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'''Guillemets''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ɪ|l|əm|ɛ|t}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|guillemet|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/guillemet|title=Guillemet|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref> <small>also</small> {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|ɡ|iː|m|eɪ}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/guillemet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303142144/https://www.lexico.com/definition/guillemet |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-03 |title=guillemet |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|ɡ|iː|(|j|)|ə|ˈ|m|eɪ|,_|ˌ|ɡ|ɪ|l|ə|ˈ|m|ɛ|t}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|guillemet|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-|fr|ɡijəmɛ|lang}}) are a pair of [[punctuation]] marks in the form of sideways double [[Chevron (insignia)|chevrons]], {{char|«}} and {{char|»}}, used as [[quotation mark]]s in a number of languages. In some of these languages, "single" guillemets, {{char|‹}} and {{char|›}}, are used for a quotation inside another quotation. Guillemets are not conventionally used in the [[English language|English]]. <!-- Please do not add the single-element guillemet as being used in Mathematics and Computing, it is a different symbol as noted below under See Also -->
 
== Terminology ==
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''Guillemet'' is a [[diminutive]] of the French name ''{{lang|fr|Guillaume}}'', apparently after the French [[printing|printer]] and [[punchcutter]] [[Guillaume Le Bé]] (1525–1598),{{refn|name="Microsoft-etym"|{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/typography/developers/fdsspec/punc.htm |title=Character design standards, Latin 1: Punctuation Design Standards. § ''Pointing quotation marks – Guillemets'' |website=Microsoft Typography |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103011454/http://www.microsoft.com/typography/developers/fdsspec/punc.htm |archive-date=2012-11-03 |access-date=2020-06-12 }}}} though he did not invent the symbols: they first appear in a 1527 book printed by [[Jodocus Badius|Josse Bade]].<ref>[http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/guillemet Trésor de la langue française informatisé – guillemet]</ref> Some languages derive their word for guillemets analogously: {{Citation needed span|date=April 2021|text=the [[Irish language|Irish]] term is ''{{lang|ga|Liamóg}}'', from ''{{lang|ga|Liam}}'' 'William' and a diminutive suffix.}}
 
In [[Adobe Inc.|Adobe Systems]] font software, its file format specifications, and in all fonts derived from these that contain the characters, the glyph names are incorrectly spelled {{code|guillemotleft}} and {{code|guillemotright}} (a [[malapropism]]: [[guillemot]] is actually a species of seabird). Adobe acknowledgeshas acknowledged the error.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Adobe Systems Inc. |year=1999 |title=PostScript Language Reference: The Red Book |edition=3rd |publisher=Addison Wesley |isbn=978-0-201-37922-8 |at=Character set endnote 3, page 783 |oclc=40927139}}</ref> Likewise, [[X Window System|X11]] mistakenly uses {{code|XK_guillemotleft}} and {{code|XK_guillemotright}} to name keys producing the characters.
 
== Shape ==
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* [[Arabic]]
* [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
* [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] (mostly in the [[Azerbaijani alphabet|Cyrillic script]])
* [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
* [[Breton language|Breton]]
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* [[Estonian language|Estonian]] (marked usage; „...“ prevails)
* [[Franco-Provençal]]
* [[French language|French]] (spaced out by [[thin space]]s '''«'''&thinsp;like this&thinsp;'''»''', except no spaces in Switzerland)
* [[Galician language|Galician]]
* [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Italian language|Italian]]
* [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
* [[North–South differences in the Korean language|Northern]] [[Korean language|Korean]] (in Southern Korean, '''"“...”''' is used)
* [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]
* [[Latvian language|Latvian]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.uzdevumi.lv/p/latviesu-valoda/12-klase/valodas-funkcionalie-stili-11433/lietiskais-stils-11551/re-25a094b0-0a93-41f8-b8df-70f7f71584b0 | title=Pieturzīmes lietišķajos rakstos. Pēdiņas. — teorija. Latviešu valoda, 12. Klase. }}</ref> (''stūrainās pēdiņas'')
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* [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
* [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] (mostly in the [[Uzbek alphabet|Cyrillic script]])
*[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] (previously, now "“..."” is official)
 
Guillemets are used pointing inwards ('''»'''like this'''«''') to indicate speech in these languages:
* [[Croatian language|Croatian]] (mostlypreferred usedby intypographers,<ref>{{Cite book publications;|last=Mesaroš |first=Franjo |url=https://archive.org/embed/franjo-mesaros-tipografski-priruc-nik |title=Tipografski priručnik |year=1985 |p=179}}</ref> alternate pair „...“ is commonly used in newspaperscommon use)
* [[Czech language|Czech]] (traditional but declining usage; „...“ prevails)
* [[Danish language|Danish]] ("“..."” is also used)
* [[Esperanto]] (very uncommon)
* [[German language|German]] (here guillemets are preferred for books, while „...“ is preferred in newspapers and handwriting; see above for usage in Swiss German)
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* [[Serbian language|Serbian]] (marked usage; „...“ prevails)
* [[Slovak language|Slovak]] (traditional but declining usage; „...“ prevails)
* [[Slovene language|Slovene]] („...“ and "“..."” also used)
* [[Swedish language|Swedish]] (this style, and »...» are considered typographically fancy; ”...” is the common form of quotation)
 
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