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One classmate stated that Loughner had laughed at a young woman and likened her to a [[terrorist]] after she read a poem about getting an [[abortion]].<ref name="McGreal2011-01-10" /><ref name="Lipton2011-01-08" /><ref name="CBSNews2011-01-11" /> Classmates also recalled Loughner as having espoused [[Nihilism|nihilistic]] views.<ref name="CBSNews2011-01-11" /><ref name="Baumann2011-01-10" />
One classmate stated that Loughner had laughed at a young woman and likened her to a [[terrorist]] after she read a poem about getting an [[abortion]].<ref name="McGreal2011-01-10" /><ref name="Lipton2011-01-08" /><ref name="CBSNews2011-01-11" /> Classmates also recalled Loughner as having espoused [[Nihilism|nihilistic]] views.<ref name="CBSNews2011-01-11" /><ref name="Baumann2011-01-10" />


Another former classmate, Caitie Parker, who attended high school and college with Loughner,<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/us/politics/09shooter.html?pagewanted=all</ref> described his political views as "radical."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/01/10/loughners-meltdown-began-adulthood-near-say/ |title=Loughner's Meltdown Began In Adulthood, Those Near Him Say |publisher=Fox News |date=2010-04-07 |accessdate=2012-01-25}}</ref> "As I knew him he was [[left wing]], quite [[Liberalism in the United States|liberal]]," said Parker of Loughner in an online interview with [[Anthony De Rosa]] of [[Reuters]] Media. Parker, a self-described liberal activist and environmentalist,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myspace.com/caitieparker |title=Caitie Parker (Caitie) op Myspace |publisher=Myspace.com |date=2011-12-08 |accessdate=2012-01-25}}</ref> also remembered Loughner as a "pot head" who was "into [[Rock and roll|rock]] like [[Jimi Hendrix|Hendrix]],[[The Doors (band)|The Doors]], [[Anti-Flag]]."<ref>{{cite web|author=Glynnis MacNicol |url=http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-01-08/entertainment/30068235_1_giffords-sign-language-class-jared-loughner |title=Alleged Shooter Jared Loughner May Have Met Rep. Giffords Previously - Business Insider |publisher=Articles.businessinsider.com |date=2011-01-08 |accessdate=2012-01-25}}</ref> Loughner has a history of drug use, having been arrested in September 2007 for possession of [[marijuana]] and drug paraphernalia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/12/national/main7240304.shtml |title=Sheriff Releases Loughner's Arrest Records |publisher=CBS News |date= |accessdate=2012-01-25}}</ref>
Loughner has a history of drug use, having been arrested in September 2007 for possession of [[marijuana]] and drug paraphernalia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/12/national/main7240304.shtml |title=Sheriff Releases Loughner's Arrest Records |publisher=CBS News |date= |accessdate=2012-01-25}}</ref> Lougher was anti-government and pro-gun.


According to an old friend, Bryce Tierney, Loughner had exhibited a longstanding dislike for [[Gabrielle Giffords]], a [[Blue Dog Coalition|Blue Dog]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], stating that women should not hold positions of power.<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/blogs/scocca/archive/2011/01/17/maybe-jared-loughner-was-a-bigot-after-all.aspx |first=Tom |last=Scocca |date=January 17, 2011 |title=Maybe Jared Loughner Was a Bigot, After All}}</ref><ref name="Barry2011-01-15" /> He repeatedly derided Giffords as a "fake". This belief intensified after he attended her August 25, 2007 event when she did not, in his view, sufficiently answer his question: "What is government if words have no meaning?"<ref name="Baumann2011-01-10" /> (Loughner kept Giffords' [[form letter]], which thanked him for attending the 2007 event, in the same box as an envelope which was scrawled with phrases like "die bitch" and "assassination plans have been made".)<ref name="CNN 01-13-11" /> Zane Gutierrez, a friend, later told the ''[[New York Times]]'' that Loughner's anger would also "well up at the sight of [[United States President|President]] [[George W. Bush]], or in discussing what he considered to be the nefarious designs of government."<ref name="Barry2011-01-15" />
According to an old friend, Bryce Tierney, Loughner had exhibited a longstanding dislike for [[Gabrielle Giffords]], a [[Blue Dog Coalition|Blue Dog]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], stating that women should not hold positions of power.<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/blogs/scocca/archive/2011/01/17/maybe-jared-loughner-was-a-bigot-after-all.aspx |first=Tom |last=Scocca |date=January 17, 2011 |title=Maybe Jared Loughner Was a Bigot, After All}}</ref><ref name="Barry2011-01-15" /> He repeatedly derided Giffords as a "fake". This belief intensified after he attended her August 25, 2007 event when she did not, in his view, sufficiently answer his question: "What is government if words have no meaning?"<ref name="Baumann2011-01-10" /> (Loughner kept Giffords' [[form letter]], which thanked him for attending the 2007 event, in the same box as an envelope which was scrawled with phrases like "die bitch" and "assassination plans have been made".)<ref name="CNN 01-13-11" /> Zane Gutierrez, a friend, later told the ''[[New York Times]]'' that Loughner's anger would also "well up at the sight of [[United States President|President]] [[George W. Bush]], or in discussing what he considered to be the nefarious designs of government."<ref name="Barry2011-01-15" />

Revision as of 02:15, 26 January 2012

Jared Lee Loughner
Mug shot of Loughner taken by U.S. Marshals on January 22, 2011
Born (1988-09-10) September 10, 1988 (age 36)
NationalityAmerican
EducationMountain View High School (dropped out)
Pima Community College (withdrew)
Known for2011 Tucson shooting

Jared Lee Loughner (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˈlɒfnər/; born September 10, 1988)[1] is an American man who is charged with the shooting in Tucson, Arizona, on January 8, 2011, that killed six people, including Chief U.S. District Court Judge John Roll. The shooting also left 14 others injured, including U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords.[2] He has been indicted on 49 counts by federal grand juries in Arizona.[3][4]

Personal background

Loughner is the only child of Randy and Amy Loughner.[5][6][7] They were described by a neighbor as a very private family.[5] While Loughner had friends in high school, neighbors noted that in the years following he would keep to himself and not respond to others.[8]

Behavior change

Loughner attended Mountain View High School, and dropped out in 2006.[6] Around this time, those who knew him noted a change in his personality. Kelsey Hawkes, who dated Loughner for several months in high school, would later say she could not believe it was him after hearing of his arrest. "I've always known him as the sweet, caring Jared", said Hawkes, 21, then a student at the University of Arizona.[9]

At some point, Loughner was fired from his job at a Quiznos restaurant, with his manager saying he underwent a personality transformation. After this, Loughner briefly volunteered at a local animal shelter, walking dogs, but he was asked not to return. The shelter manager later said, "He was walking dogs in an area we didn't want dogs walked... He didn't understand or comprehend what the supervisor was trying to tell him. He was just resistant to that information."[10]

According to court records, Loughner had had two previous offenses:[11] in October 2007, he was cited in Pima County for possession of drug paraphernalia (which was dismissed after he completed a diversion program);[citation needed] and on October 13, 2008, he was charged after defacing a street sign in Marana, near Tucson (also dismissed following the completion of a diversion program in March 2009).[10][12]

Drug and alcohol use

Zach Osler, a high school classmate of Loughner's, and his closest friend, indicated that Loughner's life began to unravel after his high school girlfriend broke up with him, and he then began to abuse alcohol and drugs, specifically Salvia divinorum (a natural hallucinogen illegal in many states).[13] Another longtime friend, Kylie Smith, added that he had used cannabis (marijuana), psychedelic mushrooms, and LSD around that same time.[14] Loughner quit using marijuana (as well as alcohol and tobacco) in late 2008 and has not used it since, according to one of his longtime friends.[15] The U.S. Army confirmed that Loughner had been rejected as "unqualified" for service in 2008.[16][17][18] According to military sources, Loughner admitted to marijuana use on numerous occasions during the application process.[6]

Suspension from school

Loughner withdrew from Pima Community College after he was asked to obtain mental health clearance.[19]

From February to September 2010, while a student at Pima Community College, Loughner had five contacts with college police for classroom and library disruptions. On September 29, 2010, college police also discovered a YouTube video shot by Loughner, in which his spoken commentary stated that the college was illegal according to the United States Constitution. He described his school as "one of the biggest scams in America". The video led to Loughner being suspended from the school.[20] The college told Loughner that if he wanted to come back to school, he needed to resolve his code of conduct violations and obtain a mental health clearance (indicating, in the opinion of a mental health professional, that his presence did not constitute a danger to himself or others). On October 4, Loughner and his parents met with campus administrators and Loughner indicated he would withdraw from the college.[19] During Loughner's time at Pima, a teacher and a classmate both said they thought he might commit a school shooting.[21]

Expressed views

Records show that Loughner was registered as an independent voter and voted in 2006 and 2008, but not in 2010.[22][23] Loughner is an atheist.[24][25] A YouTube channel under an account called "Classitup10" was linked to Loughner. (There have been numerous copies of 'impostor accounts' such as 'Classitup10, JaredLoughner and Classitup1O.)[26][27]

One classmate stated that Loughner had laughed at a young woman and likened her to a terrorist after she read a poem about getting an abortion.[24][28][12] Classmates also recalled Loughner as having espoused nihilistic views.[12][15]

Another former classmate, Caitie Parker, who attended high school and college with Loughner,[29] described his political views as "radical."[30] "As I knew him he was left wing, quite liberal," said Parker of Loughner in an online interview with Anthony De Rosa of Reuters Media. Parker, a self-described liberal activist and environmentalist,[31] also remembered Loughner as a "pot head" who was "into rock like Hendrix,The Doors, Anti-Flag."[32] Loughner has a history of drug use, having been arrested in September 2007 for possession of marijuana and drug paraphernalia.[33]

According to an old friend, Bryce Tierney, Loughner had exhibited a longstanding dislike for Gabrielle Giffords, a Blue Dog Democrat, stating that women should not hold positions of power.[34][35] He repeatedly derided Giffords as a "fake". This belief intensified after he attended her August 25, 2007 event when she did not, in his view, sufficiently answer his question: "What is government if words have no meaning?"[15] (Loughner kept Giffords' form letter, which thanked him for attending the 2007 event, in the same box as an envelope which was scrawled with phrases like "die bitch" and "assassination plans have been made".)[36] Zane Gutierrez, a friend, later told the New York Times that Loughner's anger would also "well up at the sight of President George W. Bush, or in discussing what he considered to be the nefarious designs of government."[35]

Loughner's best friend, Zach Osler, said, "He did not watch TV; he disliked the news; he didn't listen to political radio; he didn't take sides; he wasn't on the Left; he wasn't on the Right." Osler also noted that conspiracy theories had a profound effect on Loughner, particularly the online conspiracy theory film Zeitgeist: The Movie, with which friends claimed Loughner held an obsession.[12][37] He was a member of the conspiracy theory message board, "Above Top Secret," although members of the site did not respond warmly to his posts.[38][39][40] Loughner espoused 9/11 conspiracy theories;[35] New World Order conspiracy theories; and beliefs in a 2012 apocalypse, among other controversial viewpoints. Reports appearing after the shooting noted similarities between the statements made by Loughner and the views of conspiracy theorist David Wynn Miller.[41][42][43]

Loughner also became obsessed with controlling what he perceived to be lucid dreams.[13][44][45][46]

Tucson shooting

Main article: 2011 Tucson shooting
Roadside sign at the scene the day of the shooting.

Preparation

Loughner allegedly purchased the 9mm Glock pistol used in the shooting from a Sportsman's Warehouse in Tucson on November 30, 2010.[19] The night before the shooting, he left a message on a friend's voicemail saying, "Hey man, it's Jared. Me and you had good times. Peace out. Later."[15] In a MySpace post the morning of the shooting at 4:12 am, he wrote,

Goodbye friends. Please don't be mad at me. The literacy rate is below 5%. I haven't talked to one person who is literate. I want to make it out alive. The longest war in the history of the United States. Goodbye. I'm saddened with the current currency and job employment. I had a bully at school. Thank you. P.S. --plead the fifth![47]

Photos on the MySpace page showed a close-up picture of a handgun sitting atop a document titled "United States History."[19]

Carrying out the attack

On January 8, 2011, at 7:04 a.m. MST, Loughner went to a Walmart store in the Foothills Mall to purchase ammunition, but left that store and completed his purchase at a Walmart on North Cortaro Road at 7:28 a.m.[35][48] He was stopped by an Arizona Game and Fish Department officer at 7:34 a.m. for running a red light, but once the officer determined there were no outstanding warrants for Loughner, he was allowed to proceed to his destination with a warning to drive carefully.[13][35] Loughner then took a taxi to a Safeway supermarket location in Casas Adobes, where Rep. Giffords was holding a constituents meeting.[35][49] The shooting occurred at 10:10 a.m. MST.[50][51] Loughner allegedly opened fire on Giffords, as well as numerous bystanders,[50][51][52] killing six people. Thirteen other people were injured by gunfire, and one person was injured while fleeing the scene of the shooting.[53] Giffords, the apparent target of the attack,[54] was shot in the head and left in critical condition.[55]

Arrest

File:Jared Loughner sheriff's office.jpg
A picture of Loughner taken by the Pima County Sheriff's Office's forensic unit, which saw widespread distribution via media outlets

Loughner was subdued by bystanders and was arrested by police, saying, "I plead the Fifth," as he was taken into custody.[35] A photograph taken by the Pima County Sheriff's Office's forensic unit was released to the media on January 10, 2011[56] and published on front pages nationwide. The Washington Post described the picture as "smirking and creepy, with hollow eyes ablaze," while the art director for the New York Times stated it was placed on the front page because it "was the picture of the day [...] it was intense and arresting. It invited you to look and study, and wonder."[57]

Charged and imprisoned

Loughner was charged in federal court with one count of attempted assassination of a member of Congress, two counts of murder of a federal employee (including Judge Roll), and two counts of attempting to murder a federal employee.[2][52] He was indicted on three of the charges on January 19, 2011.[58] Loughner was held without bail in the Federal Correctional Institution at Phoenix,[59] kept isolated from other inmates 23 hours a day and allowed out of his cell for just one hour a day to shower and exercise.[60] On February 24, 2011, he was transferred to the United States Penitentiary in Tucson.[61][62]

Attorney Judy Clarke, a former federal public defender who in the past has represented suspects in several high profile murder and terrorism cases, was appointed to represent Loughner in federal court.[63] The entire federal judiciary of the state of Arizona recused themselves from hearing the case because of their ties to victim and fellow judge, John Roll.[64][65] At the direction of Ninth Circuit Appeals court Chief Judge Kozinski, the federal case will be heard by San Diego-based Judge Larry Alan Burns (from the Southern District of California).[66] Federal prosecutors have opposed motions to move the case outside of Arizona because of pre-trial publicity; that decision will be made by Chief Judge Roslyn O. Silver, who succeeded Roll in the federal district of Arizona.[60]

Prosecutors representing Arizona, which has concurrent jurisdiction in the matter, have announced they intend to file murder and attempted murder charges on behalf of the other victims, those who were not members of Congress or federal employees (although they could legally file charges on behalf of all the victims). [67] Arizona law does not permit a verdict of "not guilty by reason of insanity", but does allow for a verdict of "guilty but insane."[68]

Pleadings and additional charges

On January 24, 2011, Loughner appeared at the Sandra Day O'Connor U.S. Courthouse in Phoenix, before Judge Burns from San Diego.[69] Loughner, whose hair had partially regrown since his arrest, smiled while presented with the charges related to the shooting, including the attempted killing of Giffords and two of her aides. Loughner's attorney, Judy Clarke, requested that Judge Burns select a plea on her client's behalf, to which a plea of not guilty was recorded. When Burns asked Clarke if Loughner understood the charges against him, she replied that they were "not raising that issue" at the time. She also did not object to a request by prosecutors to have future hearings moved back to Tucson.[70] On March 3, 2011, a federal grand jury indicted Loughner on additional charges of murder and attempted murder for a total of 49 counts.[4] On March 9, 2011, Loughner pleaded not guilty to all 49 charges.[71]

On May 25, 2011, Judge Burns ruled Loughner was then incompetent to stand trial. Court proceedings were suspended while Loughner, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia,[72] undergoes psychiatric treatment at the psychiatric wing of the U.S. Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri. He was scheduled to appear in court on September 21, 2011, but that hearing was delayed until September 28, 2011, when the judge reviewed whether he could understand the charges against him and could assist in his own defense. (Loughner’s lawyers unsuccessfully objected to him appearing at the hearing.)[73] Loughner disrupted the court hearing with an outburst, and was carried from the court room. According to the New York Times, Loughner believes he succeeded in killing Giffords, and clashed with his lawyer when she informed him that the congresswoman had survived.[72]

Forced medication rulings

On June 26, 2011, Judge Burns ruled that prison doctors could forcibly medicate Loughner with antipsychotic drugs in order to make him fit to stand trial.[74][75] However, on July 12, 2011, a three-judge federal appeals panel from the Ninth Circuit ruled that Loughner could refuse anti-psychotic medication, since he "has not been convicted of a crime, is presumptively innocent and is therefore entitled to greater constitutional protections than a convicted inmate."[76][77][78][79] However, the ruling stated that it "does not preclude prison authorities from taking other measures to maintain the safety of prison personnel, other inmates and Loughner himself, including forced administration of tranquilizers"[76]

A week after the ruling, prison medical authorities resumed forcible treatment of Loughner with the antipsychotic risperidone, this time citing Harper and stating the purpose of treatment was the need to control the danger he posed to himself and others in prison, rather than rendering him fit for trial.[80][81] Loughner's defense team submitted an emergency motion to the 9th Circuit Appeals Court claiming that this treatment was in violation of their ruling and seeking an immediate injunction to halt treatment.[80] The request for an injunction was denied by the court, allowing treatment to continue pending a full hearing into the matter.[82] Arguments began in the 9th Circuit Appeals Court began on the 30th August as to the lawfulness of this treatment,[83][84] and as of December 2011, arguments are ongoing, with Loughner continuing to be treated in the interim.[85]

References

  1. ^ Jacob, Jijo (January 10, 2011). "Who is Jared Lee Loughner?". International Business Times. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
  2. ^ a b Taylor Jr., Tony M. (January 9, 2011). "Criminal Complaint: United States of America vs. Jared Lee Loughner (Case #11-0035M)". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331.
  3. ^ Candiotti, Susan; Selig, Roni (January 19, 2011). "Giffords may be moved to rehab center Friday". CNN. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
  4. ^ a b Cratty, Carol (March 4, 2011). "Alleged Tucson gunman indicted on 49 charges in shooting". CNN. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
  5. ^ a b Quinones, Sam (January 10, 2011). "Jared Lee Loughner's parents alone with their anguish, neighbor says". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  6. ^ a b c Berger, Judson (January 10, 2011). "Loughner's Meltdown Began in Adulthood, Those Near Him Say". FoxNews.com. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  7. ^ Cizmar, Martin (January 10, 2011). "Jared Lougher's Mother, Amy, a Pima County Employee, Reportedly Not at Work Today". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  8. ^ Berger, Judson (January 10, 2011). "Mental Health Warnings Preceded Rampage, as Arizona Gunman Likely Went Untreated". FoxNews.com. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  9. ^ Strauss, Gary; Eisler, Peter; Gillum, Jack; Welch, William M. (January 10, 2011). "Friends, co-workers: Loughner had curious, dark change". tucsoncitizen.com. USA Today. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
  10. ^ a b Gary Strauss (January 10, 2011). "Friends, co-workers: Loughner had curious, dark change". Tucson Citizen. USA Today. Retrieved January 11, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Swaine, Jon (January 8, 2011). "Gabrielle Giffords shooting: strange internet trail of 'loner' Jared Lee Loughner, the alleged Tucson gunman". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d CBS /AP staff reporters (January 10, 2011). "Who is Jared Loughner? Friends Reveal Alienation". CBS News. Associated Press. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  13. ^ a b c Banfield, Ashleigh (January 12, 2011). "Tucson Shooting: Jared Loughner Stopped By Authorities Hours Before Shooting". ABC News. Retrieved January 14, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Thompson, Mark (January 11, 2011). "How Jared Loughner Changed: The View from His Schools". Time. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
  15. ^ a b c d Baumann, Nick (January 10, 2011). "Exclusive: Loughner Friend Explains Alleged Gunman's Grudge Against Giffords". Mother Jones. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  16. ^ "Profile of Jared Loughner: 'I can't trust the current government'". msnbc.com. January 8, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
  17. ^ U.S. Army Statement on status of suspect, U.S. Army Information Service, January 8, 2011
  18. ^ Steller, Tim (January 8, 2011). "Man linked to Giffords shooting called 'very disturbed'". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
  19. ^ a b c d Anglen, Robert (January 9, 2011). "Jared Lee Loughner, suspect in Gabrielle Giffords shooting, had college run-ins". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  20. ^ Lin II, Rong-Gong; Reston, Maeve; Rojas, Rick (January 15, 2011). "School releases YouTube post from Loughner". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  21. ^ Daily Mail reporter (January 10, 2011). "'We have a mentally unstable person in the class that scares the living c**p out of me': Emails reveal student's fears of Jared Loughner months before shootings". Daily Mail. United Kingdom: Associated Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  22. ^ Cillizza, Chris. "Jared Lee Loughner was a registered independent, didn't vote in 2010 election". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  23. ^ CNN Political Unit (January 10, 2011). "Accused gunman had no party affiliation". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved January 12, 2011. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  24. ^ a b McGreal, Chris (January 10, 2011). "Jared Lee Loughner: What drove him to kill?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved November 1, 2011. Coorough said Loughner "would laugh at things that you wouldn't laugh at" such as when a fellow student read a poem about abortion. "He was turning all shades of red and laughing," Coorough told the Associated Press. "Wow, she's just like a terrorist, she killed a baby ... He appeared to be an emotional cripple or an emotional child. He lacked compassion, he lacked understanding and he lacked an ability to connect." Loughner also stood out as a vigorous atheist in a religious part of the world. Cite error: The named reference "McGreal2011-01-10" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  25. ^ "Who is Jared Loughner? Friends Reveal Alienation". CBS News. January 10, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011. An ardent atheist, he began to characterize people as sheep whose free will was being sapped by the government and the monotony of modern life.
  26. ^ Myers, Amanda Lee; Espo, David; Tang, Terry (January 8, 2011). "Arizona Rep. Giffords shot, 6 killed in rampage". bloomberg.com. Bloomberg LP. Associated Press. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  27. ^ Loughner, Jared Lee (December 15, 2010). "Classitup10's Channel". YouTube. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  28. ^ Lipton, Eric; Savage, Charlie; Shane, Scott (January 8, 2011). "Arizona Suspect's Recent Acts Offer Hints of Alienation". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
  29. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/us/politics/09shooter.html?pagewanted=all
  30. ^ "Loughner's Meltdown Began In Adulthood, Those Near Him Say". Fox News. April 7, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
  31. ^ "Caitie Parker (Caitie) op Myspace". Myspace.com. December 8, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
  32. ^ Glynnis MacNicol (January 8, 2011). "Alleged Shooter Jared Loughner May Have Met Rep. Giffords Previously - Business Insider". Articles.businessinsider.com. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
  33. ^ "Sheriff Releases Loughner's Arrest Records". CBS News. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
  34. ^ Scocca, Tom (January 17, 2011). "Maybe Jared Loughner Was a Bigot, After All". Slate.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g Barry, Dan (January 15, 2011). "Looking Behind the Mug-Shot Grin". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 21, 2011.
  36. ^ CNN Wire Staff (January 13, 2011). "Loughner's dad feared he was 'out of control,' neighbor says". CNN. Retrieved January 13, 2011. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  37. ^ Herreras, Mari (October 14, 2011). "Occupy Tucson Starts Saturday, 9 a.m., Armory Park | The Range: The Tucson Weekly's Daily Dispatch". Tucsonweekly.com. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
  38. ^ Bosch, Torie (January 10, 2011). "Jared Lee Loughner's Worldview a Conspiracy Theory Laundry List (VIDEO)". AOL News. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  39. ^ Fahrenthold, David A. (January 11, 2011). "Jared Lee Loughner apparently sought community online at Abovetopsecret.com". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  40. ^ CNN wire staff (January 9, 2011). "Arizona massacre suspect: 'Kind of a troubled past'". CNN. Retrieved January 12, 2011. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  41. ^ Johnson, Kirk (January 9, 2011). "Jared L. Loughner's Odd Behavior Caused Alarm". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 11, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ Conant, Eve; Martin, Claire (January 10, 2011). "Jared Lee Loughner's Mental State". Newsweek. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  43. ^ ; Miller stated, "He's just repeating things I've had up on my site the past 11 years. Cite error: The named reference "ADL2011-01-11" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  44. ^ msnbc.com staff and news service reports (January 10, 2011). "Suspect's parents: 'We don't know why this happened'". msnbc.com. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  45. ^ "Report: Arizona Gunman Was Not Motivated By Politics". FoxNews.com. January 12, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  46. ^ Weigel, David (January 13, 2011). "'Zeitgeist,' the Conspiracy Film That Possibly Inspired Loughner". Slate. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  47. ^ Vo, Tammy (January 8, 2011). "9OYS Investigates: Who is Jared Loughner?". KGUN-TV. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
  48. ^ NBC, msnbc.com and news services. "Loughner's parents 'devastated,' 'hurting'". msnbc.com. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  49. ^ Johnson, Kirk; Tanweer, Anissa (January 10, 2011). "Shooting Suspect Was Calm During Cab Ride to Supermarket, His Driver Reports". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  50. ^ a b Winter, Jana (January 9, 2011). "Suspected Arizona Gunman Reportedly Planned Shooting in Advance". Fox News Channel. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
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  84. ^ GOVT REPLY TO RESPONSE TO MOTION TO DISMISS DEFENDANT’S APPEAL BASED ON MOOTNESS 9 Dec 2011 - US Courts for the 9th District

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