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→Jewish tribes of Medina: Hmm, if we're just going to quote Spencer's favorite hadith, it should be in a separate section. They have nothing to do with the section they were in. |
→Ownership of slaves: info regarding sex with slaves and war captives outside marriage Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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Sociologist [[Rodney Stark]] argues that "the fundamental problem facing Muslim theologians vis-à-vis the morality of slavery is that "Muhammad bought, sold, captured, and owned slaves", and that his followers saw him as the perfect example to emulate. Stark contrasts Islam with [[Christianity]], writing that Christian theologians wouldn't have been able to "work their way around the biblical acceptance of slavery" if [[Jesus]] had owned slaves, as Muhammad did.<ref>Rodney Stark, "For the Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-Hunts, and the End of Slavery", p. 338, 2003, [[Princeton University Press]], {{ISBN|0691114366}}</ref>
Slavery existed in [[pre-Islamic Arabia]], and Muhammad never expressed any intention of abolishing the practice,<ref name="Gordon1989"/><ref name="Levy2000">{{cite book |last=Levy |first=Reuben |date=2000 |title=The Social Structure of Islam |location=NY |publisher=Routledge |chapter=Slavery in Islam |pp=73–90 |isbn=978-0415209106}}</ref> as he saw it "as part of the natural order of things".<ref name="Gordon1989"/><ref name="Levy2000"/> He did want to improve the condition of slaves, and exhorted his followers to treat them more humanely,<ref name="Gordon1989"/><ref name="Levy2000"/> i.e. as human beings as well as property, with kindness and compassion.<ref name="Gordon1989"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oswego.edu/~agyeman/agyeman/process.htm|title=Islam and Slavery|last=|first=|date=|website=[[State University of New York at Oswego]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930023452/http://www.oswego.edu/~agyeman/agyeman/process.htm|archive-date=2018-09-30|dead-url=no|access-date=2018-09-30}}</ref><ref name=BBC/> His decrees greatly limited those who could be enslaved and under what circumstances (including barring Muslims from enslaving other Muslims), allowed slaves to achieve their freedom and made freeing slaves a virtuous act.<ref name=BBC/> He made it legal for his men to marry their slaves and the [[Women in Islam|women]] they captured in war.<ref>See [[Tahfeem ul Qur'an]] by [[Maududi|Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi]], Vol. 2, pp. 112–13, footnote 44; Also see commentary on verses {{Quran-usc-range|23|1|6}}: Vol. 3, notes 7-1, p. 241; 2000, Islamic Publications.</ref><ref name=BBC>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_1.shtml|title=Slavery in Islam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006015406/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_1.shtml |archive-date=6 October 2018|date=7 September 2009|publisher=BBC|access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> He also made it lawful for male masters to have sexual relations with female captives and slaves without marrying them.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_Muhammad&oldid=886283050#cite_note-62</ref><ref>name="Brunschvig">Brunschvig. 'Abd; Encyclopedia of Islam, Brill, page 13.</ref> Muhammad would send his companions like [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Uthman ibn Affan]] to buy slaves to free. Many early converts to Islam were the poor and former slaves like [[Bilal ibn Rabah al-Habashi]].<ref>Ali Ünal, ''The Qur'an with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&pg=PA1323 p. 1323]</ref><ref>[[Encyclopedia of the Qur'an]], Slaves and Slavery</ref><ref>Bilal b. Rabah, ''[[Encyclopedia of Islam]]''</ref>
===Treatment of enemies===
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