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Most people with Takayasu’s arteritis respond to [[steroids]] such as [[prednisone]]. The usual starting dose is approximately 1 milligram per kilogram of body weight per day (for most people, this is approximately 60 milligrams a day). Because of the significant [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effects]] of long-term high-dose prednisone use, the starting dose is tapered over several weeks to a dose which controls symptoms while limiting the side effects of steroids.{{cn|date=October 2020}}
Promising results are achieved with [[mycophenolate]] and [[tocilizumab]].<ref>Singh, Ambrish et al., Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in treatment of Takayasu arteritis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Mod Rheumatol. 2020;31:1-20 doi: [https://doi.org/10.1080/14397595.2020.1724671 10.1080/14397595.2020.1724671] </ref> If treatment is not kept to a high standard, long-term damage or death can occur.{{cn|date=September 2021}}
Patients who do not respond to steroids may require revascularization, either via [[vascular bypass]] or [[Angioplasty|angioplasty and stenting]]. Outcomes following revascularization vary depending on the severity of the underlying disease. <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ishikawa|first1=K|last2=Maetani|first2=S|title=Long-term outcome for 120 Japanese patients with Takayasu's disease. Clinical and statistical analyses of related prognostic factors.|journal=Circulation|date=October 1994|volume=90|issue=4|pages=1855–60|pmid=7923672|doi=10.1161/01.cir.90.4.1855|doi-access=free}}</ref>
==History==
The first case of Takayasu’s arteritis was described in 1908 by Japanese [[ophthalmologist]] [[Mikito Takayasu]] at the Annual Meeting of the Japan Ophthalmology Society.<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|2722}}</ref><ref>M. Takayasu. A case with peculiar changes of the central retinal vessels. ''Acta Societatis ophthalmologicae Japonicae'', Tokyo 1908, 12: 554.</ref> Takayasu described a peculiar "wreathlike" appearance of the [[blood vessel]]s in the back of the eye ([[retina]]). Two [[Japan]]ese physicians at the same meeting (Drs. Onishi and Kagoshima) reported similar eye findings in individuals whose [[Pulse|wrist pulse]]s were absent.{{cn|date=September 2021}}
It is now known that the blood vessel malformations that occur in the retina are an [[Angiogenesis|angiogenic]] response to the arterial narrowings in the neck and that the absence of pulses noted in some people occurs because of narrowings of the blood vessels to the arms. The eye findings described by Takayasu are rarely seen in patients from [[North America]] and British Columbia.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}
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