Isotopes of palladium: Difference between revisions

The primary [[decay mode]] before the most abundant stable isotope, <{{sup>|106</sup>}}Pd, is [[electron capture]] and the primary mode after is [[beta decay]]. The primary [[decay product]] before <{{sup>|106</sup>}}Pd is [[rhodium]] and the primary product after is [[silver]].

[[Radiogenic]] <{{sup>|107</sup>}}Ag is a decay product of <{{sup>|107</sup>}}Pd and was first discovered in the [[Santa Clara, Durango|Santa Clara]] meteorite of 1978.<ref>{{cite journal

|symbol=PaPd

| β⁹¹⁺Pd, [[proton emission|p]]?

| rowspan=2|7/2+#

| β⁹²⁺Pd, p (3.1%)

| rowspan=2|0+

| β⁹³⁺Pd, p (1.6%)

| rowspan=2|(9/2+)

| style="text-indent:1em" | β^93m+Pd, p (7.4%)

| style="text-indent:1em" | ^94m94m2Pd

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 48847209.48(58)&nbsp;keV

| 530206(1018)&nbsp;ns

| IT

| (14+19−)

| β⁹⁵⁺Pd, p (0.23%)

| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 18601875.13(50014)#&nbsp;keV

| rowspan=3|13.3(32)&nbsp;s

| β⁺ (94.188%)

| [[Isomeric transition|IT]] (511%)

| β⁺, [[proton emission|p]] (0.971%)

| 95.918169182137(1645)

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2530.857(123)&nbsp;keV

| 1.81804(17)&nbsp;µsμs

| 96.916489164720(3252)

| 97.9127219126983(2351)

| 17.7(34)&nbsp;min

| 98.9117689117731(1655)

| 99.908506908520(1219)

| 100.9082899082848(1949)

| 101.90560990563229(345)

| colspan=3 align=center|'''[[Observationally Stable]]'''<ref group="n">Believed to decay by β⁺β⁺ to '''¹⁰²Ru''' with a half-life over 7.6×10¹⁸&nbsp;y</ref>

| ¹⁰³Pd<ref group="n">Used in medicine</ref>

| 102.90608790611107(394)

| 103.9040369040304(414)

| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable'''<ref group="n" name="SF">Theoretically capable of [[spontaneous fission]]</ref>

| 104.9050859050795(412)

| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable'''<ref group="n" name="SF"/>

| 105.9034869034803(412)

| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable'''<ref group="n" name="SF"/>

| 106.9051339051281(413)

| 0.85(10)&nbsp;µsμs

| IT

| 107.9038929038918(412)

| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable'''<ref group="n" name="SF"/>

| 108.9059509059506(412)

| 13.701259(2412)&nbsp;h

| '''^109m109Ag'''

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 113.4004000(1014)&nbsp;keV

| IT

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 188.9909903(10)&nbsp;keV

| 4.696703(39)&nbsp;min

| 109.90515390517288(1266)

| colspan=3 align=center|'''Observationally Stable'''<ref group="n">Believed to decay by β⁻β⁻ to '''¹¹⁰Cd''' with a [[half-life]] over 6×102.9×10¹⁷²⁰ years</ref>

| 110.90767190769036(1279)

| 23.456(29)&nbsp;min

| ^111m111Ag

| rowspan=2|5.5563(113)&nbsp;h

| IT (76.8%)

| β⁻ (23.2%)

| ^111m111Ag

| 111.9073149073306(1970)

| 21.0304(517)&nbsp;h

| 112.910159102619(475)

| ^113m113Ag

| 113.9103639103694(2575)

| ^115m115Ag

| (51/2+)#+

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 8986.188(2529)&nbsp;keV<ref name="jaries2024"/>

| β⁻ (92.0%)

| rowspan=2|(117/2−)#

| IT (8.0%)

| 115.914169142979(677)

| 116.917849179556(678)

| ^117m117Ag

| (53/2+)

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 203.23(3)&nbsp;keV

| (119/2−)#

| 117.918989190673(2327)

| rowspan=2|¹¹⁹Pd

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73

| rowspan=2|0.9288(132)&nbsp;s

| β¹²⁰⁻Pd, n (<0.7%)

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 4676

| rowspan=2|0+

| β¹²³⁻Pd, n (<2.5%)

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 4680

| rowspan=2|0+

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2023.5(7)&nbsp;keV

| 330(40)&nbsp;ns

| (5−)

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 21102109.7(9)&nbsp;keV

| 440(30)&nbsp;ns

| ^126m1126Pd

| (7−)

| β¹²⁸⁻Pd<ref, name="NM126A"n />(<ref name="NM126B" />19%)

| rowspan=2|0+

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2151.0(10)&nbsp;keV

| 5.8(8)&nbsp;µsμs

| (8+)

| β¹²⁹⁻Pd, n?

Its yield from [[thermal neutron]] fission of [[uranium-235]] is 0.162914% per fission,<ref name=Pd107-2021>{{cite journal |title=Detection of the Fission Product Palladium-107 in a Pond Sediment Sample from Chernobyl |first1=A. |last1=Weller |first2=T. |last2=Ramaker |first3=F. |last3=Stäger |first4=T. |last4=Blenke |first5=M. |last5=Raiwa |first6=I. |last6=Chyzhevskyi |first7=S. |last7=Kirieiev|first8=S. |last8=Dubchak |first9=G. |last9=Steinhauser |journal=Environmental Science & Technology Letters |date=2021 |volume=8 |issue=8 |pages=656–661 |doi=10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00420 |bibcode=2021EnSTL...8..656W |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352972522}}</ref> only 1/4 that of [[iodine-129]], and only 1/40 those of [[Technetium-99|⁹⁹Tc]], [[Zirconium-93|⁹³Zr]], and [[CesiumCaesium-135|¹³⁵Cs]]. Yield from [[Uranium-233|²³³U]] is slightly lower, but yield from [[Plutonium-239|²³⁹Pu]] is much higher, 3.32%.<ref name=Pd107-2021/> [[Fast fission]] or fission of some heavier [[actinides]]^''[which?]'' will produce palladium-107 at higher yields.

One source<ref>{{cite journal |author=R. P. Bush |title=Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from High Level Radioactive Waste |journal=Platinum Metals Review |year=1991 |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=202–208 |doi=10.1595/003214091X354202208 |url=http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v35-i4-202-208.pdf |access-date=2011-04-02 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074421/http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v35-i4-202-208.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> estimates that palladium produced from fission contains the isotopes ¹⁰⁴Pd (16.9%),¹⁰⁵Pd (29.3%), ¹⁰⁶Pd (21.3%), ¹⁰⁷Pd (17%), ¹⁰⁸Pd (11.7%) and ¹¹⁰Pd (3.8%). According to another source, the proportion of ¹⁰⁷Pd is 9.2% for palladium from thermal neutron fission of [[Uranium-235|²³⁵U]], 11.8% for ²³³U, and 20.4% for ²³⁹Pu (and the ²³⁹Pu yield of palladium is about 10 times that of ²³⁵U).

**{{CAWIA 2003CIAAW2003}}