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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}▼
{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from 1605 to 1621}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
|type = Pope
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|term_start = 16 May 1605
|term_end = 28 January 1621
|predecessor = [[
|successor = [[
|birth_date = 17 September 1550
|birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Papal States]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1621|1|28|1550|9|17|df=y}}
|death_place =
|other = Paul
|ordination = 20 October 1577
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|cardinal = 5 June 1596
|created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Clement VIII|Clement VIII]]
|previous_post = {{Indented plainlist|
* [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Sant'Eusebio]] (1596–1605)
* [[Cardinal Vicar of Rome]] (1603–1605)
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jesi|Bishop of Jesi]] (1597–1599)
* Cardinal-Priest of [[San Crisogono]] (1602–1605)
* Cardinal-Priest of Santi Giovanni e Paolo (1599–1602)
}}
|coat_of_arms = C o a Paulus V.svg
|motto = ''Absit nisi in te gloriari'' (Far, but in your glory)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL5.htm|title=Pope Alexander VII (1655–1667)|publisher=GCatholic|access-date=10 May 2014}}</ref>
| signature = Signature of Pope Paul V.svg
}}
'''Pope Paul V''' ({{
Trained in jurisprudence, Borghese was made Cardinal-Priest of [[Sant'Eusebio]] and the [[Cardinal Vicar]] of Rome by [[Pope Clement VIII]]. He was elected as Pope in 1605, following the death of [[Pope Leo XI]]. Pope Paul V was known for being stern and unyielding, defending the privileges of the Church. He met with Galileo Galilei in 1616 and was involved in the controversy over [[heliocentrism]]. He canonized and beatified several individuals during his papacy and created 60 cardinals in ten consistories.
His insistence on ecclesiastical jurisdiction led to conflicts with secular governments, notably with [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], which resulted in an [[Venetian Interdict|interdict on the city]] in 1606. This disagreement was eventually mediated by [[Kingdom of France|France]] and [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]] in 1607. Pope Paul V's diplomacy also strained relations with [[Kingdom of England|England]], as his actions were perceived as undermining moderate Catholics in the country.
In Rome, he financed the completion of [[St. Peter's Basilica]], improved the [[Vatican Library]], and restored the ancient [[Roman aqueduct]] [[Aqua Traiana]]. Pope Paul V established the [[Banco di Santo Spirito]] in 1605 and is also known for fostering the rise of the [[Borghese family]] through [[nepotism]]. He died on 28 January 1621, after suffering from a series of strokes and was succeeded by [[Pope Gregory XV]].
==Early life==
Camillo Borghese was born in [[Rome]] on 17 September 1550 into the [[Borghese
===Cardinal===
In June 1596 Camillo was made the
Clement VIII also bestowed upon him [[episcopal consecration]] in 1597 after his appointment as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of
==Papacy==
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===Election===
{{main|May 1605 papal conclave}}
When [[Pope Leo XI]] died, 1605, Cardinal Borghese became pope over a number of candidates including [[Caesar Baronius]] and [[Robert
In character he was very stern and unyielding, a lawyer rather than diplomat, who defended the privileges of the Church to his utmost. His first act was to send home to their [[diocese|see]]s the bishops who were sojourning in Rome, for the [[Council of Trent]] had insisted that every bishop reside in his diocese.<ref name=Loughlin/>
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===Consistories===
{{main|Cardinals created by Paul V}}
The pope created 60 cardinals in ten consistories held during his pontificate. He named his nephew [[Scipione Borghese]] as a cardinal (continuing the trend of nepotism) and also named
===Foreign relations===
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====Ecclesiastical jurisdiction====
{{Main|Venetian Interdict}}
Paul's insistence of ecclesiastical jurisdiction led to a number of quarrels between the Church and the secular governments of various states, notably [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], where patricians, such as Ermolao Barbaro (1548–1622) of the noble [[Barbaro family]], argued in favor of the exemption of the clergy from the jurisdiction of the civil courts. Venice passed two laws obnoxious to Paul, one forbidding the alienation of real estate in favour of the clergy, the second demanding approval of the civil power for the building of new churches.<ref name=Loughlin/> Two priests charged by the Venetian state with cruelty, wholesale poisoning, murder and licentiousness, were arrested by the [[Venetian Senate]] and put in dungeons for trial. Having been found guilty, they were committed to prison.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}
Paul V insisted that they be released to the Church. He demanded the release of the priests as not being amenable to the secular law. When this was refused, the Pope threatened an [[interdict]] on account of the property laws and the imprisonment of ecclesiastics, which threat was presented to the Senate on Christmas 1605. The Venetian position was ably defended by a canon lawyer, [[Paolo Sarpi]], who extended the matter to general principles defining separate secular and ecclesiastical spheres. In April 1606 the Pope [[excommunication|excommunicated]] the entire government of Venice and placed an [[Venetian Interdict|interdict]] on the city. Father Sarpi strongly advised the Venetian government to refuse to receive the Pope's interdict, and to reason with him while opposing force by force. The Venetian Senate willingly accepted this advice and Fra Paolo presented the case to Paul V, urging from history that the Pope's claim to intermeddle in civil matters was a usurpation; and that in these matters the Republic of Venice recognized no authority but that of God. The rest of the Catholic clergy sided with the city, with the exception of the [[Jesuits]], the [[Theatines]], and the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchins]]. The dissenting clergy were forthwith expelled from Venetian territories. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]]es continued to be said in Venice, and the feast of [[Corpus Christi (feast)|Corpus Christi]] was celebrated with displays of public pomp and "magnificence", in defiance of the Pope. Within a year (March 1607) the disagreement was mediated by [[Kingdom of France|France]] and [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]]. The
The Venetian Republic rewarded Fra Paulo Sarpi, its successful canon lawyer, with the distinction of state counsellor in jurisprudence and the liberty of access to the state archives, which infuriated Pope Paul. In September 1607, after unsuccessfully attempting to lure Father Sarpi to Rome, the Pope responded by putting out a contract on his life.<ref>Watson, J. Henry, ''The History of Fra Paolo Sarpi'', New York: La Croce (1911)</ref> Father Sarpi was the target of at least two assassination plots in September and October. Stabbed three times with a [[stiletto]],<ref>Whitfield, John Humphreys and Woodhouse, John Robert. ''A Short History of Italian Literature'', Manchester University Press, 1980, p. 187</ref> Fra Sarpi somehow managed to recover, while the assassins found refuge in the Papal
====Relations with England====
Paul V's hard-edged Catholic diplomacy cut the ground from under moderate [[Catholics]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]]. His letter of 9 July 1606 to congratulate [[James I of England|James I]] on his accession to the throne was three years late and seemed to English eyes merely a preamble to what followed, and his reference to the [[Gunpowder Plot]], made against the life of the monarch and all the members of [[Parliament of
[[File:0 Basilique Saint-Pierre - Rome (2).JPG|thumb|right|300px|Facade of St. Peter's Basilica]]
====Relations with Japan====
[[File:San Juan Batista.jpg|thumb|left|Pope Paul V welcoming the embassy of the Japanese samurai [[Hasekura Tsunenaga]] in [[Rome]] in 1615.<br> Japanese painting, 17th century.]]
In November 1615, Paul V welcomed the embassy of the Japanese samurai [[Hasekura Tsunenaga]] in [[Rome]].<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Louis-Frédéric |last=Nussbaum |first= Louis-Frédéric|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA412 |page=412 |title=Japan Encyclopedia |isbn=9780674017535 |year=2002 |publisher=Harvard University Press }}</ref>
Hasekura gave the Pope a letter (from [[Date Masamune]]) which requested a trade treaty between Japan and [[New Spain]]. The letter also asked for Christian missionaries to be sent to Japan. The Pope agreed to the dispatch of missionaries, but left the decision for trade to the [[King of Spain]].
[[File:Emanuele Ne Vunda Sala dei Corazzieri Palazzo Ducale.jpg|thumb|upright|Painting of [[Emanuele Ne Vunda]], ambassador from [[Alvaro II]] to Pope Paul V in 1604–1608, Sala dei Corazzieri, [[
===Constructions===
In Rome, the pope financed the completion of [[St. Peter's Basilica]], and improved the [[Vatican Library]], separating out the [[Vatican Apostolic Archive]]s. He restored the [[Aqua Traiana]], an ancient
Paul V also established the [[Bank of the Holy Spirit]] in 1605.
===Death===
Paul V died on 28 January 1621 of a [[stroke]] in the [[Quirinal Palace]] and was succeeded as pope by [[Pope Gregory XV]]. The pope had been ill for more than three months following a series of strokes, and died six hours following his last stroke the morning of his death. He was interred in the basilica of [[Santa Maria Maggiore]].
===Episcopal succession===
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While bishop, he was the [[principal consecrator]] of:<ref name=CathHierCamBorg>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bborc.html "Bishop Pope Paul V
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
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* [[Roberto Francesco Romolo Bellarmino]], [[Archbishop of Capua]] (1602);
* [[Bonviso Bonvisi]], [[Archbishop of Bari-Canosa]] (1602); and
* [[Simeone Tagliavia
}}
|}
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==References==
* James I, ''De Triplici Nodo, Triplex Cuneus
* Stephen A. Coston, ''King James VI & I and Papal Opposition'', 1998.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Pope, V}}
{{Portalbar|Biography|Catholicism|Christianity|History|Italy}}
[[Category:Pope Paul V| ]]
[[Category:Popes|Paul 5]]
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[[Category:University of Perugia alumni]]
[[Category:University of Padua alumni]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian nobility]]
[[Category:
[[Category:1621 deaths|Paul 5]]
[[Category:16th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops]]
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