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===Pre-colonial coinage===
[[File:Manila Mint Museum, PI Piloncitos.jpg|thumb|alt=Piloncitos, a type of coin used by the pre-colonial peoples of the archipelago|[[Piloncitos]], a type of coin used by the pre-colonial peoples of the archipelago]]
The trade during the pre-colonial tribes of what is now the Philippines did among themselves with its many types of pre-Hispanic kingdoms ([[kedatuan]]s, [[rajah]]nates, wangdoms, [[lakan]]ates and [[sultan]]ates) and with traders from the neighboring islands was conducted through [[barter]]. The inconvenience of barter, however, later led to the use of some objects as a medium of exchange. [[Gold]], which was plentiful in many parts of the islands, invariably found its way into these objects that included the [[Piloncitos]], small bead-like gold bits considered by the local numismatists as the earliest coin of the ancient peoples of the Philippines, and gold barter rings.<ref>[http://www.bsp.gov.ph/bspnotes/evolution/page2.asp Coinage of the Pre-Hispanic Era] Evolution of Philippine Currency. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Retrieved on October 13, 2013.</ref> The original silver currency unit was the rupya or rupiah, brought over by trade with India and Indonesia.
Two native [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] words for money which survive today in Filipino were ''salapi'' and possibly ''pera''. ''Salapi'' is thought to be from ''isa'' (one) + ''rupya'' which would become ''lapia'' when adapted to Tagalog. Alternately, it could be from [[Arabic]] ''asrafi'' (a gold coin, see Persian [[ashrafi]]) or ''sarf'' (money, money exchange). ''Pera'' is thought to be from Malay ''perak'' (silver), which also has a direct cognate or adaptation in Tagalog/Filipino as ''pilak''. Alternately, it could be from 10 and 5 ''[[céntimo]]'' coins of the [[Spanish peseta]], known as the ''[[:es:Perra gorda|perra gorda]]'' and ''[[:es:Perra chica|perra chica]]''.
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