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==Climate==
==Climate==
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Jersey City has a [[Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Jersey City has a [[Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=933482&cityname=Jersey+City%2C+New+Jersey%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Jersey City, New Jersey]</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 02:19, 31 December 2013

Jersey City, New Jersey
City
City of Jersey City
Skyline of Downtown Jersey City
Skyline of Downtown Jersey City
Official seal of Jersey City, New Jersey
Seal
Nickname(s): 
"Chilltown, J.C."[1]
"Wall Street West"[2]
Motto: 
“Let Jersey Prosper”[3]
Location of Jersey City within Hudson County. Inset: Location of Hudson County highlighted within the state of New Jersey.
Location of Jersey City within Hudson County. Inset: Location of Hudson County highlighted within the state of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Jersey City, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Jersey City, New Jersey
CountryUnited States
StateNew Jersey
CountyHudson
Government
 • TypeFaulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
 • MayorSteven Fulop (term ends June 30, 2017)[4][5]
 • Deputy MayorsVivian Brady-Phillips
John Thieroff[6]
 • Business AdministratorJohn "Jack" Kelly[7]
 • ClerkRobert Byrne[8]
Area
[9]
 • Total21.080 sq mi (54.596 km2)
 • Land14.794 sq mi (38.316 km2)
 • Water6.286 sq mi (16.281 km2)  29.82%
 • Rank133rd of 566 in state
1st of 12 in county[9]
Elevation
[10]
20 ft (6 m)
Population
 (2010 Census)[11][12][13]
 • Total247,597 (75th)
 • Estimate 
(2012[14])
254,441
 • Rank2nd of 566 in state
1st of 12 in county
 • Density16,736.6/sq mi (6,462.0/km2)
  • Rank10th of 566 in state
6th of 12 in county
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP codes
07097, 07302-07308, 07310-07311[15]
Area code(s)201/551
FIPS code3401736000Template:GR[9][16]
GNIS feature ID0885264Template:GR[9]
Websitehttp://www.cityofjerseycity.com

Jersey City is the seatTemplate:GR[18] of Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population of Jersey City was 247,597,[11][12][13] making it the second-most populous city in New Jersey.[19]

Part of the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City lies across from Lower Manhattan between the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay and the Hackensack River and Newark Bay. A port of entry, with 11 miles (18 km) of waterfront and significant rail connections, Jersey City is an important transportation terminus and distribution and manufacturing center for the Port of New York and New Jersey. Service industries have played a prominent role in the redevelopment of its waterfront and the creation of one of the nation's largest downtowns.

After a peak population of 316,715 measured in the 1930 Census, the city's population saw a half-century long decline to a low of 223,532 in the 1980 Census, but since then the city's population has grown, with the 2010 population reflecting an increase of 7,542 (+3.1%) from the 240,055 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 11,518 (+5.0%) from the 228,537 counted in the 1990 Census.[20][21]

Geography

Jersey City is the seat of Hudson County, New Jersey, and the second-largest city in New Jersey.[19] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 21.080 square miles (54.596 km2), of which 14.794 square miles (38.316 km2) is land and 6.286 square miles (16.281 km2) (29.82%) is water.Template:GR[9] As of the 1990 Census, it had the smallest land area of the 100 most populous cities in America.[22]

Jersey City is bordered to the east by the Hudson River, to the north by Secaucus, North Bergen, Union City and Hoboken, to the west, across the Hackensack, by Kearny and Newark, and to the south by Bayonne. Given their proximity to Manhattan, Jersey City and Hudson County are sometimes referred to as New York City's Sixth Borough.[23][24][25]

Image of Jersey City taken by NASA. (The red line demarcates the municipal boundaries of Jersey City.)

History

See also: Timeline of Jersey City, New Jersey history

Lenape and New Netherland

Main article: Bergen, New Netherland

The land comprising what is now Jersey City was inhabited by the Lenape, a collection of tribes (later called Delaware Indian). In 1609, Henry Hudson, seeking an alternate route to East Asia, anchored his small vessel Halve Maen (English: Half Moon) at Sandy Hook, Harsimus Cove and Weehawken Cove, and elsewhere along what was later named the North River. After spending nine days surveying the area and meeting its inhabitants, he sailed as far north as Albany. By 1621 the Dutch West India Company was organized to manage this new territory and in June 1623, New Netherland became a Dutch province, with headquarters in New Amsterdam. Michael Reyniersz Pauw received a land grant as patroon on the condition that he would establish a settlement of not fewer than fifty persons within four years. He chose the west bank of the North River (Hudson River) and purchased the land from the Lenape. This grant is dated November 22, 1630 and is the earliest known conveyance for what are now Hoboken and Jersey City. Pauw, however was an absentee landlord who neglected to populate the area and was obliged to sell his holdings back to the Company in 1633.[26] That year, a house was built at Communipaw for Jan Evertsen Bout, superintendent of the colony, which had been named Pavonia (the Latinized form of Pauw's name, which means peacock).[27] Shortly after, another house was built at Harsimus Cove and became the home of Cornelius Van Vorst, who had succeeded Bout as superintendent, and whose family would become influential in the development of the city. Relations with the Lenape deteriorated, in part because of the colonialist's mismanagement and misunderstanding of the indigenous people, and led to series of raids and reprisals and the virtual destruction of the settlement on the west bank. During Kieft's War, approximately eighty Lenapes were killed by the Dutch in a massacre at Pavonia on the night of February 25, 1643.[28]

Scattered communities of farmsteads characterized the Dutch settlements at Pavonia: Communipaw, Harsimus, Paulus Hook, Hoebuck, Awiehaken, and other lands "behind Kil van Kull". The first village (located inside a palisaded garrison) established on what is now Bergen Square in 1660, and is considered to be the oldest town in what would become the state of New Jersey.[29]

Early America

Jersey City at the end of the 19th century

Among the oldest surviving houses in Jersey City are the Newkirk House (1690),[30][31] Van Vorst Famhouse (c.1740)[31][32][33] and the Van Wagenen House (1742). During the American Revolutionary War the area was in the hands of the British who controlled New York. In the Battle of Paulus Hook Major Light Horse Harry Lee attacked a British fortification on August 19, 1779. After the war Alexander Hamilton and other prominent New Yorkers and New Jerseyeans attempted to develop the area that would become historic downtown Jersey City and laid out the city squares and streets that still characterize the neighborhood, giving them names also seen in Lower Manhattan or after war heroes (Grove, Varick, Mercer, Wayne, Monmouth, and Montgomery among them). During the 19th century, former slaves reached Jersey City on one of the four routes of the Underground Railroad that led to the city.[34]

The old ferry docks at the CRRNJ terminal in Liberty State Park in 2011

The City of Jersey was incorporated by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 28, 1820, from portions of Bergen Township, while the area was still a part of Bergen County. The city was reincorporated on January 23, 1829, and again on February 22, 1838, at which time it became completely independent of North Bergen and was given its present name. On February 22, 1840, it became part of the newly created Hudson County.[35]

Jersey City and Hoboken in 1886

Soon after the Civil War, the idea arose of uniting all of the towns of Hudson County east of the Hackensack River into one municipality. A bill was approved by the State legislature on April 2, 1869, with a special election to be held October 5, 1869. An element of the bill provide that only contiguous towns could be consolidated. While a majority of the voters across the county approved the merger, the only municipalities that had approved the consolidation plan and that adjoined Jersey City were Hudson City and Bergen City.[36] The consolidation began on March 17, 1870, taking effect on May 3, 1870.[37] Three years later the present outline of Jersey City was completed when Greenville agreed to merge into the Greater Jersey City.[35][38]

20th century

Jersey City was a dock and manufacturing town for much of the 19th and 20th centuries. Much like New York City, Jersey City has always been a destination for new immigrants to the United States. In its heyday before World War II, German, Irish, and Italian immigrants found work at Colgate, Chloro or Dixon Ticonderoga. However, the largest employers at the time were the railroads, whose national networks terminated on the Hudson River at Pavonia Terminal, Exchange Place and Communipaw. In 1908, the first permanent, drinking water disinfection system in the U.S. was installed on the water supply for the City by John L. Leal.[39] The Hudson Tubes opened in 1911, allowing passengers to take the train to Manhattan as an alternative to the extensive ferry system. The Black Tom explosion occurred on July 30, 1916, as an act of sabotage on American ammunition supplies by German agents to prevent the materials from being used by the Allies in World War I.[40]

From 1917 to 1947, Jersey City was governed by Mayor Frank Hague. Originally elected as a reform candidate, the Jersey City History Web Site says his name is "synonymous with the early twentieth century urban American blend of political favoritism and social welfare known as bossism." Hague ran the city with an iron fist while, at the same time, molding governors, United States senators, and judges to his whims. Boss Hague was known to be loud and vulgar, but dressed in a stylish manner earning him the nickname "King Hanky-Panky".[41] In his later years in office, Hague would often dismiss his enemies as "reds" or "commies". Hague lived like a millionaire, despite having an annual salary that never exceeded $8,500. He was able to maintain a fourteen-room duplex apartment in Jersey City, a suite at the Plaza Hotel in Manhattan, and a palatial summer home in Deal, and travel to Europe yearly in the royal suites of the best liners.[42]

After Hague's retirement from politics, a series of mayors including John V. Kenny, Thomas J. Whelan and Thomas F. X. Smith attempted to take control of Hague's organization, usually under the mantle of political reform. None were able to duplicate the level of power held by Hague,[43] but the city and the county remained notorious for political corruption for years.[44][45][46] By the 1970s, the city experienced a period of urban decline that saw many of its wealthy residents leave for the suburbs, rising crime, civil unrest, political corruption, and economic hardship. From 1950 to 1980, Jersey City lost 75,000 residents, and from 1975 to 1982, it lost 5,000 jobs, or 9% of its workforce.[47]

Beginning in the 1980s, development of the waterfront in an area previously occupied by rail yards and factories helped to stir the beginnings of a renaissance for Jersey City. The rapid construction of numerous high-rise buildings increased the population and led to the development of the Exchange Place financial district, also known as 'Wall Street West', one of the largest banking centers in the United States. Large financial institutions such as UBS, Goldman Sachs, Chase Bank, Citibank and Merrill Lynch occupy prominent buildings on the Jersey City waterfront, some of which are among the tallest buildings in New Jersey. Simultaneous to this building boom, the light-rail network was developed.[48] With 18,000,000 square feet (1,700,000 m2) of office space, it has the nation's 12th largest downtown.[49]

In October 2013, City Ordinance 13.097 passed requiring employers with ten or more employees to offer up to five paid sick days a year. The bill impacts all businesses employing workers who work at least 80 hours a calendar year in Jersey City.[50]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18403,072—
18506,856123.2%
186029,226326.3%
187082,546*182.4%
1880120,722*46.2%
1890163,00335.0%
1900206,43326.6%
1910267,77929.7%
1920298,10311.3%
1930316,7156.2%
1940301,173−4.9%
1950299,017−0.7%
1960276,101−7.7%
1970260,350−5.7%
1980223,532−14.1%
1990228,5372.2%
2000240,0555.0%
2010247,5973.1%
2012 (est.)254,441[14][51]2.8%
Population sources:
1840-1920[52] 1840[53] 1850-1870[54]
1850[55] 1870[56] 1880-1890[57]
1890-1910[58] 1840-1930[59]
1930-1990[60] 2000[61][62] 2010[11][12][13]
* = Gained territory in previous decade.[35]

The city is one of the most racially diverse in the world.[63] The city's formerly most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white,[64] declined from 69.5% in 1970 to 21.5% by 2010.[65] Jersey City has a large Kenyan community,[66][67] and the country's largest Egyptian Coptic population.[68] Jersey City also has a very large Moroccan community. Indians make up a large part of the India Square district in Journal Square.[69][70] Pakistanis, Guyanese, Nigerians, Vietnamese, Chinese, Haitians, Polish, Italians and the Irish also make up a large percent of the population. Jersey City also hosts a Little Manila for the large Filipino population. The city is home to 4.4% of the state’s Hispanic population, and the highest number of mixed-race residents in the county at 13%.[71] However, relations between ethnic groups have not always been amicable, as evidenced by incidents such as the infamous Dotbusters gang attacks of 1987 against residents of South Asian descent.[72]

A 2011 survey of census data shows Jersey City to have one the nation's highest percentages of residents who work as artists, leading The Atlantic magazine to call it the 10th most artistic city in the USA.[73][74][75]

One of the county's three homeless shelters, Lucy's Shelter, is located in Jersey City, though a growing community of homeless have made their home outside the transit station in Journal Square.[76]

2010 Census

India Square, Newark Avenue. As of the 2010 Census, Asian Indians accounted for 10.9% of Jersey City's population.[11]

Template:USCensusDemographics

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $54,280 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,460) and the median family income was $58,533 (+/- $2,116). Males had a median income of $49,582 (+/- $1,968) versus $43,458 (+/- $1,837) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $30,490 (+/- $668). About 15.1% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.1% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over.[77]

As of the 2010 Census, Jersey City experienced an increase of 7,542 residents (3.1%) from its 2000 Census population of 240,055.[11][19] Since it was believed the earlier population was under documented, the 2010 census was anticipated with the possibility that Jersey City might become the state's most populated city, surpassing Newark.[78] The city has hired an outside firm to contest the results, citing the fact that development between 2000 and 2010 substantially increased the number of housing units and that new populations may have been under counted.[79][80] Preliminary findings indicated that 19,000 housing units went uncounted.[81]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census the population was 240,055 making Jersey City the 72nd most populous city in the U.S.[82] Among cities with a population higher than 100,000 ranked in the 2000 Census, Jersey City was the fourth most densely populated large city in the United States, behind New York City, Paterson, New Jersey and San Francisco.[83] There were 88,632 households, and 55,660 families residing in the city. The population density was 16,093.7/mi2 (6,212.2/km2). There were 93,648 housing units at an average density of 6,278.3 per square mile (2,423.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 34.01% White, 28.32% African American, 0.45% Native American, 16.20% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 15.11% from other races, and 5.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28.31% of the population.[61][62]

As of the 2000 Census, the most common reported ancestries were Italian (6.6%), Irish (5.6%), Polish (3.0%), Arab (2.8%), and German (2.7%).[84]

Of all 88,632 households, 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living there, 36.4% were married couples living together, 20.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.2% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.37.[61][62]

In the city the population was spread out with 24.7% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 35.1% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.[61][62]

The median income of its households was $37,862, and the median income of its families was $41,639. Males had a median income of $35,119 versus $30,494 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,410. About 16.4% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.[61][62]

Government

City Hall, on Grove Street

Local government

The mayor is Steven Fulop, who won the mayoral election in 2013.[4] The Business Administrator is John "Jack" Kelly.[7] Kelly was nominated by Mayor Healy and was approved by the city council with a 7–1 vote. He started as the BA on May 18, 2010.[85] The City Clerk is Robert Byrne.[8]

Jersey City is governed under the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) form of municipal government by a mayor and a nine-member city council. The city council consists of six members elected from wards and three elected at large, all elected to four-year terms on a concurrent basis in non-partisan elections.[17][86] As of 2013, members of the City Council are Council President Rolando R. Lavarro, Jr., Daniel Rivera (at Large), Joyce Watterman (at Large), Frank Gajewski (Ward A - Greenville), Khemraj “Chico” Ramchal (Ward B - West Side), Richard Boggiano (Ward C - Journal Square), Michael Yun (Ward D - The Heights), Candice Osborne (Ward E - Downtown) and Diane Coleman (Ward F - Bergen/Lafayette), all of whom are serving a term running from July 1, 2013 until June 30, 2017.[87]

Federal, state and county representation

Jersey City is split between the 8th and 10th Congressional Districts[88] and is part of New Jersey's 31st and 33rd state legislative districts.[12][89][90] Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Jersey City had been in the 31st, 32nd and the 33rd state legislative districts.[91] Prior to the 2010 Census, Jersey City had been split between the 9th Congressional District, 10th Congressional District and the 13th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[91] The split that went into effect in 2013 placed 111,678 residents living in the city's north and east in the 8th District, while 139,519 residents in the southwest portion of the city were placed in the 10th District.[88][92]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 8th congressional district is represented by Rob Menendez (D, Jersey City).[93][94] For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 10th congressional district is represented by LaMonica McIver (D, Newark).[95] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[96] and George Helmy (Mountain Lakes, term ends 2024).[97][98]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 31st legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Angela V. McKnight (D, Jersey City) and in the General Assembly by Barbara McCann Stamato (D, Jersey City) and William Sampson (D, Bayonne).[99] For the 2024–2025 session, the 33rd legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Brian P. Stack (D, Union City) and in the General Assembly by Julio Marenco (D, North Bergen) and Gabe Rodriguez (D, West New York).[100] Template:NJ Governor

The city encompasses three Hudson County freeholder districts in their entirety, while three others are shared with adjacent municipalities. Hudson County is governed by a directly elected County Executive and by a Board of County Commissioners, which serves as the county's legislative body. As of 2024, Hudson County's County Executive is Craig Guy (D, Jersey City), whose term of office expires December 31, 2027.[101] Hudson County's Commissioners are:[102][103][104]

Kenneth Kopacz (D, District 1-- Bayonne and parts of Jersey City; 2026, Bayonne),[105][106] William O'Dea (D, District 2-- western parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[107][108] Vice Chair Jerry Walker (D, District 3-- southeastern parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[109][110] Yraida Aponte-Lipski (D, District 4-- northeastern parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[111][112] Chair Anthony L. Romano Jr. (D, District 5-- Hoboken and adjoining parts of Jersey City; 2026, Hoboken),[113][114] Fanny J.Cedeno (D, District 6-- Union City; 2026, Union City),[115][116] Caridad Rodriguez (D, District 7-- West New York (part), Weehawken, Guttenberg; 2026, West New York),[117][118] Robert Baselice (D, District 8-- North Bergen, West New York (part), Seacaucus (part); 2026, North Bergen),[119][120] and Albert Cifelli (D, District 9-- East Newark, Harrison, Kearny, and Secaucus (part); 2026, Harrison).[121][122]

Hudson County's constitutional officers are: Clerk E. Junior Maldonado (D, Jersey City, 2027),[123][124] Sheriff Frank Schillari, (D, Jersey City, 2025)[125] Surrogate Tilo E. Rivas, (D, Jersey City, 2024)[126][127] and Register Jeffery Dublin (D, Jersey City, 2024).[128][127] Hudson County is governed by a directly elected County Executive and by a Board of County Commissioners, which serves as the county's legislative body. As of 2024, Hudson County's County Executive is Craig Guy (D, Jersey City), whose term of office expires December 31, 2027.[129] Hudson County's Commissioners are:[130][131][132]

Kenneth Kopacz (D, District 1-- Bayonne and parts of Jersey City; 2026, Bayonne),[133][134] William O'Dea (D, District 2-- western parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[135][136] Vice Chair Jerry Walker (D, District 3-- southeastern parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[137][138] Yraida Aponte-Lipski (D, District 4-- northeastern parts of Jersey City; 2026, Jersey City),[139][140] Chair Anthony L. Romano Jr. (D, District 5-- Hoboken and adjoining parts of Jersey City; 2026, Hoboken),[141][142] Fanny J.Cedeno (D, District 6-- Union City; 2026, Union City),[143][144] Caridad Rodriguez (D, District 7-- West New York (part), Weehawken, Guttenberg; 2026, West New York),[145][146] Robert Baselice (D, District 8-- North Bergen, West New York (part), Seacaucus (part); 2026, North Bergen),[147][148] and Albert Cifelli (D, District 9-- East Newark, Harrison, Kearny, and Secaucus (part); 2026, Harrison).[149][150]

Hudson County's constitutional officers are: Clerk E. Junior Maldonado (D, Jersey City, 2027),[151][152] Sheriff Frank Schillari, (D, Jersey City, 2025)[153] Surrogate Tilo E. Rivas, (D, Jersey City, 2024)[154][127] and Register Jeffery Dublin (D, Jersey City, 2024).[155][127]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 120,229 registered voters in Jersey City, of which 58,194 (48.4%) were registered as Democrats, 7,655 (6.4%) were registered as Republicans and 54,293 (45.2%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 87 voters registered to other parties.[156]

In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 81.8% of the vote here (65,780 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 16.8% (13,529 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (584 votes), among the 80,381 ballots cast by the city's 139,158 registered voters, for a turnout of 57.8%.[157] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 74.5% of the vote here (52,979 ballots cast), out polling Republican George W. Bush with 22.8% (16,216 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (559 votes), among the 71,130 ballots cast by the city's 119,723 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 59.4.[158]

In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 76.2% of the vote here (29,817 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 18.7% (7,336 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 3.2% (1,263 votes) and other candidates with 0.9% (371 votes), among the 39,143 ballots cast by the city's 120,269 registered voters, yielding a 32.5% turnout.[159]

Emergency services

Neighborhoods

Newport
Journal Square

Jersey City (and most of Hudson County) is located on the peninsula known as Bergen Neck, with a waterfront on the east at the Hudson River and New York Bay and on the west at the Hackensack River and Newark Bay. Its north-south axis corresponds with the ridge of Bergen Hill, the emergence of the Hudson Palisades.[160] The city is the site of some of the earliest European settlements in North America, which grew into each other rather expanding from central point.[161][162] This growth and the topography greatly influenced the development of the sections of the city[163][164] and the neighborhoods within them.[43] The city is divided into six wards.[86]

Downtown Jersey City

See also: List of tallest buildings in Jersey City

Downtown Jersey City is the area from the Hudson River westward to the Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 78) and the New Jersey Palisades; it is also bounded by Hoboken to the north and Liberty State Park to the south.

Newport and Exchange Place are redeveloped waterfront areas consisting mostly of residential towers, hotels and office buildings. Newport is a planned mixed-use community, built on the old Erie Lackawanna Railway yards, made up of residential rental towers, condominiums, office buildings, a marina, schools, restaurants, hotels, Newport Centre Mall, a waterfront walkway, transportation facilities, and on-site parking for more than 15,000 vehicles. Newport had a hand in the renaissance of Jersey City although, before ground was broken, much of the downtown area had already begun a steady climb (much like Hoboken). In recent years, this area of Jersey City has undergone gentrification that has seen the improvement in neighborhoods. This has also caused a rise of the standard of living throughout the city. Downtown also includes The Newport Centre area, which is also home of the Westin Hotel.[165] Prior to the September 11 attacks Jersey City had 3 office towers over 100 meters. Since 9-11, another 3 more office towers and 10 residential buildings over 100 meters have been completed.[166]

Bergen-Lafayette

Bergen-Lafayette, formerly Bergen City, New Jersey, lies between Greenville to the south and McGinley Square to the north. It also borders Liberty State Park and Downtown to the east and the West Side neighborhood to the west. This area is commonly called "The Hill" by the natives of the city. Communipaw Avenue, Bergen Avenue, Martin Luther King Drive, and Ocean Avenue are main thoroughfares. The former Jersey City Medical Center complex, a cluster of Art Deco buildings on a rise in the center of the city, have been converted into residential complexes called The Beacon.[167]

The Heights

The Heights or Jersey City Heights is a district in the north end of Jersey City atop the New Jersey Palisades overlooking Hoboken to the east and Croxton in the Meadowlands to the west.

The southern border of The Heights is generally considered to be north of Bergen Arches and The Divided Highway, while Paterson Plank Road in Washington Park is its main northern boundary. Transfer Station is just over the city line. Its postal area ZIP Code is 07307. The Heights mostly contains two- and three-family houses and low rise apartment buildings, and is similar to North Hudson architectural style and neighborhood character.[168]

Previously the city of Hudson City, The Heights was incorporated into Jersey City in 1869.[36]

Transportation

In the immediate aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks many people were evacuated by ferry to Jersey City
Hudson-Bergen Light Rail

Of all Jersey City commuters, 8.17% walk to work, and 46.62% take public transit.[169] This is the second highest percentage of public transit riders of any city with a population of 100,000+ in the United States, behind only New York City and ahead of Washington, D.C. 40.67% of Jersey City households do not own an automobile, the second-highest of all cities in the United States with 50,000 to 250,000 residents.[170]

Rail

Water

Surface

The Journal Square Transportation Center, Exchange Place, and Hoboken Terminal (just over the city line's northeast corner) are major origination/destination points for buses. Service is available to numerous points within Jersey City, Hudson County, and some suburban areas as well as to Newark on the 1, 2, 6, 22, 43, 64, 67, 68, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 123, 125, 305, 319 lines.[175] Also serving Jersey City are various lines operated by Academy Bus and A&C Bus. Increased use of jitneys, locally known as dollar vans, have greatly affected travel patterns in Hudson County, leading to decreased bus ridership on traditional bus lines. After studies examining existing systems and changes in public transportation usage patterns it was determined that a Journal Square-Bayonne bus rapid transit system should be investigated. In 2012 the Board of Chosen Freeholders authorized the identification of possible BRT corridors.[176][177][178][179][180]

Entrance to the Holland Tunnel which carries high amounts of vehicular traffic from New Jersey to Lower Manhattan.

Air

Road

Further information: List of bridges, tunnels, and cuts in Hudson County, New Jersey
East Coast Greenway dedication ceremony

Bike

A part of the East Coast Greenway, a planned unbroken bike route from Maine to the Florida Keys, will travel through the city. In June 2012, part of the route was officially designated in Lincoln Park and over the Lincoln Highway Hackensack River Bridge.[182][183] Both the Hudson River Waterfront Walkway and Hackensack RiverWalk are bicycle friendly.[184] In April 2012, the city initiated the Morris Canal Greenway Plan to investigate the establishment of a greenway, including a bicycle path, that would follow the route of the Morris Canal to the greatest extent possible.[185][186][187] in the same month, the city established bikes lanes along the length Grove Street, originally meant to temporary. In December 2012, the city announced that Grove Street lanes would become permanent and that it would add an additional 54 miles (87 km) of both dedicated and shared bike lanes.[188] The Harbor Ring is an initiative to create a 50 mile bike route along the Lower Hudson River, Upper New York Bay, and Kill van Kull that would incorporate bike paths in the city.[189][190][191] In 2013, the city simplified the application and reduced the cost for business and residences to install bike racks as well as making them obligatory for certain new construction projects.[192] Hudson County has initiated exploration of a bike-share program.[193] Jersey City, Hoboken and Weehawken intend to operate the progeram starting 2014.[194]

Education

Colleges and universities

The Yanitelli Center on the campus of Saint Peter's University.

Jersey City is home to the New Jersey City University (NJCU) and Saint Peter's University, both of which are located in the city's West Side district. It is also home to Hudson County Community College, which is located in Journal Square. The University of Phoenix has a small location at Newport, and Rutgers University offers MBA classes at Harborside Center. Hudson County Community College, a junior college located in the Journal Square area offering courses to help the transition into a larger university, is praised for the culinary department and program.[195]

Public schools

Dr. Ronald E. McNair Academic High School

The Jersey City Public Schools serve students three years and older from Pre-K 3 through twelfth grade. The district is one of 31 Abbott districts statewide,[196] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[197][198]

Dr. Ronald E. McNair Academic High School was the second-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 322 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2010 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked second in 2008 out of 316 schools.[199] and was selected as 41st best high school in the United States in Newsweek magazine's national 2011 survey.[200] William L. Dickinson High School is the oldest high school in the city and one of the largest schools in Hudson County in terms of student population. Opened in 1906 as the Jersey City High School it is one of the oldest school sites in the city, its a four-story Beaux-Arts building located on a hilltop facing the Hudson River.[201] Liberty High School is also one of the top schools in the Heights and the only high school that focuses on all academics. Other public high schools in Jersey City are James J. Ferris High School, Lincoln High School, and Henry Snyder High School. The Hudson County Schools of Technology (which also has campuses in North Bergen and Secaucus) has a campus in Jersey City, which includes County Prep High School.[202]

Among Jersey City's elementary and middle schools is Academy I Middle School and Frank R. Conwell Middle School #4, which is part of the Academic Enrichment Program for Gifted Students. Another school is Alexander D. Sullivan P.S. #30, an ESL magnet school in the Greenville district, which services nearly 800 Pre-k through 5th grade students.[203]

Jersey City also has 12 charter schools, which are run under a special charter granted by the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Education, including the Mathematics, Engineering, Technology and Science Charter School (for grades 6 - 12) and the Dr. Lena Edwards Charter School (for K-8), which were approved in January 2011.[204]

Private schools

Catholic schools

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark maintains a network of elementary and secondary Catholic schools serve every area of Jersey City. High schools administered by the Archdiocese are Hudson Catholic Regional High School, St. Anthony High School, Saint Dominic Academy and St. Peter's Preparatory School.[205] St. Mary High School - Closed in June 2011 due to declining enrollment[206]

Catholic grade schools include Our Lady of Mercy Academy, Our Lady of Czestochowa School, Resurrection School, Sacred Heart School, St. Aloysius Elementary Academy, St. Anne School, St. Joseph School and St. Nicholas School.[207]

Other private schools

Other private high schools in Jersey City include First Christian Pentecostal Academy[208] and Stevens Cooperative School.[209] Kenmare High School is operated through the York Street Project as part of an effort to reduce rates of poverty in households headed by women, through a program that offers small class sizes, individualized learning and development of life skills.[210]

A number of other charter and private schools are also available. Genesis Educational Center[211] is a private Christian school located in downtown Jersey City for ages newborn through 8th grade. The Jersey City Art School is a private art school located in downtown Jersey City for all ages.[212]

Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal

Museums and libraries

See also: Hudson County Exhibitions

The Jersey City Free Public Library has five regional branches, some of which have permanent collections and host exhibitions. At the Main Library, the New Jersey Room contains historical archives and photos. The Miller Branch is home to the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Society Museum. The Five Corners Branch specializes in works related to music and the fine arts, and is a gallery space. The library system also supports a bookmobile and five neighborhood libraries.[213]

Liberty State Park is home to Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal, the Interpretive Center, and Liberty Science Center, an interactive science and learning center. The center, which first opened in 1993 as New Jersey's first major state science museum, has science exhibits, the world's largest IMAX Dome theater, numerous educational resources, and the original Hoberman sphere.[214] From the park, ferries travel to both Ellis Island and the Immigration Museum and Liberty Island, site of The Statue of Liberty.[215]

The Jersey City Museum, Mana Contemporary, and the Museum of Russian Art, which specializes in Soviet Nonconformist Art,[216] include permanent collections and special exhibits.

Some stations of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail feature public art exhibitions, including those at Exchange Place, Danforth Avenue[217] and Martin Luther King Drive station.[218][219]

Commerce

Jersey City has several shopping districts, some of which are traditional main streets for their respective neighborhoods, such as Central, Danforth, and West Side Avenues. Journal Square is a major commercial district. Newport Mall is a regional shopping area.[220] Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[221]

Jersey City is home to the headquarters of Verisk Analytics[222] and Lord Abbett, a privately held money management firm.[223] Companies such as Computershare, ICAP, ADP, and Fidelity Investments also conduct operations in the city.[224] Goya Foods, which is headquartered in adjacent Secaucus, announced plans in 2011 to open a 500,000-square-foot distribution center in Jersey City.[225]

Media

Jersey City is located within the New York media market, most of its daily papers available for sale or delivery. The daily newspaper The Jersey Journal, located at its namesake Journal Square, covers Hudson County, its morning daily, Hudson Dispatch now defunct.[226] The Jersey City Reporter is part of the Hudson Reporter group of local weeklies. The Jersey City Independent is a web-only news outlet that covers politics and culture in the city.[227] The River View Observer is another weekly published in the city and distributed throughout the county. Another countywide weekly, El Especialito, also serves the city.[228] The Daily News maintains extensive publishing and distribution facilities at Liberty Industrial Park.[229]

WFMU 91.1FM (WMFU 90.1FM in the Hudson Valley), the longest running freeform radio station in the US, moved to Jersey City in 1998.[230] WSNR-620 AM is also licensed in the city.

Jersey City is the filming location for the 2012 reality television series Snooki & JWoww, a spinoff of Jersey Shore that stars Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi and Jennifer "JWoww" Farley living at a former firehouse at 38 Mercer Street at Grove Street in Downtown Jersey City.[231]

Notable landmarks

Notable people

Further information: List of people from Jersey City, New Jersey

See also

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Jersey City has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[236]

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