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Line 11: \| author = [[Sisana Sisane]] \| lyrics_date = 1975 \| composer = [[Thongdy Sounthonevichit]] \| music_date = 1941 \| adopted = 1945 Line 18: \| sound_title = [[U.S. Navy Band]] instrumental version }} "'''Pheng Xat Lao'''" ({{~~Lang-~~Langx\|lo\|ເພງຊາດລາວ}} {{IPA-all\|pʰeŋ saːt laːw\|}}, "~~Hymn~~Song of the Lao People") is the [[national anthem]] of the [[Laos\|Lao People's Democratic Republic]]. It was written and composed in 1941 by Thongdy Sounthonevichit. It was adopted as the national anthem of the [[Kingdom of Laos]] in 1945. The original lyrics were revised after the Communists triumphed in the [[Laotian Civil War]] and established the Lao People's Democratic Republic in 1975, with the new lyrics written by [[Sisana Sisane]].<ref name=CIA/> ==History== [[File:HYMNES et PAVILLONS DʼINDOCHINE 1941 Leaders flags anthems of French Indochina WW2 Vichy France 52 LUANG-PRABANG Le Patriote Lao Hymne national Laotien Thong Dy 03 - IDEO. Hanoi Unidentified author designer No know copyright.jpg\|thumb\|left\|200px\|''"Lao Hak Xat"'' or ''"the patriotic Laos"'' ({{langx\|lo\|ລາວຮັກຊາຕ}}, {{langx\|fr\|Le Patriote Lao}}), the original lyrics of ''Pheng Xat Lao'' written by Maha Phoumi Chittaphong, published in ''Hymnes & pavillons dʼIndochine'', December 1941.]] Long a tributary state of [[Thailand\|Siam]], in 1893 Laos became a [[French protectorate of Laos\|protectorate]] of [[France]] within [[French colonial empire\|its colonial empire]]. The French claimed their annexation was to protect Laos from "hostile neighbors" such as [[Qing dynasty\|China]] and especially Siam, which had been militarily forced to cede Laos to the European colonial power. In reality, France simply ruled Laos as a colony, even bringing in many Vietnamese to work in its governing. The transferring of control from one master to another meant that nationalist sentiment did not develop as it did in formerly independent Vietnam. However, the outbreak of the [[World War II\|Second World War]] soon saw the [[Battle of France\|fall of France]] to [[Nazi Germany]]. The new right-wing government in Siam saw this as a possible opportunity to regain formerly Thai territory lost to France, especially the land located on the Thai side of the Mekong River. To counteract this, the French colonial government began promoting Lao nationalism.<ref name=LP>{{cite web\|title=History of Laos\|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/laos/history\|access-date=May 8, 2013\|publisher=Lonely Planet}}</ref> Because of this liberalization, many patriotic songs were now composed, each one emphasizing Lao "uniqueness".<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8hy1pzrc0sC&pg=PA137\|title=Youth Mobilization in Vichy Indochina and Its Legacies: 1940 to 1970\|publisher=Lexington Books\|year=2005\|last=Raffin\|first=Anne\|pages=137–38\|isbn=9780739111468\|access-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> ''"Pheng Xat Lao"'' was one of them, having been composed by ~~Dr.~~ Thongdy Sounthonevichit in 1941.<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qkuSVaUuiVgC&q=pheng+xat+lao&pg=PA69\|title=Laos in Pictures\|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books\|year=2007\|last=Doedan\|first=Matt\|pages=69\|isbn=9780822565901\|access-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> with lyrics written by Maha Phoumi under the name ''"Lao Hak Xat"'' (the patriotic Laos).<ref>{{cite web\|title=ປະເທດລາວ ໑໙໕໐ Laos mil neuf cent cinquante\|url=https://sayasackp.free.fr/traite.htm\|access-date=January 18, 2023\|work=Hymnn Lao\|publisher=Government of Laos\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028211230/https://sayasackp.free.fr/traite.htm \|archive-date=2012-10-28 }}</ref> It was chosen as the national anthem in 1945,<ref name=CIA>{{cite web\|title=Laos\|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/laos/\|access-date=May 9, 2013\|work=The World Factbook\|publisher=CIA}}</ref> when the king was forced by the Japanese occupiers to declare Laos independent from French rule. This new freedom was short-lived, since France quickly regained control of [[French Indochina]] after [[Japan's surrender]] in 1945.<ref name=LP/> In 1947, France granted limited autonomy to Laos within the [[French Union]], and ''"Pheng Xat Lao"'' again became the national anthem.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia\|editor-first=Stanley I.\|editor-last=Kutler\|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War\|title=Laos\|url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=WHIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CBT2336200278&mode=view\|access-date=May 9, 2013\|year=1996\|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons\|location=New York}} '''{{subscription required}}'''</ref> When the [[Pathet Lao]] emerged victorious in the [[Laotian Civil War]] in 1975, thanks to major [[North Vietnam]]ese assistance, the new Communist government abolished the monarchy and changed the lyrics to reflect the ideology of the Marxist government.<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a72gff91-u0C&q=laos+national+anthem&pg=PA133\|title=Spirits of the place: Buddhism and Lao religious culture\|publisher=University of Hawaii Press\|year=2009\|last=Holt\|first=John Clifford\|pages=133\|isbn=9780824833275\|access-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> As a result, the anthem became all-encompassing, mentioning all [[List of ethnic groups in Laos\|ethnic groups in Laos]], instead of focussing on the [[Lao people\|Lao race]] and [[Buddhism]]. However, the melody was retained.<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBquBoKAytYC&q=laos+national+anthem&pg=PA1780\|title=Revolution, Reform and Regionalism in Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam\|publisher=Routledge\|date=January 11, 2013\|last=St. John\|first=Ronald Bruce\|isbn=9781134003464\|access-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> Line 35 ⟶ 37: !English translation{{cn\|date=August 2018}} \|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;" \|<poem>{{lang\|~~lao~~lo\|ຊາດລາວຕັ້ງແຕ່ໃດມາ ລາວທຸກທົ່ວຫນ້າເຊີດຊູສຸດໃຈ ຮ່ວມແຮງຮ່ວມຈິດຮ່ວມໃຈ Line 53 ⟶ 55: ພາຊາດກ້າວໄປສູ່ຄວາມວັດທະນາ}}</poem> \|<poem>{{transl\|lo\|ALA-LC\|italic=no\|Sāt Lāo tangtǣ daimā Lāo thuk ~~thūan~~thūa nā sœ̄t sū sutchai, Hūam hǣng, hūam chit, hūam chai, samakkhi kan pen kamlang dīao. Det dīao phǭmkan kāonā, būsā sū kīat khǭng Lāo, Songsœ̄m sai sit pen chao Line 64 ⟶ 66: Bǭ hai phūak chakkaphat læ phūak khaj sāt khao mā lopkhūan, Lāo thang mūan sū ēkalāt, itsalaphāp khǭng sāt Lāo wai Tatsinchai sū sing ao sai phā sāt kāo pai sū khūam watthanā.}}</poem> \|<poem>{{IPA\|wrap=none\|[saːt̚ laːw taŋ.tɛː daj.maː] [laːw tʰuk̚ tʰuːə̯n naː sɤːt̚ suː sut̚.t͡ɕaj] [huːə̯m hɛːŋ huːə̯m t͡ɕit̚ huːə̯m t͡ɕaj] Line 108 ⟶ 110: {\| class="wikitable" ![[Lao language\|Lao]] original !'''[[Romanization of Lao\|Romanization]]''' !Literal English translation !Poetic English translation (singable) \|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;" \|<poem>{{lang\|lo\|ຊາຕລາວຕັ້ງແຕ່ເດີມມາ ~~\|<poem>{{lang\|lao\|ຊາດລາວຕັ້ງແຕ່ເດີມມາ~~ ຂຶ້ນຊື່ລືຊາຢູ່ໃນອາຊີ ຊາວລາວຜູກພັນໄມຕຣີ ຮ່ວມສາມັຄຄີຮັກຫໍ່ໂຮມກັນ ~~ຮ່ວມສາມັກຄີຮັກຫໍ່ໂຮມກັນ~~ ຮັກຊາຕຮັກປະເທສເຮົາ ~~ຮັກຊາດຮັກປະເທດເຮົາ~~ ຮັກເຈົ້າປົກເກສເກສາ ~~ຮັກເຈົ້າປົກເກດເກສາ~~ ໂຮມຮັກຮ່ວມສາສນາ ແຕ່ບູຮານມາຮັກສາດິນແດນ ບໍ່ໃຫ້ຊາຕໃດມາລວນ ~~ບໍ່ໃຫ້ຊາດໃດມາລວນ~~ ຮາວີຮົບກວນຍາດແຍ່ງຊີງເອົາ ໃຜຂືນເຂົ້າມາລູ່ວຸ່ນວາຍ ສູ້ຈົນຕົວຕາຍຕ້ານທານສັຕຣູ ~~ສູ້ຈົນຕົວຕາຍຕ້ານທານສັດຕຣູ~~ ຊ່ວຍເຊີດຊູເລືອດເນື້ອເຊື້ອເຜົ່າ ຟື້ນຟູກູ້ເອົາບັຣເທົາທຸກຂ໌ກັນ}}</poem> ~~ຟື້ນຟູກູ້ເອົາບັນເທົາທຸກກັນ}}</poem>~~ \|<poem>Sāt Lāo tangtǣ dœ̄mmā Khưn sư lư sā yūnai āsi Sāo Lāo phūkphan maitri Hūam sāmakkhi hak hō̜ ōmkan. Haksat hak pathēt hao Hak chao pak kēt kēsā Hōm hak hūam sāsanā Tǣ būhān mā hak sā tindǣn. Bō̜ hai sāt dai mā luān Hā vi hab kuān nyāt nyǣng sing ao Phai khưn khao mā lū vunvāi Su chan tao tāi tān thān sattrū. Sūay sœ̄t su lư̄at nư̄a sư̄a phao Phư̄n phū kū ao banthao thuk kan.</poem> \|<poem>In the old days, our [[Lao people]] Were famous all over [[Asia]]. Line 134 ⟶ 154: Still today, they love their people and [[Laos\|country]] And rally around their [[List of monarchs of Laos\|~~leaders~~Kings]]. They preserve the [[Theravada Buddhism\|religion]] of their fathers, And protect the soil of their ancestors. Line 145 ⟶ 165: All together, they can restore the ancient glory of their blood, and they will stand together in the [[List of wars involving Laos\|days of danger]].</poem> \|<poem>Once our Laotian race ~~in Asia~~ ~~Highly~~In Asia highly honored stood And at that time the folk ~~of Laos~~ ~~Were~~Of Laos were united in love Today they love their race And rally round their chiefs They guard the land and the ~~religion~~ OfReligion of their ancestors They will resist each foe Who may oppress them or invade And such invaders will ~~be met~~ ~~With~~Be met with battle unto death They'll restore the fame of Laos Line 181 ⟶ 201: {{Authority control}} [[Category:~~Laotian~~Music ~~music~~of Laos]] [[Category:National anthems]] [[Category:National symbols of Laos]] [[Category:1941 songs]] [[Category:Asian anthems]] [[Category:~~National anthem compositions~~Compositions in F major]] [[Category:Communist songs]]