Mario Buda: Difference between revisions

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m Bombings: Linking Milwaukee bombing, correcting death toll to match link.
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== Bombings ==
 
In September 1917, a pastor held a patriotism rally near a local Galleanist meeting spot in [[Milwaukee]]'s [[Bay View, Milwaukee|Bay View]] neighborhood. When the anarchists disrupted the rally, police fired on the demonstrators, killing two, arresting 11, and leading to a raid on the Galleanists. Incensed by this [[Bay View incident]], Buda traveled to Chicago, the center of [[Midwest]] Italian anarchism, where he made plans to retaliate{{sfn|Avrich|1996|pp=104–105}} and worked for several months.{{sfn|Avrich|1996|p=66}} In November 1917, a retaliatory bomb was left in the Milwaukee pastor's church and transported for inspection to the city's police station, where it [[Milwaukee Police Department bombing|exploded]], killing 1110. Though the bombmaker was never identified, historian of anarchism [[Paul Avrich]] wrote that Buda was most likely responsible for the attack with assistance from his comrade Carlo Valdinoci, who had been living in [[Youngstown]].{{sfn|Avrich|1996|p=105}}
 
Operating under the pseudonym "Mario Rusca", Buda was likely also involved in the [[Youngstown dynamite plot|Youngstown plot]] to supply Ella Antolini with a suitcase of dynamite in January 1918 to deliver from Ohio to Milwaukee for use in further attacks.{{sfn|Avrich|1996|p=109}} The plot was uncovered and foiled before the train arrived in Chicago.{{sfn|Avrich|1996|p=111}} As the police arrested others in affiliation with the plot, Buda left town and was never questioned in relation to the case.{{sfn|Avrich|1996|p=121}} He retreated to [[Iron River, Michigan]], where he worked under the assumed name "Mike Boda"{{sfn|Avrich|1996|pp=66, 234}} both on the railroad and in selling bootleg whiskey.{{sfn|McCormick|2005|p=24}} Historian Ann Larabee suggested that this iron-mining district might have taught Buda how to use dynamite.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Larabee |first1=Ann |title=[[The Wrong Hands: Popular Weapons Manuals and Their Historic Challenges to a Democratic Society]] |date=2015 |language=English |isbn=978-0-19-020117-3 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |oclc=927145132 |p=46 }}</ref> The Youngstown plot renewed federal interest in the Galleanist newspaper ''[[Cronaca Sovversiva]]''.{{sfn|Avrich|1996|p=122}} The [[Bureau of Investigation]] confiscated correspondence with Buda in a February 1918 raid of the newspaper's offices near Boston.{{sfn|Avrich|1996|p=123}} Buda was not caught in 1918 deportations, having been off the ''Cronaca Sovversiva'' mailing list.{{sfn|McCormick|2005|p=24}} He returned to Boston by early 1919.{{sfn|Avrich|1996|p=137}}