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{{Short description|Instrument for measuring, keeping or indicating time}}
{{redirect|Timepiece|other uses|Clock (disambiguation)|and|Timepiece (disambiguation)}}
{{redirect|Clocks|song by Coldplay|Clocks (song)}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
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| image2 = Casio F-91W 82T38575.jpg
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| caption2 = [[Casio F-91W]] [[digital clock|digital watch]],
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703112705/https://books.google.com/books?id=xYhlNoUu-toC&q=verge+escapement+technology
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}}, pp. 103–104.</ref><ref name="Marrison">{{cite journal|last=Marrison|first=Warren|title=The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock|journal=Bell System Technical Journal|year=1948|volume=27|issue=3|pages=510–588|url=http://timepieceperfection.com/THE-BELL-SYSTEM.pdf|access-date=10 November 2014|doi=10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110143908/http://timepieceperfection.com/THE-BELL-SYSTEM.pdf|archive-date=November 10, 2014 | issn = 0005-8580 }}</ref><ref name="Cipolla">{{cite book|last=Cipolla|first=Carlo M.|title=Clocks and Culture, 1300 to 1700|year=2004|publisher=W.W. Norton & Co.|isbn=978-0-393-32443-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSf9MVxa2JEC&q=verge+escapement+technology&pg=PA31|access-date=October 30, 2020|archive-date=July 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703112708/https://books.google.com/books?id=YSf9MVxa2JEC&q=verge+escapement+technology&pg=PA31|url-status=live}}, p. 31.</ref><ref name="White">{{cite book
| last = White
| first = Lynn Jr.
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The word
==History of time-measuring devices==
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The next development in accuracy occurred after 1656 with the invention of the [[pendulum clock]]. [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]] had the idea to use a swinging bob to regulate the motion of a time-telling device earlier in the 17th century. [[Christiaan Huygens]], however, is usually credited as the inventor. He determined the mathematical formula that related pendulum length to time (about 99.4 cm or 39.1 inches for the one second movement) and had the first pendulum-driven clock made. The first model clock was built in 1657 in [[the Hague]], but it was in England that the idea was taken up.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=2324&HistoryID=ac08>rack=pthc|title=History of Clocks|access-date=December 6, 2013|archive-date=December 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210183625/http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=2324&HistoryID=ac08>rack=pthc|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[longcase clock]] (also known as the ''grandfather clock'') was created to house the pendulum and works by the English clockmaker William Clement in 1670 or 1671. It was also at this time that clock cases began to be made of wood and [[clock face]]s to use [[Vitreous enamel|enamel]] as well as hand-painted ceramics.
In 1670, William Clement created the [[anchor escapement]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa072801a.htm |title=The History of Mechanical Pendulum Clocks and Quartz Clocks |work=about.com |year=2012 |access-date=16 June 2012 |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528165701/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-mechanical-pendulum-clocks-4078405
===Hairspring===
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}}</ref>
* In mechanical clocks, this is either a pendulum or a [[balance wheel]].
* In some early electronic clocks and watches such as the [[Accutron]],
* In [[quartz clock]]s and watches, it is a [[crystal oscillator|quartz crystal]].
* In [[atomic clock]]s, it is the vibration of electrons in atoms as they emit microwaves.
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=== Folklore and superstition ===
[[File:Skull Watch 160824001.jpg|thumb|A seventeenth century watch in the shape of a skull]]
In the [[United Kingdom]], clocks are associated with various beliefs, many involving death or bad luck. In legends, clocks have reportedly stopped of their own accord upon a nearby person's death, especially those of monarchs. The clock in the [[House of Lords]] supposedly stopped at "nearly" the hour of [[George III]]'s death in 1820, the one at [[Balmoral Castle]] stopped during the hour of [[Queen Victoria]]'s death, and similar legends are related about clocks associated with [[William IV]] and [[Elizabeth I]].<ref>{{Cite book |
In Chinese culture, [[Homophonic puns in Mandarin Chinese#Gifts|giving a clock]] ({{zh|t=送鐘|s=送钟|first=t|p=sòng zhōng}}) is often taboo, especially to the elderly, as it [[Faux pas derived from Chinese pronunciation#Clock|is a homophone]] of the act of attending another's funeral ({{zh|t={{linktext|送終}}|s={{linktext|送终}}|first=t|p=sòngzhōng}}).<ref>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Ju|title=China, Japan, Korea Culture and Customs|year=2006|page=57}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Seligman|first=Scott D.|title=Chinese business etiquette:: a guide to protocol, manners, and culture in the People's Republic of China|year=1999|publisher=Hachette Digital, Inc.}}</ref><ref>http://www.sohu.com/a/160882715_578225 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233649/http://www.sohu.com/a/160882715_578225 |date=January 5, 2018 }} 别人过节喜庆的时候, 不送钟表.送终和送钟谐音.</ref>
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* [[Sundial]]
* [[Torsion pendulum clock]]
** [[Atmos clock]]
* [[Water clock]]
|style="width:30%;vertical-align:top"| <!-- by function -->
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* [[Alarm clock]]
* [[Binary clock]]
* [[Braille watch]]
* [[Chronometer watch]]
* [[Cuckoo clock]]
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* Robinson, Tom. ''The Longcase Clock''. Suffolk, England: Antique Collector's Club (1981).
* Smith, Alan. ''The International Dictionary of Clocks''. London: Chancellor Press (1996).
* {{cite book |last1=Stephens |first1=Carlene E. |title=On Time: How America Has Learned to Live by the Clock |date=2002 |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |location=Boston |isbn=0-8212-2779-3 |edition=First}}
* Tardy. ''French Clocks the World Over''. Part I and II. Translated with the assistance of Alexander Ballantyne. Paris: Tardy (1981).
* {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Anthony J. |year=1984 |title=The Time Museum |volume =I: ''Time Measuring Instruments''|isbn=0-912947-01-2 |publisher=The Museum |location=Rockford, IL |oclc =159866762}}
* [[Joella Yoder|Yoder, Joella Gerstmeyer]]. ''Unrolling Time: Christiaan Huygens and the Mathematization of Nature''. New York: Cambridge University Press (1988).
* Zea, Philip, & Robert Cheney. ''Clock Making in New England: 1725–1825''. Old Sturbridge Village (1992).
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* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Clocks |volume= VI | pages=13-35 |short=1}}
* {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Clock |volume= 6 |pages=536-553 |short=1}}
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/73581 Blackboard clock]
{{Commons category}}
{{Time topics}}
{{Time measurement and standards}}
{{Authority control}}
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