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[[File:BlankMap-World-1921.png|alt=|thumb|296x296px|Boundaries in 1920]]
In the [[history of the 20th century]], the '''interwar period''' (or '''interbellum''') lasted from 11{{nbs}}November 1918 to 1{{nbs}}September 1939 (20{{nbs}}years, 9{{nbs}}months, 21{{nbs}}days) – the end of the [[World War I|First World War]] to the beginning of the [[World War II|Second World War]]. The interwar period was relatively short, yet featured many significant social, political, and economic changes throughout the world. Petroleum-based energy production and associated mechanisation led to the prosperous [[Roaring Twenties]], a time of both [[social mobility|social]] and [[economic mobility]] for the [[middle class]]. [[Automobile]]s, electric lighting, [[radio]], and more became common among populations in the [[developed world]]. The indulgences of the era subsequently were followed by the [[Great Depression]], an unprecedented worldwide economic downturn that severely damaged many of the world's largest economies.
Politically, the era coincided with the rise of [[communism]], starting in Russia with the [[October Revolution]] and [[Russian Civil War]], at the end of World War I, and ended with the rise of [[fascism]], particularly in Germany and Italy. China was in the midst of half-a-century of instability and the [[Chinese Civil War]] between the [[Kuomintang]] and the [[Chinese Communist Party]]. The empires of [[British Empire|Britain]], [[French colonial empire|France]], and others faced challenges as [[imperialism]] was increasingly viewed negatively in Europe, and independence movements emerged in many colonies; for example [[Irish War of Independence|most of Ireland became independent after much fighting.]]
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