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==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis is based on the demonstration of vascular lesions in large and middle-sized vessels on angiography, [[CT scan]], [[magnetic resonance angiography]] or [[Positron emission tomography|FDG PET]].<ref name="Vasculitis in Clinical Medicine">RA Watts et al., "Vasculitis in Clinical Medicine, 2010"</ref> Seeing abnormal diffuse arterial wall thickening, the 'macaroni sign', with [[Medical ultrasound|ultrasound]] is highly suggestive of the condition.<ref name="RussoKatsicas2018">{{cite journal|last1=Russo|first1=Ricardo A. G.|last2=Katsicas|first2=María M.|title=Takayasu Arteritis|journal=Frontiers in Pediatrics|volume=6|year=2018|issn=2296-2360|doi=10.3389/fped.2018.00265}}</ref> FDG PET can help in diagnosis of active inflammation not just in patients with active Takayasu arteritis prior to treatment but also in addition in relapsing patients receiving immunosuppressive agents.<ref name="Shikino" /><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tezuka|first1=Daisuke|last2=Haraguchi|first2=Go|last3=Ishihara|first3=Takashi|last4=Ohigashi|first4=Hirokazu|last5=Inagaki|first5=Hiroshi|last6=Suzuki|first6=Jun-ichi|last7=Hirao|first7=Kenzo|last8=Isobe|first8=Mitsuaki|title=Role of FDG PET-CT in Takayasu Arteritis|journal=JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging|date=April 2012|volume=5|issue=4|pages=422–429|doi=10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.01.013|pmid=22498333}}</ref>
Contrast angiography has been the gold standard. The earliest detectable lesion is a local narrowing or irregularity of the lumen. This may develop into stenosis and occlusion. The characteristic finding is the presence of "skip lesions," where stenosis or aneurysms alternate with normal vessels. Angiography provides information on vessel anatomy and patency but does not provide information on the degree of inflammation in the wall.<ref name="Vasculitis in Clinical Medicine" />
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