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Line 1: {{short description\|Phylum of Excavata}} {{Automatic taxobox \| image = Naegleria (formes) en.png \| image_caption = ~~Different~~The three different stages of ''[[Naegleria ~~Fowleri~~fowleri\|N. fowleri]]'' \| taxon = Percolozoa \| display_parents = 4 \| authority = [[Thomas Cavalier-Smith\|Cavalier-Smith]] 1991 \| subdivision_ranks = Classes~~, Orders and Families~~ \| subdivision = * ~~Class '''~~[[Heterolobosea~~'''~~]] * [[Lunosea]] :<small>Page & Blanton 1985</small> * ~~Order~~ [[~~Schizopyrenida~~Lyromonadea]] *** ~~Family~~ [[~~Vahlkampfiidae~~Neovahlkampfea]] * [[Pharyngomonadea]] * Family [[Gruberellidae]] \|synonyms = Order [[Acrasida]] * Acrasiomycota <small>Whittaker 1969</small> *** Family [[Acrasidae]] * Amoeboflagellates ** ''Incertae sedis'' * Pseudociliata <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> *** Family [[Lyromonadidae]] * Schizopyrenia * Class [[Percolatea]] * Tetramitozoa <small>Dillon 1963</small> * Stephanopogonophyta <small>Doweld 2001</small> * Stephanopogonomorpha <small>Sleigh et al. 1984</small> }} ~~The '''Percolozoa''' are a group of colourless, non-photosynthetic [[Excavata\|excavates]], including many that can transform between [[amoeboid]], [[flagellate]], and [[microbial cyst\|cyst]] stages.~~ The '''Percolozoa''' are a group of colourless, non-photosynthetic [[Excavata]], including many that can transform between [[amoeboid]], [[flagellate]], and [[microbial cyst\|cyst]] stages. ==Characteristics== {{unsourced\|section\|date=June 2024}} Most Percolozoa are found as bacterivores in soil, fresh water and occasionally in the ocean. The only member of this group that is infectious to humans is ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'', the causative agent of the often fatal disease [[amoebic meningitis]]. The group is closely related to the [[Euglenozoa]], and share with them the unusual characteristic of having [[mitochondrion\|mitochondria]] with discoid [[crista]]e. The presence of a ventral feeding groove in the flagellate stage, as well as other features, suggests that they are part of the [[excavate]] group. Most Percolozoa are found as bacterivores in soil, fresh water and occasionally in the ocean. The only member of this group that is infectious to humans is ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'', the causative agent of the often fatal disease [[amoebic meningitis]]. The group is closely related to the [[Euglenozoa]], and share with them the unusual characteristic of having [[mitochondrion\|mitochondria]] with discoid [[crista]]e. The presence of a ventral feeding groove in the flagellate stage, as well as other features, suggests that they are part of the [[Excavata]] group. The amoeboid stage is roughly cylindrical, typically around [[1 E-5 m\|~~20-40~~20–40 μm]] in length. They are traditionally considered lobose amoebae, but are not related to the others, and unlike them, do not form true lobose [[pseudopods]]. Instead, they advance by eruptive waves, where hemispherical bulges appear from the front margin of the cell, which is clear. The flagellate stage is slightly smaller, with two or four anterior flagella anterior to the feeding groove. Usually, the amoeboid form is taken when food is plentiful, and the flagellate form is used for rapid locomotion. However, not all members are able to assume both forms. The genera ''[[Percolomonas]]'', ''[[Lyromonas]]'', and ''[[Psalteriomonas]]'' are known only as flagellates, while ''[[Vahlkampfia]]'', ''[[Pseudovahlkampfia]]'', and most [[acrasid]]s do not have flagellate stages. As mentioned above, under unfavourable conditions, the acrasids aggregate to form sporangia. These are superficially similar to the sporangia of the [[dictyostelid]]s, but the amoebae only aggregate as individuals or in small groups and do not die to form the stalk. [[File:2023 Heterolobosean.svg\|center\|thumb\|upright=2\|{{center\|'''Representation of a heterolobosean'''}}{{ordered list\|Eruptive [[Pseudopodia\|pseudopod]]\| [[Ectoplasm (cell biology)\|Ectoplasm]]\| Endoplasm\| [[Phagosome]] with prey\| [[Mitochondria\|Mitochondrion]], creates [[Adenosine triphosphate\|ATP]] (energy) for the cell (distoid cristae)\| [[Lysosome]], holds enzymes\| [[Food vacuole\|Digestive vacuoles]] with prey\| Smooth [[Endoplasmic reticulum\|endoplasmic reticulum]], the transport network for molecules going to specific parts of the cell\| [[Golgi apparatus]], modifies [[protein]]s and sends them out of the cell (reduced)\| [[Nucleolus]]\| [[Nucleus]]\| Rough endoplasmic reticulum\| [[Contractile vacuole]], regulates the quantity of water inside a cell\| Uroid}}]] ==Terminology and classification== These are collectively referred to as schizopyrenids, amoeboflagellates, or vahlkampfids. They also include the acrasids, a group of social amoebae that aggregate to form [[sporangium\|sporangia]]. The entire group is usually called the '''Heterolobosea''', but this may be restricted to members with amoeboid stages. One Heterolobosea classification system is:<ref name="urlHeterolobosea">{{cite web \|url=http://tolweb.org/Heterolobosea/96360 \|title=Heterolobosea \|~~format= \|work= \|accessdate~~access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref> * Order [[Schizopyrenida]] ** Family [[Vahlkampfiidae]] Line 36 ⟶ 57: * Order [[Acrasida]] ** Family [[Acrasidae]] ''Pleurostomum flabellatum'' has recently been added to Heterolobosea.<ref name="pmid17576098">{{cite journal \|vauthors=Park JS, Simpson AG, Lee WJ, Cho BC \|title=Ultrastructure and phylogenetic placement within Heterolobosea of the previously unclassified, extremely halophilic heterotrophic flagellate ''Pleurostomum flabellatum'' (Ruinen 1938) \|journal=Protist \|volume=158 \|issue=3 \|pages=397–413 \|date=July 2007 \|pmid=17576098 \|doi=10.1016/j.protis.2007.03.004 ~~\|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1434-4610(07)00021-1~~}}</ref> ===Phylogeny=== Based on the cladogram from Tolweb and updated ~~with new data from~~by Pánek &and Čepička 2012<ref>{{cite book \|authors=Pánek, T. & Čepička, I. \|title=Diversity of Heterolobosea in Genetic Diversity in Microorganisms \|journal=Protist \|isbn=978-953-51-0064-5 \|pages=3–26 \|date=2012 \|url=http://www.intechopen.com/books/genetic-diversity-in-microorganisms/diversity-of-heterolobosea}}</ref> Pánek, Ptackova & Čepička 2014.<ref>{{cite journal ~~\|authors=Pánek, Ptackova & Čepička~~ \|title=Survey on diversity of marine/saline anaerobic Heterolobosea (Excavata: Discoba) with description of seven new species \|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology \|volume=64\|issue= Pt 7\|pages=2280–2304 \|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.063487-0 \|date=2014 \|pmid=24729392\|doi-access=free \|~~url~~last1=~~http:/~~Pánek \|first1=Tomáš \|last2=Ptáčková \|first2=Eliška \|last3=Čepička \|first3=Ivan }}</~~ijs.sgmjournals~~ref><ref name="CavSmith 2021">{{cite journal\|vauthors=Cavalier-Smith T\|title=Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi\|journal=Protoplasma\|doi=10.~~org~~1007/s00709-021-01665-7\|date=December 2021\|volume=259\|issue=3 \|pages=487–593\|pmid=~~24729392~~34940909 \|pmc=9010356}}</ref> {{clade\| style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% ~~\|label1=~~ \|1={{Clade \|label1=~~[[Pharyngomonadea]]~~Pharyngomonada \|1={{Clade \|label1=Pharyngomonadea ~~\|1=''[[Pharyngomonas]]''~~ \|1={{Clade \|label1=Pharyngomonadida \|1={{Clade \|label1=Pharyngomonadidae \|1=''[[Pharyngomonas]]'' }} }} }} \|label2=[[Tetramitia]] \|2={{Clade ~~\|label1=[[Selenaionida]]~~ \|1={{Clade \|label1=Lunosea ~~\|1=[[Selenaionidae]]~~ \|1={{Clade \|label1=Selenaionida \|1={{Clade \|label1=Selenaionidae \|1={{Clade \|1=''[[Selenaion]]'' \|2=''[[Dactylomonas]]'' }} }} }} }} \|2={{Clade \|label1=~~[[Neovahlkampfiida]]~~Neovahlkampfea \|1=~~''[[Neovahlkampfia]]''~~{{Clade \|label1=Neovahlkampfida \|1={{Clade \|label1=Neovahlkampfiidae \|1=''[[Neovahlkampfia]]'' }} }} \|label2=Eutetramitia \|2={{Clade \|label1=[[Lyromonadea]] \|1={{Clade \|label1=~~[[Paravahlkampfiidae]]~~Lyromonadida \|1={{Clade ~~\|1=''[[Fumarolamoeba]]''~~ ~~\|2=''[[Paravahlkampfia]]''~~ }} ~~\|label2=[[Lyromonadida]]~~ ~~\|2={{Clade~~ ~~\|label1=[[Plaesiobystridae]]~~ \|1={{Clade \|1label1=~~''[[Euplaesiobystra]]''~~Plaesiobystridae ~~\|2=''[[Heteramoeba]]''~~ }} ~~\|2={{Clade~~ ~~\|label1=[[Gruberellidae]]~~ \|1={{Clade \|1=''[[Euplaesiobystra]]'' \|2=''[[Heteramoeba]]'' }} \|label2=[[Gruberellidae]] \|2={{Clade \|1=''[[Vrihiamoeba]]'' \|2={{Clade Line 81 ⟶ 119: }} }} ~~\|label2=[[Psalteriomonadidae]]~~ }} \|2={{Clade \|label1=Paravahlkampfiidae \|1={{Clade \|1={{Clade \|1=''[[Fumarolamoeba]]'' \|2=''[[Parafumarolamoeba]]'' }} \|2=''[[Paravahlkampfia]]'' }} \|label2=Psalteriomonadidae \|2={{Clade \|1=~~''[[Pseudoharpagon]]''~~{{Clade \|1=''[[Sawyeria]]'' \|2=''[[Psalteriomonas]]'' }} \|2={{Clade \|1=~~{{Clade~~''[[Pseudoharpagon]]'' ~~\|1=''[[Sawyeria]]''~~ ~~\|2=''[[Psalteriomonas]]''~~ }} \|2={{Clade \|1=''[[Pseudomastigamoeba]]'' Line 105 ⟶ 153: \|label1=[[Acrasida]] \|1={{Clade \|label1=[[Acrasidae]] \|1={{Clade \|1=~~''[[Allovahlkampfia]]''~~{{Clade \|21=''[[~~Solumitrus~~Allovahlkampfia]]'' }} \|2=''[[Solumitrus]]'' ~~\|2={{Clade~~ }} \|12=~~''[[Pocheina]]''~~{{Clade \|21=''[[~~Acrasis~~Pocheina]]'' \|2=''[[Acrasis]]'' }} }} }} \|label2=~~[[Schizopyrenida]] s.s.~~Amoebomastigota \|2={{Clade ~~\|label1=[[Naegleriidae]]~~ \|1={{Clade \|1label1=~~{{Clade~~Naegleriida \|1=~~''[[Pleurostomum]]''~~{{Clade \|21=''[[~~Tulamoeba~~Marinamoeba]]'' }} \|2={{Clade \|1label1=~~''[[Marinamoeba]]''~~Tulamoebidae \|1={{Clade \|1=''[[Pleurostomum]]'' \|2=''[[Tulamoeba]]'' }} \|label2=Naegleriidae \|2={{Clade \|1=''[[Naegleria]]'' Line 129 ⟶ 183: }} }} }} }} \|2={{Clade ~~\|label1=[[Vahlkampfiidae]] s.s.~~ \|1={{Clade \|1label1=~~''[[Tetramitus]]''~~Vahlkampfiida s.s. \|21=~~''[[Vahlkampfia]]''~~{{Clade \|label1=[[Vahlkampfiidae]] \|1={{Clade \|1=''[[Tetramitus]]'' \|2=''[[Vahlkampfia]]'' }} }} }} ~~\|label2=[[Percolatea]]~~ \|2={{Clade \|1label1=~~''[[Percolomonas]]''~~Creneida \|21=~~''[[Stephanopogon]]''~~{{Clade \|label1=Creneidae \|1=''[[Creneis (genus)\|Creneis]]'' }} \|label2=[[Percolatea\|Percolomonadida]]<ref name="Hohlfeld_2023"/> \|2={{Clade \|1={{Clade \|label1=[[Stephanopogonidae]] \|1=''[[Stephanopogon]]'' }} \|2={{Clade \|1={{Clade \|label1=Barbellidae \|1={{Clade \|1=''[[Barbelia]]'' \|2=''[[Nonamonas]]'' }} }} \|2={{Clade \|label1=Lulaidae \|1=''[[Lula (protist)\|Lula]]'' \|label2=Percolomonadidae \|2={{Clade \|1=''[[Percolomonas]]'' \|2=''[[Nakurumonas]]'' }} }} }} }} }} }} Line 151 ⟶ 238: ===Taxonomy=== Phylum Percolozoa <small>Cavalier-Smith 1991</small><ref>{{cite journal \| website=''Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement~~'' \|author= \| year=~~ \| title=Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi \| url=http://mave.tweakdsl.nl/tn/genera1.html \| ~~journal~~display-authors=\|etal ~~volume=~~\| ~~pages~~access-date=\|30 June 2016 ~~doi=~~\|~~display~~ archive-~~authors~~url=~~etal~~https://web.archive.org/web/20160814234049/http://mave.tweakdsl.nl/tn/genera1.html \| ~~access~~archive-date=3014 ~~June~~August 2016 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> * Subphylum [[Pharyngomonada]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1991</small> Class [[Pharyngomonadea]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 2008</small> [Macropharyngomonadidea] * Order [[Pharyngomonadida]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 2008</small> [Macropharyngomonadida] ** Family [[Pharyngomonadidae]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 2008</small> [Macropharyngomonadidae <small>Cavalier-Smith 2008</small>] *** Genus ''[[Pharyngomonas]]'' <small>Cavalier-Smith 2008</small> [''[[Macropharyngomonas]]'' nomen nudum] * Subphylum [[Tetramitia]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993 ~~emend~~em. Cavalier-Smith 2008</small> Genus ?''[[Costiopsis]]'' <small>Senn 1900</small> Genus ?''[[~~Hoehnmastix~~Hoehnemastix]]'' <small>Skvortzov 1974</small> Genus ?''[[Planiosculum]]'' <small>Szabados 1948</small> Genus ?''[[Protomyxomyces]]'' <small>Cunningham 1881</small> Line 168 ⟶ 255: Genus ?''[[Trimastigamoeba]]'' <small>Whitmore 1911</small> Genus ?''[[Wasielewskia]]'' <small>Hartmann & Schuessler 1913</small> Family Euhyperamoebidae <small>Goodkov & Seravin 1984</small> [Hyperamoebidae <small>Goodkov, Seravin & Railkin 1982</small>] Order ?[[Euhyperamoebida]] * ~~Family~~Genus ''[[~~Euhyperamoebidae~~Euhyperamoeba]]'' <small>Goodkov & Seravin 1984</small> [~~Hyperamoebidae~~''[[Hyperamoeba]]'' <small>Goodkov, Seravin & Railkin 1982 non Alexeieff 1923</small>] Class Lunosea <small>Cavalier-Smith 2021</small> ** Genus ''[[Euhyperamoeba]]'' <small>Goodkov & Seravin 1984</small> [''[[Hyperamoeba]]'' <small>Goodkov, Seravin & Railkin 1982 non Alexeieff 1923</small>] * Order [[Selenaionida]] <small>Hanousková, Táborský & Čepička 2018</small> ** Family [[Selenaionidae]] <small>Hanousková, Táborský & Čepička 2018</small> * Genus ''[[Selenaion ~~koniopes~~]]'' <small>Park, De Jonckheere & Simpson 2012</small> * Genus ''[[Dactylomonas]]'' <small>Hanousková, Táborský & Čepička 2018</small> Class Neovahlkampfiea <small>Cavalier-Smith 2021</small> Order [[Neovahlkampfiida]] * Order Neovahlkampfiida <small>Cavalier-Smith 2021</small> * Family [[Neovahlkampfiidae]] ~~Genus~~Family ~~''[[Neovahlkampfia]]''~~Neovahlkampfiidae <small>~~Brown~~Hanousková, &Táborský de& ~~Jonckheere~~Čepička ~~1999~~2018</small> * ~~Class~~Genus ''[[~~Lyromonadea~~Neovahlkampfia]]'' <small>~~Cavalier-Smith~~Brown ~~1993~~& de Jonckheere 1999</small> Class Lyromonadea <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> * Order [[Paravahlkampfiida]] * Order Lyromonadida <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> ** Family [[Paravahlkampfiidae]] Family [[Gruberellidae]] <small>Page & Blanton 1985</small> * Genus ''[[Gruberella]]'' <small>Page 1984 non Gruber 1889 non Corliss 1960</small> * Genus ''[[Oramoeba]]'' <small>de Jonckheere et al. 2011</small> * Genus ''[[Stachyamoeba]]'' <small>Page 1975</small> * Genus ''[[Vrihiamoeba]]'' <small>Murase, Kawasak & Jonckheere 2010</small> Family Paravahlkampfiidae * Genus ''[[Fumarolamoeba]]'' <small>De Jonckheere, Murase & Opperdoes 2011</small> * Genus ''[[Parafumarolamoeba]]'' <small>Geisen et al. 2015</small> * Genus ''[[Paravahlkampfia]]'' <small>Brown & de Jonckheere 1999</small> Family Plaesiobystridae * Order [[Lyromonadida]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> ** Family [[Lyromonadidae]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> * Genus ''[[Lyromonas]]'' <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> Family [[Plaesiobystridae]] * Genus ''[[Pernina]]'' <small>El Kadiri, Joyon & Pussard 1992</small> * Genus ''[[Euplaesiobystra]]'' <small>Park et al. 2009</small> * Genus ''[[Plaesiobystra]]'' * Genus ''[[Heteramoeba]]'' <small>Droop 1962</small> * ~~Family~~Genus ''[[~~Gruberellidae~~Pernina]]'' <small>~~Page~~El Kadiri, Joyon & ~~Blanton~~Pussard ~~1985~~1992</small> Family Psalteriomonadidae <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> [Lyromonadidae <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small>] * Genus ''[[Gruberella]]'' <small>Page 1984 non Gruber 1889 non Corliss 1960</small> * Genus ''[[Vrihiamoeba]]'' <small>Murase, Kawasak & Jonckheere 2010</small> * Genus ''[[Oramoeba]]'' * Genus ''[[Stachyamoeba]]'' <small>Page 1975</small> Family [[Psalteriomonadidae]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> * Genus ''[[Pseudoharpagon]]'' <small>Panek et al. 2012</small> * Genus ''[[Sawyeria]]'' <small>O'Kelly et al. 2003</small> * Genus ''[[Psalteriomonas]]'' <small>Broers et al. 1990</small> * Genus ''[[Pseudomastigamoeba]]'' * Genus ''[[Harpagon]]'' <small>Panek et al. 2012</small> * Genus ''[[Monopylocystis]]'' <small>O'Kelly et al. 2003</small> * Genus ''[[Psalteriomonas]]'' <small>Broers et al. 1990</small> [''[[Lyromonas]]'' <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small>] Class [[Heterolobosidea]] *** Genus ''[[Pseudoharpagon]]'' <small>Panek et al. 2012</small> * Genus ''[[Pseudomastigamoeba]]'' * Genus ''[[Sawyeria]]'' <small>O'Kelly et al. 2003</small> Class [[Heterolobosea]] <small>Page & Blanton 1985</small> * Order [[Acrasida]] <small>Schröter 1886</small> ~~?Genus~~Family ''[[~~Allovahlkampfia~~Acrasidae]]'' <small>~~Walochnik~~van &Tieghem ~~Mulec~~1880 ~~2009~~ex Hartog 1906</small> ?Genus ''[[Solumitrus]]'' <small>Wang et al. 2011</small> Family [[Acrasidae]] <small>Poche 1913</small> * Genus ''[[Acrasis]]'' <small>van Tieghem 1880</small> * Genus ''[[~~Pocheina~~Allovahlkampfia]]'' <small>~~Loeblich~~Walochnik & ~~Tappan~~Mulec ~~1961~~2009</small> * ~~Family~~Genus ?''[[~~Guttulinopsidae~~Pocheina]]'' <small>~~Olive~~Loeblich ~~1970~~& Tappan 1961</small> [~~Guttulinidae~~''[[Guttulina]]'' <small>~~Berl.~~Cienkowski ~~1888~~1873 non D'Orbigny 1839</small>~~; Guttulinopsaceae~~] * Genus ''[[~~Guttulina~~Solumitrus]]'' <small>~~Cienkowski~~Wang ~~1873~~et ~~non~~al. ~~D’Orbigny 1839~~2011</small> * ~~Genus~~Order ~~''[[Guttulinopsis]]''~~Naegleriida <small>~~Olive 1901~~Starobogatov 1980</small> * Genus ''[[~~Rosculus~~Marinamoeba]]'' <small>~~Hawes~~De ~~1963~~Jonckheere et al. 2009</small> ~~Order~~Family ~~[[Schizopyrenida]]~~Tulamoebidae <small>~~Singh~~Kirby ~~1952~~et ~~s.s~~al. 2015</small> Family [[Naegleriidae]] [Tulamoebidae <small>Kirby et al. 2015</small>] * Genus ''[[Aurem]]'' <small>Jhin & Park 2018</small> * Genus ''[[Pleurostomum]]'' <small>Namyslowski 1913</small> * Genus ''[[Tulamoeba]]'' <small>Park et al. 2009</small> Family Naegleriidae <small>Kudo 1954</small> [Schizopyrenidae <small>Singh 1951 ex Singh 1952</small>; Bistadiidae <small>Doflein 1916</small>] * Genus ''[[Marinamoeba]]'' <small>De Jonckheere et al. 2009</small> * Genus ''[[Naegleria]]'' <small>Aléxéieff 1912</small> [''[[Adelphamoeba]]'' <small>Napolitano, Wall & Ganz 1970</small>; ''Didascalus'' <small>Singh 1952</small>; ''Schizopyrenus'' <small>Singh 1951 ex Singh 1952</small>] * Genus ''[[Willaertia]]'' <small>de Jonckheere et al. 1984</small> * Order Tetramitida <small>Doweld 2001</small> *** Genus ''[[Naegleria]]'' <small>Aléxéieff 1912</small> [''[[Trimastigamoeba]]'' <small>Whitmore 1911</small>; ''[[Didascalus]]'' <small>Singh 1952</small>] Family [[Vahlkampfiidae]] <small>Jollos 1917 s.s.</small> ~~[Tetramitaceae]~~ * Genus ''[[Tetramitus]]'' <small>Perty 1852</small> [''[[Copromastix]]'' <small>Aragao 1916</small>; ~~''[[Adelphamoeba]]'' <small>Napolitano, Wall & Ganz 1970</small>,~~ ''[[Learamoeba]]'' <small>Sawyer et al. 1998</small>, ''[[Paratetramitus]]'' <small>Darbyshire, Page & Goodfellow 1976</small>, ''[[Singhamoeba]]'' <small>Sawyer, Nerad & Munson 1992~~</small>; ''[[Schizopyrenus]]'' <small>Singh 1952~~</small>] * Genus ''[[Vahlkampfia]]'' <small>Chatton & LaLung-Bonnaire 1912</small> [''Guttulidium'' <small>Frenzel 1892</small>] * Order Creneida <small>Cavalier-Smith 2021</small> ** Family Creneidae <small>Pánek et al. 2014</small> * Genus ''[[Creneis (genus)\|Creneis]]'' <small>Pánek et al. 2014</small> * Order Percolomonadida <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> ** Family Barbeliidae <small>Arndt 2023</small><ref name="Hohlfeld_2023">{{cite journal \|last1=Hohlfeld \|first1=Manon \|last2=Meyer \|first2=Claudia \|last3=Schoenle \|first3=Alexandra \|last4=Nitsche \|first4=Frank \|last5=Arndt \|first5=Hartmut \|title=Biogeography, autecology, and phylogeny of Percolomonads based on newly described species \|journal=Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology \|date=January 2023 \|volume=70 \|issue=1 \|pages=e12930 \|doi=10.1111/jeu.12930 \|pmid=35712988\|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Genus ''[[Barbelia]]'' <small>Arndt 2021</small> * Genus ''[[Nonamonas]]'' <small>Hohlfeld, Meyer & Arndt 2023</small> Family Lulidae <small>Hohlfeld & Arndt 2023</small><ref name="Hohlfeld_2023"/> * Genus ''[[Lula (protist)\|Lula]]'' <small>Arndt, Nitsche & Carduck 2021</small> Family [[Percolomonadidae]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> [Choanogasteraceae] * Genus ''[[Percolomonas]]'' <small>Fenchel & Patterson 1986</small> [''[[Choanogaster]]'' <small>Pochmann 1959</small>] Family [[Stephanopogonidae]] <small>Corliss 1961</small> * Genus ''[[Nakurumonas]]'' <small>Carduck, Nitsche & Arndt 2021</small> *** Genus ''[[Stephanopogon]]'' <small>Entz 1884</small> ==History== The Heterolobosea were first defined by [[~~Page~~F. ~~(biologist)~~C. Page\|Page]] and [[R. L. Blanton\|Blanton]] in 1985<ref> {{cite journal \| last = Page \| first = F.C. Line 245 ⟶ 338: \| title = The Biology of Free-living Heterotrophic Flagellates \| editor = D.J. Patterson & J. Larsen \| pages = 113–131 \| isbn =9780198577478 \| publisher = Oxford University Press }} </ref> Cavalier-Smith maintained the Heterolobosea as a class for amoeboid forms. He has defined Percolozoa as "Heterolobosea plus [[Percolatea]] classis nov."<ref name="pmid14657102">{{cite journal \|author=Cavalier-Smith T \|title=The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa \|journal=Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. \|volume=53 \|issue=Pt 6 \|pages=1741–58 \|date=November 2003 \|pmid=14657102 \|doi= 10.1099/ijs.0.02548-0\|~~url~~doi-access=~~http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14657102~~free }}</ref> ==References== Line 260 ⟶ 353: {{Eukaryota classification}} {{Excavata}} ~~{{Life on Earth}}~~ {{Taxonbar\|from=Q22094454}} [[Category:Percolozoa\| ]] ~~[[Category:Percolozoa\|*]]~~ [[Category:Bikont phyla]] [[Category:Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith]]