Guillemet: Difference between revisions

{{short description|Sideways double chevron (« and ») used as a quotation mark in some languages}}

{{Distinguish|text=[[guillemot]], several species of seabird}}

'''Guillemets''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ɪ|l|əm|ɛ|t}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|guillemet|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/guillemet|title=Guillemet|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref> <small>also</small> {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|ɡ|iː|m|eɪ}},<ref>{{Cite Oxfordencyclopedia Dictionaries|url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/guillemet |accessarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303142144/https://www.lexico.com/definition/guillemet |url-status=dead |archive-date=72020-03-03 June|title=guillemet 2019|dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|ɡ|iː|(|j|)|ə|ˈ|m|eɪ|,_|ˌ|ɡ|ɪ|l|ə|ˈ|m|ɛ|t}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|guillemet|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-|fr|ɡijəmɛ|lang}}) are a pair of [[punctuation]] marks in the form of sideways double [[Chevron (insignia)|chevrons]], {{char|«}} and {{char|»}}, used as [[quotation mark]]s in a number of languages. In some of these languages, "single" guillemets, {{char|‹}} and {{char|›}}, are used for a quotation inside another quotation. Guillemets are not conventionally used in the [[English language|English]]. <!-- Please do not add the single-element guillemet as being used in Mathematics and Computing, it is a different symbol as noted below under See Also -->

Guillemets may also be called '''angle''', '''Latin''', '''Castilian''', '''Spanish''', or '''French quotes / quotation marks'''.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

''Guillemet'' is a [[diminutive]] of the French name ''{{lang|fr|Guillaume}}'', apparently after the French [[printing|printer]] and [[punchcutter]] [[Guillaume Le Bé]] (1525–1598),{{refn|name="Microsoft-etym"|{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/typography/developers/fdsspec/punc.htm |title=Character design standards, Latin 1: Punctuation Design Standards. § ''Pointing quotation marks – Guillemets'' |website=Microsoft Typography |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103011454/http://www.microsoft.com/typography/developers/fdsspec/punc.htm |archive-date=2012-11-03 |access-date=2020-06-12 }}}} though he did not invent the symbols: they first appear in a 1527 book printed by [[Jodocus Badius|Josse Bade]].<ref>[http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/guillemet Trésor de la langue française informatisé – guillemet]</ref> Some languages derive their word for guillemets analogously: {{cnsCitation needed span|date=April 2021|text=the [[Irish language|Irish]] term is ''{{lang|ga|Liamóg}}'', from ''{{lang|ga|Liam}}'' 'William' and a diminutive suffix.}}

In [[Adobe SystemsInc.|Adobe]] font software, its file format specifications, and in all fonts derived from these that contain the characters, the glyph names are incorrectly spelled {{ttcode|guillemotleft}} and {{ttcode|guillemotright}} (a [[malapropism]]: [[guillemot]] is actually a species of seabird). Adobe acknowledgeshas acknowledged the error.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Adobe Systems Inc. |year=1999 |title=PostScript Language Reference: The Red Book |edition=3rd |publisher=Addison Wesley |isbn=978-0-201-37922-8 |at=Character set endnote 3, page 783 |oclc=40927139}}</ref> Likewise, [[X Window System|X11]] mistakenly uses {{ttcode|XK_guillemotleft}} and {{ttcode|XK_guillemotright}} to name keys producing the characters.

* [[Arabic language|Arabic]]

* [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] (usedmostly alongsidein "..."the [[Azerbaijani alphabet|Cyrillic script]])

* [[Chinese language|Chinese]] ([[《]] and [[》]] are used to indicate a book or album title)

* [[Franco-Provençal language|Franco-Provençal]]

* [[French language|French]] (spaced out by [[thin space]]s '''«'''&thinsp;like this&thinsp;'''»''', except no spaces in Switzerland)

* [[North–South differences in the Korean language|Northern]] [[Korean language|Korean]] (in Southern Korean, '''"“...”''' is used)

* [[Kurdish languagelanguages|Kurdish]]

* [[Russian language|Russian]], and [[languages of the Soviet Union|some languages]] of the [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet Union]] using [[Cyrillic script]] („...“ is also used for nested quotes and in hand-written text.)

* [[Languages of Switzerland|Swiss languages]]

*[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] (previously, now "“..."” is official)

* [[Czech language|Czech]] (markedtraditional but declining usage; „...“ prevails)

* [[Danish language|Danish]] ("“..."” is also used)

* [[German language|German]] (excepthere inguillemets Switzerland;are preferred for printedbooks, matters;while „...“ is preferred in newspapers and handwriting; see above for usage in Swiss German)

* [[Polish Languagelanguage|Polish]] (used to indicate a quote inside a quote as defined by dictionaries; more common usage in practice. See also: [[Polish orthography#Punctuation|Polish orthography]])

* [[Slovak language|Slovak]] (markedtraditional but declining usage; „...“ prevails)

* [[Slovene language|Slovene]] („...“ and "“..."” also used)

* [[Swedish language|Swedish]] (this style, and »...» are rarelyconsidered usedtypographically fancy; ”...” is the common andform correctof formquotation)

* [[Swedish language|Swedish]] (this style, and «»...»« are rarelyconsidered usedtypographically fancy; ”...” is the common andform correctof formquotation)

[[Microsoft Word]] uses guillemets when creating [[mail merge]]s. Microsoft use these punctuation marks to denote a mail merge "field", such as {{char|«Title»}}, {{char|«AddressBlock»}} or {{char|«GreetingLine»}}. Then onOn the final printout, the guillemet-marked tags are replaced by each instance of the corresponding data item intended for that field by the user.

The double guillemets are standard keys on [[AZERTY]] and [[QWERTY#Canadian|French Canadian QWERTY keyboards]] and some others.

|{{keypressKey press|[[Alt codes|Alt]]|1}}{{keypressKey press|7|4|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt|1}}{{keypressKey press|7|5|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt|0}}{{keypressKey press|1|7|1|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt|0}}{{keypressKey press|1|8|7|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt|0}}{{keypressKey press|1|3|9|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt|0}}{{keypressKey press|1|5|5|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt Gr|[}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt Gr|]}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|\}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|shift|\}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|shift|3}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|shift|4}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|7}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|shift|7}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|w}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|shift|w}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|shift|V}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|shift|B}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|V}}

|{{keypressKey press|opt|B}}

|{{keypressKey press|Compose|<|<|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Compose|>|>|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Compose|.|<|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Compose|.|>|chain=}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt Gr|Z}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt Gr|X}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt Gr|shift|Z}}

|{{keypressKey press|Alt Gr|shift|X}}

|{{ttmono|&amp;laquo;}}

|{{ttmono|&amp;raquo;}}

|{{ttmono|&amp;lsaquo;}}

|{{ttmono|&amp;rsaquo;}}

* [[KeyboardComputer (computing)keyboard]]