View source for HMS Despatch (1804)

{{Short description|Brig-sloop of the Royal Navy}}
{{Other ships|HMS Despatch|HMS Dispatch}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Snake (1797); Victor (1798); Cruiser (1797); Ferret (1806); Scorpion (1803); Swallow (1805); Musquito (1804); Scout (1804); Despatch (1804) RMG J4564.png
|Ship caption=''Despatch''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United&nbsp;Kingdom]]
|Ship flag=[[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
|Ship name=HMS ''Despatch'' or ''Dispatch''
|Ship ordered=27 November 1802
|Ship builder=Richard Symons & Co., [[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]]
|Ship laid down=April 1803
|Ship launched=26 May 1804
|Ship fate=Broken up September 1811
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption={{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=291}}
|Ship class=
|Ship type=[[Cruizer class brig-sloop|''Cruizer'' class brig-sloop]]
|Ship tons burthen=382 {{small|{{frac|42|94}}}} ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
|Ship length=*{{convert|100|ft|0|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (gundeck)
*{{convert|77|ft|3+1/2|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (keel)
|Ship beam={{convert|30|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught=
|Ship hold depth={{convert|12|ft|9|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship sail plan=[[Brig|Brig rigged]]
|Ship complement=121
|Ship armament=16 × 32-pounder [[carronade]]s + 2 × 6-pounder [[chase gun|bow guns]]
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''HMS ''Dispatch''''' (also '''''Despatch''''') was a [[Royal Navy]] [[Cruizer class brig-sloop|''Cruizer''-class brig-sloop]] built by Richard Symons & Co. at Falmouth and launched in 1804.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=291}} ''Dispatch'' was instrumental in the capture of a 40-gun French frigate and was active at the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)|Battle of Copenhagen in 1807]]. She also sailed on the [[Jamaica Station (Royal Navy)|Jamaica station]]. She was broken up relatively early, in 1811.

==Initial service==
She was commissioned in May 1804 under Commander Edward Hawkins for the Channel and cruising.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=291}} She then joined a squadron under Captain [[Thomas Dundas (Royal Navy officer)|Thomas Dundas]] in [[HMS Naiad (1797)|''Naiad'']].

On 25 October, Hawkins sighted two strange vessels some five or six [[League (unit)|leagues]] off [[Pointe du Raz]]. ''Dispatch'' captured both, which proved to be the French gun-vessels No. 345 and No. 353. Each was armed with two brass guns, one a 32-pounder and the other a 6-pounder. Each had a crew of 20 soldiers. They had left [[Brest, France|Brest]] for Odierne (or Dandiorne) but the wind had blown them out to sea. [[HMS Conquest (1794)|''Conquest'']] arrived on the scene and then the British sighted two more gun-vessels. ''Dispatch'' captured one, No. 371, armed like the two already captured, but with a crew of 22. Hawkins thought it too dangerous to try to send the three gun-vessels to England so he sank them after having removed the guns.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15749|date=27 October 1804|page=1233}}</ref>

At daylight 27 November 1804 while {{HMS|Naiad|1797|2}} was off Brest, she saw some small vessels open musket fire on boats belonging to {{HMS|Aigle|1801|2}} that were chasing them. (''Aigle'' had two seamen wounded, one dangerously.) ''Naiad'' gave chase and captured French gun-vessels Nos. 361 and 369. They each mounted one long brass 4 pounder gun and one short 12-pounder and had on board a lieutenant from the 63rd infantry regiment, 36 privates and six seamen. They had sailed with fourteen others from Dandiorne to [[Brest, France|Brest]]. Captain Thomas Dundas of ''Naiad'' ordered Hawkins and ''Dispatch'' to take the gunboats and prisoners in to Plymouth.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15761|date=8 December 1804|page=1489}}</ref>

On 28 April 1805 ''Dispatch'' capture the Spanish vessel of war, ''Nostra Senora del Anparo'', alias ''Espadarte''.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15838|date=27 August 1805|page=1097}}</ref> Late in the year ''Dispatch'' captured a number of merchantmen: ''Desir de la Paix'' (30 September), ''Genevieve'' (7 October), ''Louise'' (15 October), and ''Spadron'' (31 October).<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15920|date=17 May 1806|page=622}}</ref>

==French frigate ''Président''==
On 27 September 1806 ''Dispatch'' was part of a squadron under Rear-Admiral Sir [[Thomas Louis]] that included {{HMS|Canopus|1798|2}} and [[HMS Amfitrite (1804)|''Blanche'']]. The squadron captured the French 40-gun [[French frigate Président|French frigate ''Président'']], with ''Dispatch'' playing a critical role.

Louis's squadron had sailed to the [[Bay of Biscay]] to await the return of [[Jean-Baptiste Philibert Willaumez|Admiral Willaumez]] from the Caribbean. On spotting the ''Président'', the squadron gave chase but the ships of the line were not fast enough to catch her. However, ''Dispatch'' was able to get within firing range. ''Dispatch'' proceeded to harry ''Président'' with her forward guns, forcing ''Président'' to turn towards ''Blanche''. Seeing ''Président'' turn, Louis ordered ''Canopus'' to fire, even though the range was extreme. Realizing that the rest of the British squadron would arrive shortly, ''Président'' [[striking the colors|struck]], surrendering to ''Dispatch''. ''Président'' had suffered only minor damage and neither side suffered any casualties. The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS ''President''. Hawkins had been made [[post-captain]] two days prior to the action.<ref>James (1837) Vol. 4, pp.265-6.</ref>

A few weeks after this action, ''Dispatch'' captured two French merchantmen. One of the ships carried sardines and was of so little value that ''Dispatch'' promptly scuttled her. The larger ship carried brandy, coffee and some guns, so he sent her back to England with a prize crew.

Between 10 and 12 February 1807 Hawkins faced a court martial on board [[HMS Gladiator (1783)|''Gladiator'']] at Portsmouth. The charges, which had "aroused an unusual degree of interest", stemmed from when he had commanded ''Dispatch''.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 17, pp.154-8.</ref> Thomas Thompson, who had been master of ''Despatch'', had written an initially anonymous letter charging Hawkins with having willfully murdered a seaman, William Davie. Davie had been ill and Thompson charged that Hawkins's negligence and inattention between 9 and 25 December 1805 had brought about Davie's death. Hawkins advanced evidence that Davie was a skulker and under a surgeon's treatment for venereal disease, while also resorting to quack medicines. Character witnesses attested that Hawkins's behaviour was "always marked with humanity and gentleness"; the court declared the charges to be "scandalous and malicious" and acquitted Hawkins.<ref>''Sporting magazine: or, monthly calendar of the transactions of the turf, the chase and every other diversion interesting to the man of pleasure, enterprize, and spirit'', Volume 29, pp. 276-88.</ref>

==Baltic and Copenhagen==
In 1807 ''Dispatch'' sailed under Commander [[James Lillicrap]] for the North Sea, and was at Copenhagen in August. In the spring she convoyed a fleet of transports carrying two divisions of the [[King's German Legion]] from the Downs to the island of [[Rügen]] off the German Baltic coast where the French were besieging [[Stralsund]], then the capital of [[Swedish Pomerania]].{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}} She remained off the coast with a small squadron under Lillicrap to protect the troops. With the assistance of [[HMS Rosamond (1807)|''Rosamond'']], ''Dispatch'' covered the eventual evacuation of [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|King Gustavus]] in a Swedish frigate.{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}}

While still on the station, ''Dispatch'', her sister ship {{HMS|Mutine|1806|2}}, and {{HMS|Censor |1801|2}} fired broadsides at the French outposts near [[Greifswald]].{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}} On 21 August ''Dispatch'' escorted the last troops to leave Rugen to Kioge Bay in Zealand to join the rest of the army, which had landed five days earlier to prepare for the attack on Copenhagen.{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}}

''Dispatch'' was one of six British warships that shared in the capture on 23 August of the Danish vessel ''Speculation''.<ref>{{London Gazette|page=2275|issue=1667|date=10 November 1812}}</ref>

When ''Dispatch'' joined Admiral [[James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier|James Gambier]] off Copenhagen, Lillicrap was ordered to mount four long 18-pounders to give ''Dispatch'' a greater capability to fight the Danish gunboats.{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}} Lillicrap was also to join the inshore squadron as the senior commander under Captain Puget.{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}} ''Dispatch'' found herself engaging Danish gunboats almost daily.{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}} In the general promotion that followed in the capture of the Danish fleet, 17 commanders junior to Lillicrap received promotion; Lillicrap, despite recommendations, did not.{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}}

''Dispatch'' sailed for Jamaica on 29 February 1808.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=291}} In June she recaptured ''Grinder'', Ferguson, master. ''Grinder'' had been sailing from Jamaica to the Indian Coast when the French privateer ''Duguay Trouin'' had captured her on 7 June off [[Port Royal]]. ''Grinder'' was taken back to Jamaica.<ref>''[[Lloyd's List]]'' [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735023?urlappend=%3Bseq=351 №4279.]</ref>

On the night of 2 October, while off Nevis with a convoy of merchantmen, ''Dispatch'' captured the small 1-gun French privateer schooner ''Dorade'', which had a crew of 20 men and mounted one brass gun.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16208|date=December 1808|page=1678}}</ref> ''Dispatch'' later retook a captured British merchant ship.{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}}

While on the Jamaica station Lillicrap visited Haiti where he spent time with the two contending Haitian chiefs, [[Henri Christophe]] and Christophe's co-conspirator and rival, [[Alexandre Pétion]].{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}} Christophe would in 1811 become the King of Haiti, and with him Lillicrap visited the [[Citadelle Laferrière]].{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}} Lillicrap was promoted to [[post-captain]] on 21 October 1810,{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}} but did not receive official notification until March 1811, at which time he sailed for home in {{HMS|Naiad|1797|2}}. He would then have to wait until January 1815 for his next command ({{HMS|Hyperion|1807|2}}).{{sfnp|Marshall|1828|pages=227-31}}

In November 1810 ''Dispatch'' was under Commander James Aberdouor.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=291}} She left [[Negril]] on 20 May 1811 with a convoy for England and arrived at Portsmouth 24 July from Jamaica and St. George's Channel.

==Fate==
''Dispatch'' was paid off in September 1811. She was broken up at Plymouth that same month.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=291}}

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{Cite book| last = James| first = William| authorlink = William James (naval historian)| year = 1837| title = The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV.| publisher = R. Bentley| volume =4}}
* {{cite RNB1823 |wstitle=Lillicrap, James |volume=sup |part=2 |page=227–231}}
* {{Cite book|first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth|year=2008|isbn=978-1-86176-246-7}}

==External links==
*[http://www.historicaleye.com/Drake.html The Boatswain's Call] An article exploring the life and service of HMS ''Dispatch''{{'}}s boatswain
*Phillips, Michael [http://www.ageofnelson.org/MichaelPhillips/info.php?ref=0750] Ships of the Old Navy – HMS ''Dispatch''; accessed 1 January 2010.

{{Cruizer class brig-sloop}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dispatch (1804)}}
[[Category:1804 ships]]
[[Category:Cruizer-class brig-sloops]]
[[Category:Ships built in England]]