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The west of Lancashire contains flat coastal plains: the [[West Lancashire Coastal Plain|West Lancashire coastal plain]] to the south and [[the Fylde]] in the centre. The north-western coast is hilly and contains part of [[Arnside and Silverdale]], a [[National Landscape|national landscape]]. The east of the county is upland, with the [[West Pennine Moors]] in the south-east and the [[Forest of Bowland]] in the north-west; Bowland has also been designated a national landscape. The major rivers of the county are, from north to south, the [[River Lune|Lune]], the [[River Wyre|Wyre]], and the [[River Ribble|Ribble]], which all flow west into the Irish Sea. The highest point in Lancashire is either [[Gragareth]] or [[Green Hill (Lancashire)|Green Hill]], both approximately {{Convert|628|m|ft|abbr=on}} high and located in the far north-east of the county.
Lancashire was founded in the 12th century; in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 much of what would become the county is treated as part of [[Yorkshire]] and [[Cheshire]]. Until the Early Modern period the county was a comparatively poor backwater, although in 1351 it became a [[County palatine|palatine]], with a semi-independent judicial system. This changed during the [[Industrial Revolution]], when the county rapidly industrialised; until 1974 it included both Liverpool, a major port, and Manchester, which with its surrounding towns dominated the [[Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution|manufacture of textiles]].<ref>{{cite news |date=13 May 2010 |title=Rivals: Liverpool v Manchester |work=BBC Liverpool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/liverpool/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8677000/8677547.stm}}</ref> The [[Lancashire Coalfield|Lancashire coalfield]] was also exploited, with many [[Coal mining|collieries]] opening. By 1971 Lancashire had a [[List of counties of England by population in 1971|population]] of 5,118,405, which made it the most heavily populated county in the United Kingdom after [[Greater London]].
▲Lancashire was founded in the 12th century; in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 much of what would become the county is treated as part of [[Yorkshire]] and [[Cheshire]]. Until the Early Modern period the county was a comparatively poor backwater, although in 1351 it became a [[County palatine|palatine]], with a semi-independent judicial system. This changed during the [[Industrial Revolution]], when the county rapidly industrialised; until 1974 it included both Liverpool, a major port, and Manchester, which with its surrounding towns dominated the [[Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution|manufacture of textiles]].<ref>{{cite news |date=13 May 2010 |title=Rivals: Liverpool v Manchester |work=BBC Liverpool |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/liverpool/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8677000/8677547.stm}}</ref> The [[Lancashire Coalfield|Lancashire coalfield]] was also exploited, with many [[Coal mining|collieries]] opening. By 1971 Lancashire had a [[List of counties of England by population in 1971|population]] of 5,118,405, which made it the most heavily populated county in the United Kingdom after [[Greater London]]. {{TOC limit|3}}
==History==
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Some settlements within the historic county boundaries are in the ceremonial counties of [[West Yorkshire]], [[Cheshire]], [[Merseyside]], [[Greater Manchester]] and [[Cumbria]]:<ref name="George_D" />{{Full citation needed|date=October 2022}}<ref name="lga1972" /><ref name="lancs_ancient_boundaries">[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/bound_map_page.jsp?first=true&u_id=10173000&c_id=10001043 Vision of Britain] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001001412/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/bound_map_page.jsp?first=true&u_id=10173000&c_id=10001043|date=1 October 2007}} – Lancashire ancient county boundaries</ref><ref name="politics_uk" /><ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/bound_map_page.jsp?first=true&u_id=10097848&c_id=10001043 Vision of Britain] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001023302/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/bound_map_page.jsp?first=true&u_id=10097848&c_id=10001043|date=1 October 2007}} – Lancashire boundaries 1974</ref><ref name="chandler">Chandler, J., ''Local Government Today'', (2001)</ref><ref name="Youngs">Youngs. Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Volume 2. Northern England</ref>
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