View source for SM U-1 (Germany)

{{Short description|1906 German Type U 1 submarine}}
{{other ships|German submarine U-1}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}} 
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:SM U 1 800px.jpg|300px|alt=Picture of a submarine]]
|Ship caption=SM ''U-1'' at sea
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[German Empire]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|German Empire|naval}}
|Ship name=''U-1''{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=3}}
|Ship ordered=3 December 1904{{sfn|Rössler|1985|p=26}}
|Ship builder=[[Germaniawerft]], [[Kiel]]
|Ship original cost=1,905,000 [[German gold mark|Goldmark]]
|Ship yard number=119{{sfn|Rössler|1985|p=26}}
|Ship laid down=October 1905{{sfn|Rössler|1985|p=26}}
|Ship launched=4 August 1906{{sfn|Rössler|1985|p=26}}
|Ship completed=
|Ship commissioned=14 December 1906{{sfn|Rössler|1985|p=26}}
|Ship decommissioned=19 February 1919{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=3}}
|Ship homeport=
|Ship identification=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship fate=
|Ship status=On display in the [[Deutsches Museum]] in [[Munich]], Germany{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=3}}
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption={{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=3}}
|Ship class=[[German Type U 1 submarine]]
|Ship displacement=
*{{convert|238|t|LT|abbr=on|lk=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|283|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=3}}
|Ship length=
*{{convert|42.39|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[o/a]])
*{{convert|32.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[pressure hull]])
|Ship beam={{convert|3.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|3.17|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=
*2&nbsp;×&nbsp;[[Körting Hannover|Körting]] 6-cylinder two stroke [[kerosene]] motor with a total of  {{convert|400|PS|kW shp|lk=in|abbr=on|0}}
*2&nbsp;×&nbsp;[[Motor-generator|modyn]] by [[Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co.|Deutsche Elektrizitäts-Werke Aachen]] with a total of {{convert|400|PS|kW shp|abbr=on|0}}
*500 rpm surfaced
*500 rpm submerged
|Ship propulsion=
*2 shafts
*2&nbsp;×&nbsp;{{convert|1.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}} propellers
|Ship speed=*{{convert|10.8|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
*{{convert|8.7|kn}} submerged
|Ship range=
*{{convert|1500|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|50|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5|kn}}
|Ship test depth={{convert|30|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=2 officers, 10 men (later 3/19)
|Ship armament=1 × {{convert|45|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]] with 3 C/03 [[torpedo]]es
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox service record
|is_ship=yes
|label= 
|partof=*Training Flotilla
*1 August 1914 - 11 November 1918
|codes=
|commanders=
|operations=none
|victories=No ships sunk or damaged
}}
|}

'''SM ''U-1''''', also known in English as the '''German Type U 1 submarine''', was the first [[U-boat]] class of the U-boat series of submarines produced for the [[German Empire]]'s [[Imperial German Navy]]. Only one was built. The ''U-1'' was constructed by [[Germaniawerft]] in [[Kiel]] and was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 14 December 1906.<ref>Showell, p. 30</ref> When [[World War I]] began in 1914, the ''U-1'' was deemed obsolete and was used only for training until 19 February 1919, when it was struck by another vessel while on an exercise.

==Design==
[[File:U1-Gesamtansicht vom Heck her.JPG|thumb|left]]
The SM ''U-1'' was a redesigned [[Karp class submarine]] by Austrian born engineer {{Ill|Raimundo Lorenzo de Equevilley Montjustín|de}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.routeyou.com/es-de/location/view/48858077/submarino-sm-u-1 |title=SM ''U-1|website=www.routeyou.com|accessdate=30 August 2020|language=es}}</ref> working for the German shipbuilding company [[Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft]]. The main improvements over the export ''Karp'' class included trim tanks instead of a moveable weight, a redesigned forecastle to improve seagoing ability, a {{convert|10|cm|abbr=on}} larger diameter and strengthened [[pressure hull]] which prevented oil leakage from the external tanks, a rearrangement of the internal equipment and a heavier ballast keel.

[[File:Munich - Deutsches Museum - 07-0437.jpg|left|thumb|Center controls of U-1]]
The Imperial German Navy avoided the use of gasoline due to the perceived risk of fires and explosions that had caused many accidents in early submarines, and instead of the gasoline engines that had powered the ''Karp'' boats, ''U-1'' was given much safer [[Körting Hannover|Körting]] [[kerosene]] engines. While normally kerosene engines were started using gasoline, the ''U-1''{{'s}} engines avoided even this and instead used electrically-heated air.

The Körting engines could not be reversed and also had to run at full speed, since their rpm could not be varied to any useful extent, and as a consequence ''U-1'' was fitted with adjustable-pitch propellers to allow her speed to be controlled. These propellers were abandoned in later designs due to their poor efficiency, kerosene-electric propulsion being used instead before [[Diesel engine|diesel propulsion]] was finally installed in the {{SMU|U-19|Germany|2}} class in 1912-1913.

==History==
Construction on ''U-1'' began in the autumn of 1904. The boat began its trials in August 1906, a year later than originally planned. The total cost amounted to 1,905,000 [[German gold mark|Mark]] (equivalent to  €11,620,000 in 2016).<ref>{{cite web|title=Kaufkraftäquivalente historischer Beträge in deutschen Währungen|trans-title=Purchasing Power Equivalence of Historic Sums in German Currencies|publisher=[[German Federal Bank]]|date=October 2016|url=http://www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/Statistiken/Unternehmen_Und_Private_Haushalte/Preise/kaufkraftaequivalente_historischer_betraege_in_deutschen_waehrungen.pdf?__blob=publicationFile|access-date=14 January 2017|archive-date=27 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527162157/https://www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/Statistiken/Unternehmen_Und_Private_Haushalte/Preise/kaufkraftaequivalente_historischer_betraege_in_deutschen_waehrungen.pdf?__blob=publicationFile|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=3}}
After suffering damage from a collision while on a training exercise in 1919, ''U-1'' was sold to the Germaniawerft foundation at the [[Deutsches Museum]] in [[Munich]] where it was restored and can be viewed on display. A large portion of the starboard hull has been removed to allow visitors to see the submarine's interior.
{{clear left}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book
|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=German Warships 1815–1945, U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGröner1991
}}
*{{cite book | last = Jameson | first = William |title=The Most Formidable Thing: The Story of the Submarine from Its Earliest Days to the End of World War I | publisher = Rupert Hart-Davis | year = 1965 | isbn = 0-7603-1345-8}}
*{{cite book | last = Miller | first = David |title=The Illustrated Directory of Submarines | publisher = MBI Pub. Co. | year = 2003 | isbn = 0-7603-1345-8}}
*{{cite book | last = Rössler | first = Eberhard | title = The U-boat : the evolution and technical history of German submarines | publisher = Cassell | location = London | year = 1981 | isbn = 0304361208  }}
*{{cite book|last=Rössler|first=Eberhard|title=Die deutschen U-Boote und ihre Werften: U-Bootbau bis Ende des 1. Weltkriegs, Konstruktionen für das Ausland und die Jahre 1935–1945 |trans-title=The German Submarines and Their Shipyards: Submarine Construction Until the End of the First World War|volume=I|publisher=[[Bernard & Graefe]]
|location=Koblenz|year=1985|isbn=3-7637-5213-7|language=de}}
*{{cite book | last = Showell | first = Jak |title=''The U-Boat Century, German Submarine Warfare 1906-2006'' | publisher = Chatham Publishing | year = 2006 | location = Great Britain | isbn = 1-86176-241-0}}
*{{cite book|first=Robert C.|last=Stern|title=Battle Beneath the Waves: U-boats at War|publisher=Cassell Military Paperbacks|year=2002|isbn=0-304-36228-X}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
*{{cite Uboat.net
|name=U 1
|id=1
|type=1sub
|access-date=3 August 2006
}}

{{use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{WWI German ships}}
{{Oldest surviving ships (pre-1919)}}
{{coord|48|7|N|11|35|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:U0001}}
[[Category:Type U 1 submarines]]
[[Category:U-boats commissioned in 1906]]
[[Category:World War I submarines of Germany]]
[[Category:Ships preserved in museums]]
[[Category:1906 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Kiel]]
[[Category:Museum ships in Germany]]