which has resulted in acute appendicitis. \| pronounce = ~~\|pronounce = fecaloma{{IPAc-en\|f\|iː\|k\|ə\|ˈ\|l\|oʊ\|m\|ə}}, "{{Respell\|FEE\|kə\|LOH\|mə}}~~ \| ~~DiseasesDB~~field = [[General surgery]] \| synonyms = ~~fecalith, fecolith, fecaloma~~Fecolith, coprolith, stercolith \| ~~ICD10~~ symptoms = ~~{{ICD10\|K\|38\|1\|k\|35}}~~ \| complications = \| ICD9 = {{ICD9\|560.39}}▼ \| ~~ICDO~~onset = \| ~~OMIM~~ duration = \| ~~MedlinePlus~~types = \| ~~eMedicineSubj~~causes = \| ~~eMedicineTopic~~risks = \| ~~MeshID~~ diagnosis = \| differential = \| prevention = \| treatment = \| medication = \| prognosis = \| frequency = \| deaths = }} '''Fecolith''', also called a '''fecaloma''' or '''faecaloma''', is an extreme form of [[fecal impaction]], often characterized by calcification. The term fecalith literally means a "stone" made of [[feces]] (lith=stone). It is a hardening of feces into lumps of varying size and may occur anywhere in the intestinal tract but is typically found in the [[Colon (anatomy)\|colon]]. It is also called '''appendicolith''' when it occurs in the appendix and is sometimes concomitant with appendicitis.<ref name="pmid19794272">{{cite journal\|last1=Aljefri\|first1=A\|last2=Al-Nakshabandi\|first2=N\|title=The stranded stone: relationship between acute appendicitis and appendicolith.\|journal=Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association\|date=2008\|volume=15\|issue=4\|pages=258–60\|pmid=19794272\|pmc=2981843\|doi=10.4103/1319-3767.56106}}</ref> They can also obstruct diverticula. A '''fecalith''' is a stone made of [[feces]]. It is a hardening of feces into lumps of varying size and may occur anywhere in the intestinal tract but is typically found in the [[Colon (anatomy)\|colon]]. It is also called '''appendicolith''' when it occurs in the [[appendix (anatomy)\|appendix]] and is sometimes concurrent with [[appendicitis]].<ref name=pmid19794272>{{cite journal \|last1=Al-Nakshabandi \|first1=Nizar \|last2=Aljefri \|first2=Ahmad \|title=The stranded stone: Relationship between acute appendicitis and appendicolith \|journal=Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology \|date=2009 \|volume=15 \|issue=4 \|pages=258–60 \|pmid=19794272 \|pmc=2981843 \|doi=10.4103/1319-3767.56106 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> They can also obstruct [[diverticula]]. It can form secondary to [[fecal impaction]]. A ''[[Fecal impaction#Fecaloma\|fecaloma]]'' is a more severe form of fecal impaction, and a hardened fecaloma may be considered a giant fecalith. The term is from the Greek [[wiktionary:λίθος\|líthos]]=stone.<ref name=pmid18485960>{{cite journal \|last1=Alaedeen \|first1=Diya I. \|last2=Cook \|first2=Marc \|last3=Chwals \|first3=Walter J. \|title=Appendiceal fecalith is associated with early perforation in pediatric patients \|journal=Journal of Pediatric Surgery \|date=May 2008 \|volume=43 \|issue=5 \|pages=889–92 \|pmid=18485960 \|doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.034}}</ref> ~~==Features==~~ ~~Constipation~~ == Diagnosis == * CT Scan<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Fagelman\|first1=D\|last2=Warhit\|first2=JM\|last3=Reiter\|first3=JD\|last4=Geiss\|first4=AC\|title=CT diagnosis of fecaloma.\|journal=Journal of computer assisted tomography\|date=June 1984\|volume=8\|issue=3\|pages=559–61\|pmid=6725706\|doi=10.1097/00004728-198406000-00040}}</ref> * CT scan * [[Projectional radiography]] * Ultrasound ==~~Causes~~ Complications == ~~There are several causes of fecaloma and have been described in association with:~~ * [[Hirschsprung's disease]] * patients suffering with chronic [[constipation]] * [[Psychiatry\|psychiatric]] patients * [[Chagas disease]] * both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions A small fecalith is one cause of both [[appendicitis]] and acute [[diverticulitis]]. ~~==Pathophysiology==~~ As the fecal matter gradually stagnates and accumulates in the intestine, increase in volume occurs until the intestine becomes deformed and acquires characteristics similar to that of a tumor.<ref name="pmid21749849">{{cite journal\|last1=Yucel\|first1=AF\|last2=Akdogan\|first2=RA\|last3=Gucer\|first3=H\|title=A giant abdominal mass: fecaloma.\|journal=Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology\|date=February 2012\|volume=10\|issue=2\|pages=e9-e10\|pmid=21749849\|doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2011.06.030}}</ref> It may occur in chronic obstruction of stool transit, as in [[megacolon]]<ref name="pmid12072639">{{cite journal\|last1=Rajagopal\|first1=A\|last2=Martin\|first2=J\|title=Giant fecaloma with idiopathic sigmoid megacolon: report of a case and review of the literature.\|journal=Diseases of the colon and rectum\|date=June 2002\|volume=45\|issue=6\|pages=833–5\|pmid=12072639\|doi=10.1007/s10350-004-6306-x}}</ref> and chronic [[constipation]]. Some diseases, such as [[Chagas disease]], [[Hirschsprung's disease]] and others damage the [[autonomic nervous system]] in the colon's [[mucosa]] ([[Auerbach's plexus]]) and may cause extremely large or "giant" fecalomas, which must be surgically removed (disimpaction). Rarely, a fecalith will form around a hairball ([[Bezoar\|Trichobezoar]]), or other hygroscopic or [[desiccant]] nucleus. ~~==Treatment==~~ Distal or sigmoid, fecalomas can often be disimpacted digitally or by a [[catheter]] which carries a flow of disimpaction fluid (water or other solvent or lubricant). Surgical intervention in the form of sigmoid colectomy<ref name="pmid19196473">{{cite journal\|last1=Garisto\|first1=JD\|last2=Campillo\|first2=L\|last3=Edwards\|first3=E\|last4=Harbour\|first4=M\|last5=Ermocilla\|first5=R\|title=Giant fecaloma in a 12-year-old-boy: a case report.\|journal=Cases journal\|date=5 February 2009\|volume=2\|issue=1\|pages=127\|doi=10.1186/1757-1626-2-127\|pmid=19196473\|pmc=2642792}}</ref> or proctocolectomy and ileostomy<ref name="pmid19333059">{{cite journal\|last1=Altomare\|first1=DF\|last2=Rinaldi\|first2=M\|last3=Sallustio\|first3=PL\|last4=Armenise\|first4=N\|title=Giant fecaloma in an adult with severe anal stricture caused by anal imperforation treated by proctocolectomy and ileostomy: report of a case.\|journal=Diseases of the colon and rectum\|date=March 2009\|volume=52\|issue=3\|pages=534–7\|doi=10.1007/DCR.0b013e318199db36\|pmid=19333059}}</ref> may be required only when all conservative measures of evacuation fail. ~~==Complications==~~ [[Fecal impaction]] and attempts at removal can have severe and even lethal effects, such as the rupture of the colon wall by catheter or an acute angle of the fecaloma ([[stercoral perforation]]), followed by [[septicemia]]. A small fecalith is one cause of both [[appendicitis]] and acute [[diverticulitis]]. It may also lead to stercoral perforation, a condition characterized by bowel perforation due to pressure necrosis from a fecal mass or fecaloma.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Kumar\|first1=P\|last2=Pearce\|first2=O\|last3=Higginson\|first3=A\|title=Imaging manifestations of faecal impaction and stercoral perforation.\|journal=Clinical radiology\|date=January 2011\|volume=66\|issue=1\|pages=83–8\|doi=10.1016/j.crad.2010.08.002\|pmid=21147303}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Hsiao\|first1=TF\|last2=Chou\|first2=YH\|title=Stercoral perforation of colon: a rare but important mimicker of acute appendicitis.\|journal=The American journal of emergency medicine\|date=January 2010\|volume=28\|issue=1\|pages=112.e1-2\|doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2009.02.024\|pmid=20006219}}</ref> <gallery> File:AppendicolithPlainCT.png\|Appendicolith as seen on CT File:AppendicolithPlainXray.png\|Appendicolith as seen on plain X ray </gallery> == See also == [[Fecal impaction]]▼ ''Coprolith'' is also used to mean [[Coprolite\|geologically fossilized feces]].▼ * [[Bezoar]] ==References==▼ ▲* [[Fecal impaction]], including fecaloma ▲* ''Coprolith'' is also used to mean [[Coprolite\|geologically fossilized feces]]. ▲== References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{cite journal \|last1=Ramdass \|first1=Michael \|last2=Young \|first2=Quillan \|last3=Milne \|first3=David \|last4=Mooteeram \|first4=Justin \|last5=Barrow \|first5=Shaheeba \|title=Association between the appendix and the fecalith in adults \|journal=Canadian Journal of Surgery \|date=1 February 2015 \|volume=58 \|issue=1 \|pages=10–14 \|doi=10.1503/cjs.002014 \|pmid=25427333 \|pmc=4309758 }} {{cite journal \|last1=Nigar \|first1=Sofia \|last2=Sunkara \|first2=Tagore \|last3=Culliford \|first3=Andrea \|last4=Gaduputi \|first4=Vinaya \|title=Giant Fecalith Causing Near Intestinal Obstruction and Rectal Ischemia \|journal=Case Reports in Gastroenterology \|date=28 February 2017 \|volume=11 \|issue=1 \|pages=59–63 \|doi=10.1159/000455186 \|pmid=28611554 \|pmc=5465791 }} *{{cite journal \|last1=Mahida \|first1=Justin B. \|last2=Lodwick \|first2=Daniel L. \|last3=Nacion \|first3=Kristine M. \|last4=Sulkowski \|first4=Jason P. \|last5=Leonhart \|first5=Karen L. \|last6=Cooper \|first6=Jennifer N. \|last7=Ambeba \|first7=Erica J. \|last8=Deans \|first8=Katherine J. \|last9=Minneci \|first9=Peter C. \|title=High failure rate of nonoperative management of acute appendicitis with an appendicolith in children \|journal=Journal of Pediatric Surgery \|date=June 2016 \|volume=51 \|issue=6 \|pages=908–911 \|doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.056 \|pmid=27018085 }} {{Digestive system diseases}} {{Medical resources \| DiseasesDB = \| ICD10 = {{ICD10\|K\|38\|1\|k\|35}} ▲ \| ICD9 = {{ICD9\|560.39}} ▲ \| ~~Name~~ ICDO = ~~Fecolith~~ \| OMIM = \| MedlinePlus = \| eMedicineSubj = \| eMedicineTopic = \| MeshID = }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Diseases of appendix]]