Clock: Difference between revisions

| caption2 = [[Casio F-91W]] [[digital clock|digital watch]], onea of the mosthistorically popular watches everwatch

}}, pp. 103–104.</ref><ref name="Marrison">{{cite journal|last=Marrison|first=Warren|title=The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock|journal=Bell System Technical Journal|year=1948|volume=27|issue=3|pages=510–588|url=http://timepieceperfection.com/THE-BELL-SYSTEM.pdf|access-date=10 November 2014|doi=10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110143908/http://timepieceperfection.com/THE-BELL-SYSTEM.pdf|archive-date=November 10, 2014 | issn = 0005-8580 }}</ref><ref name="Cipolla">{{cite book|last=Cipolla|first=Carlo M.|title=Clocks and Culture, 1300 to 1700|year=2004|publisher=W.W. Norton & Co.|isbn=978-0-393-32443-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSf9MVxa2JEC&q=verge+escapement+technology&pg=PA31|access-date=October 30, 2020|archive-date=July 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703112708/https://books.google.com/books?id=YSf9MVxa2JEC&q=verge+escapement+technology&pg=PA31|url-status=live}}, p. 31.</ref><ref name="White">{{cite book

The word derivesis also derived from the [[Middle English]] {{lang|enm|clokke}}, [[Old French|Old North French]] {{lang|fro|cloque}}, or [[Middle Dutch]] {{lang|dum|clocke}}, all of which mean 'bell'.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dpogi |first1=Edmon |title=Interesting Facts about Clocks |url=https://factbud.com/interesting-facts-about-clocks/ |website=Fact Bud}}</ref>

In 1670, William Clement created the [[anchor escapement]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa072801a.htm |title=The History of Mechanical Pendulum Clocks and Quartz Clocks |work=about.com |year=2012 |access-date=16 June 2012 |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528165701/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-mechanical-pendulum-clocks-4078405 |url-status=unfit}}</ref> an improvement over Huygens' crown escapement. Clement also introduced the pendulum suspension spring in 1671. The concentric minute hand was added to the clock by [[Daniel Quare]], a London clockmaker and others, and the second hand was first introduced.

* In some early electronic clocks and watches such as the [[Accutron]], itthey isuse a [[tuning fork]].

In the [[United Kingdom]], clocks are associated with various beliefs, many involving death or bad luck. In legends, clocks have reportedly stopped of their own accord upon a nearby person's death, especially those of monarchs. The clock in the [[House of Lords]] supposedly stopped at "nearly" the hour of [[George III]]'s death in 1820, the one at [[Balmoral Castle]] stopped during the hour of [[Queen Victoria]]'s death, and similar legends are related about clocks associated with [[William IV]] and [[Elizabeth I]].<ref>{{Cite book |lastlast1=Opie |firstfirst1=Iona |title=A Dictionary of Superstitions |last2=Tatem |first2=Moira |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=9780760714829 |publication-date=1990 |pages=84-584–5}}</ref> Many superstitions exist about clocks. One stopping before a person has died may foretell coming death.<ref>{{Cite book |lastlast1=Opie |firstfirst1=Iona |title=A Dictionary of Superstitions |last2=Tatem |first2=Moira |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=9780760714829 |publication-date=1990 |pages=85}}</ref> Similarly, if a clock strikes during a church hymn or a marriage ceremony, death or calamity is prefigured for the parishioners or a spouse, respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |lastlast1=Opie |firstfirst1=Iona |title=A Dictionary of Superstitions |last2=Tatem |first2=Moira |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=9780760714829 |publication-date=1990 |pages=85-685–6}}</ref> Death or ill events are foreshadowed if a clock strikes the wrong time. It may also be unlucky to have a clock face a fire or to speak while a clock is striking.<ref>{{Cite book |lastlast1=Opie |firstfirst1=Iona |title=A Dictionary of Superstitions |last2=Tatem |first2=Moira |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=9780760714829 |publication-date=1990 |pages=84-684–6}}</ref>

* [[Joella Yoder|Yoder, Joella Gerstmeyer]]. ''Unrolling Time: Christiaan Huygens and the Mathematization of Nature''. New York: Cambridge University Press (1988).