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===Common causes===
[[File:Hepatitis C.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Hepatitis C Viral Particles and the Liver]]
* [[Alcoholic liver disease]] (ALD, or alcoholic cirrhosis) develops for 10–20% of individuals who drink heavily for a decade or more.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cirrhosis of the Liver |url=https://liverfoundation.org/for-patients/about-the-liver/diseases-of-the-liver/cirrhosis/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=American Liver Foundation}}</ref> Alcohol seems to injure the liver by blocking the normal metabolism of protein, fats, and carbohydrates.<ref name=":8" /> This injury happens through the formation of [[acetaldehyde]] from alcohol. Acetaldehyde is reactive
* In [[non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]] (NAFLD), fat builds up in the liver and eventually causes scar tissue.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book | vauthors = Machado MV, Diehl AM | chapter = Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | pages = 369–390 | veditors = Sanyal AJ, Boyer TD, Terrault NA, Lindor KD |date=2018 |title=Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology |doi=10.1016/c2013-0-19055-1| isbn = 9780323375917 }}</ref> This type of disorder can be caused by obesity (40% of cases), diabetes, malnutrition, coronary artery disease, and steroids.<ref name=":15" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Golabi P, Paik JM, Arshad T, Younossi Y, Mishra A, Younossi ZM | title = Mortality of NAFLD According to the Body Composition and Presence of Metabolic Abnormalities | journal = Hepatology Communications | volume = 4 | issue = 8 | pages = 1136–1148 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32766474 | pmc = 7395070 | doi = 10.1002/hep4.1534 }}</ref> Though similar in signs to alcoholic liver disease, no history of notable alcohol use is found. Blood tests and medical imaging are used to diagnose NAFLD and NASH, and sometimes a liver biopsy is needed.<ref name="NIHDiagnosis">{{cite web |title=Diagnosis of NAFLD & NASH {{!}} NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/diagnosis |website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |access-date=9 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304223353/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/diagnosis |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Chronic [[hepatitis C]], infection with the [[hepatitis C virus]], causes inflammation of the liver and a variable grade of damage to the organ.<ref name=":9" /> Over several decades, this inflammation and damage can lead to cirrhosis. Among patients with chronic hepatitis C, 20–30% develop cirrhosis.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":14" /> Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C and alcoholic liver disease are the most common reasons for liver transplant.<ref name=":14" />
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