View source for Kariya Munda

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image          =File:Kariya Munda.jpg
| caption        = 
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1936|4|20|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Khunti district|Anigara]], [[Bihar Province|Bihar]], (present-day [[Jharkhand]]), [[British India]]
| residence      = Anigara village, [[Khunti district]], [[Jharkhand]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| office         = [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
| term_start     = 8 June 2009
| term_end       = 18 May 2014
| predecessor    = [[Charanjit Singh Atwal]]
| successor      = [[M. Thambidurai]]
| 1blankname     = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]
| 1namedata      = [[Meira Kumar]]
| office1        = [[Ministry of New and Renewable Energy|Minister of Non-Conventional Energy Sources]] 
| term_start1    = 9 January 2004
| term_end1      = 22 May 2004
| primeminister1 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| predecessor1   = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| successor1     = [[Vilas Muttemwar]]
| office2        = [[Ministry of Coal|Minister of Coal]]
| term_start2    = 29 January 2003
| term_end2      = 9 January 2004
| predecessor2   = [[Uma Bharti]]
| successor2     = [[Mamta Banerjee]]
| primeminister2 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| office3        = [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|Minister of Agro & Rural Industries]]
| term_start3    = 1 September 2001
| term_end3      = 29 January 2004
| primeminister3 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| predecessor3   = [[Vasundhara Raje]]
| successor3     = [[Sangh Priya Gautam]]
| office4        = [[Ministry of Steel|Minister of state for Steel]] & [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Mines]]
| term_start4    = 14 August 1977
| term_end4      = 28 July 1979
| primeminister4 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| minister4      = [[Biju Patnaik]]
| office5        = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start5    = 2009
| term_end5      = 2019
| predecessor5   = [[Sushila Kerketta]]
| successor5     = [[Arjun Munda]]
| constituency5  = [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]]
| term_start6    = 1989
| term_end6      = 2004
| predecessor6   = [[Simon Tigga]]
| successor6     = [[Sushila Kerketta]]
| constituency6  = [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]]
| term_start7    = 1977
| term_end7      = 1980 
| predecessor7   = [[Niral Enem Horo]]
| successor7     = [[Niral Enem Horo]]
| constituency7  = [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]]
| office8        = Member of [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8    = 2005
| term_end8      = 2009
| predecessor8   = ''constituency created''
| successor8     = [[Sawan Lakra]]
| constituency8  = [[Khijri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khijri]]
| party          = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse         = {{marriage|Sunanda Devi|1967}}
| children       = 2 sons, 3 daughters
| father         = Hadwa Munda
| mother         = Chambri Devi
| signature      = Signature of Karia Munda.svg
| awards         = [[Padma Bhushan]] 2019
| alma_mater     = [[Ranchi University]]
| education      = [[Master of Arts|M.A.]]
| source         = http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=259&lastls=16
}}
'''Kariya Munda''' (born 20 April 1936) is an Indian politician who served as [[Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha|Deputy Speaker]] of the [[15th Lok Sabha]]. He has been a minister in the [[Government of India]], serving in the governments led by the [[Janata Party]] in 1977 and by [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janata Party]] from 1999 onwards.

== Early life ==

Munda was born in [[Khunti district]], near the state capital of [[Ranchi]] of [[Jharkhand]] state in India. Khunti is among the predominantly tribal belt in the central-eastern part of India. Incidentally, the village 'Ulihatu' near Khunti, is also the birthplace of the legendary, great tribal leader called [[Birsa Munda]]. Munda passed his M.A. examination from [[Ranchi University]], in Anthropology, a subject which also predominantly studies the tribals in India and elsewhere.

== Political career ==
=== Lok Sabha elections ===
Munda was 1st elected to the [[6th Lok Sabha]] in 1977 from [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]] constituency in [[Bihar]] state (presently, in [[Jharkhand]] state). He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2009 from the same constituency of Khunti. In between, he was also elected and served as MLA to the Legislative Assemblies of Bihar and later, Jharkhand. Needless to say, being a representative of the people so repetitively, he has been equally popular among all sections of the society.

He was inducted into the [[Morarji Desai]] government in 1977 and given the portfolio of Steel Ministry, in the capacity as the Minister of State. He was a cabinet minister in the ministry headed by [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], including the famous stint in the 13 days' government in 1999 and afterward. He has now been among the senior leaders of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], rising from the days of the 'Jansangh' and have witnessed many ups and downs in Indian politics, particularly since the days of emergency.

He was one of the candidates in the race to become first [[Chief Minister of Jharkhand]] at the time of its establishment in November 2000 but lost of [[Babulal Marandi]] and became the Minister for Agro and Rural Industries from September 2001 to January 2003 and Minister of Coal and Non-Conventional Energy Sources in [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Atal Bihari Vajpayee's third cabinet]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Munda meets Vajpayee: PTI|language=en-IN|work=The Rediff|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/09munda.htm|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Vajpayee ruffles feathers with reshuffle|language=en-IN|work=The Rediff|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/07cab1.htm|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Dissent breaks out in BJP's Jharkhand unit|language=en-IN|work=The Rediff|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/08munda.htm|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=BJP Jharkhand unit divided over CM issue|language=en-IN|work=The Rediff|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/09jhar.htm|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref>

In the 2004 Lok Sabha elections, he lost [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]] seat to [[Sushila Kerketta]] of [[Indian National Congress]]. He won the [[Khijri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khijri Vidhan Sabha seat]] in [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]].

During [[15th Lok Sabha]], Munda was unanimously elected [[Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha]]. He won the Khunti constituency for the 7th time in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections.

===Pathalgadi movement against tribal land law amendments===
{{Main|Pathalgadi movement}}
In 2016–2017, the [[Raghubar Das ministry]] was seeking amendments to the ''Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908'', and the ''Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949.'' These two original laws had safeguarded the rights of the tribal communities on their land. According to the existing laws the land transactions could only be done between the tribals. The new amendments gave the tribals the right to allow the government to make commercial use of the tribal land and to take the tribal land on lease. The proposed bill amending the existing law had been approved by the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]. The bills were sent to Murmu for approval in November 2016.<ref name="Telegraph Tribal">{{cite news |title=Tribal activists expect Droupadi Murmu to be assertive as President |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/tribal-activists-expect-droupadi-murmu-to-be-assertive-as-president/cid/1871370 |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=www.telegraphindia.com |date=23 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="Express Pathalgadi">{{cite news |title=Explained: What is the Pathalgadi movement, and what is JMM govt's stand on it? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-is-pathalgadi-movement-and-what-is-the-jmm-govts-stand-on-this-7114979/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=23 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

The tribal people had strongly objected to the proposed law. During the Pathalgardi rebellion, protests were held against the proposed amendments to the tenancy acts.<ref name="Tewary" /> In one incident the protests turned violent and the tribals abducted the security detail of BJP MP Karia Munda. Police responded with violent crackdown on the tribals, that caused the death of a tribal man. Criminal cases were filed against more than 200 people including the tribal rights activist Father [[Stan Swamy]]. Murmu, was criticized for her soft stand on police aggression against tribals during the movement. Being a tribal herself, Murmu was expected to speak up to the government in support of the tribals but it did not happen, and instead she appealed to the Pathalgarhi agitation leaders to repose faith in the constitution.<ref name="Telegraph Tribal" />

Murmu had received total of 192 memorandums against the amendments in the bill.<ref name="Telegraph Tribal" /> Then opposition leader [[Hemant Soren]] had said that the BJP government wanted to acquire tribal land through the two amendment Bills for the benefit of corporates. Opposition parties Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, the Congress, the Jharkhand Vikas Morcha and others had put intense pressure against the bill.<ref name="Tewary">{{cite news |last1=Tewary |first1=Amarnath |title=The Pathalgadi rebellion |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/the-pathalgadi-rebellion/article23530998.ece |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=13 April 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref> On 24 May 2017, Murmu relented and refused to give assent to the bills and returned the bill to the state government along with the memorandums she had received. The bill was later withdrawn in August 2017.<ref name="Telegraph Tribal" />

===2019  Lok Sabha elections===
He was one of the few elderly leaders of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] who was denied a ticket for the 2019 Lok Sabha elections.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/09/stories/2009060957740100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610052629/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/09/stories/2009060957740100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2009|title=Karia Munda is Deputy Speaker |last=Joshua|first=Anita|date=9 June 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=30 March 2010}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* [http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=259&lastls=16 Biographical Sketch: Member of Parliament: 13th Lok Sabha]

{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{16th LS members from Jharkhand}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–2019}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Munda, Kariya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Munda people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:People from Khunti district]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2005–2009]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Ranchi University alumni]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Coal ministers of India]]