View source for Transport in Qatar

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[[File:Diverging traffic on Onaiza St in Qatar.jpg|thumb|Diverging traffic in [[Doha]]]]
'''Transport in [[Qatar]]''' is primarily centered around the [[Doha Metropolitan Area]] (DMA), where approximately 2 million people reside and work. [[Doha]], the capital city, serves as the national hub for government, business, and tourism, but significant development occurs outside the city as part of the government's diversification strategy.<ref name="tmpq3">{{cite book|url=https://www.mot.gov.qa/sites/default/files/files/VOLUME%201_%20English.pdf|title=Updating Transportation Master Plan For Qatar (TMPQ)|volume=1 (Updated TMPQ Executive Summary)|publisher=Ministry of Transport|year=2021|page=3}}</ref>

Qatar has experienced remarkable economic and population growth in recent years, with the population surging from 1.7 million in 2008 to over 2.7 million by 2017, primarily in Greater Doha. Emerging development areas outside Doha, such as [[Lusail]] and [[Al Wakrah]], coupled with new Economic and Logistic Zones, reflect the country's steady economic growth. To sustain this growth, Qatar is investing in enhancing its transportation system, including constructing expressways and freeways and a comprehensive public transport system comprising the [[Doha Metro]], [[Lusail Tram|Lusail Light Rail Transit (LRT)]], and bus network upgrades.<ref name="tmpq3"/>

==Government initiatives==
===Expressway Programme===
The Expressway Programme aims to supply approximately 800 kilometers of secure and efficient roadways by executing over 30 projects dispersed across 46 contracts. Furthermore, the Programme aims to establish an integrated infrastructure network with modern, dependable underground utilities such as stormwater systems, electricity services, and advanced transportation systems. The initiative will also focus on enhancing the aesthetics of roads and providing better amenities for cyclists and pedestrians.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ashghal.gov.qa/en/Projects/Pages/The-Expressway-Programme.aspx|title=Expressway Programme|publisher=Ashghal|accessdate=5 May 2024}}</ref>

===2008 Transport Master Plan for Qatar (TMLQ)===
In 2008, Qatar introduced its first Transportation Master Plan (TMPQ 2008), outlining a comprehensive strategy for land transportation, encompassing various initiatives and projects to meet current and future transport needs. Recognizing the evolving challenges and opportunities, the Ministry of Transport (MOT) initiated a significant update to the plan in 2017 to align with the objectives of [[Qatar National Vision 2030]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.mot.gov.qa/sites/default/files/files/VOLUME%201_%20English.pdf|title=Updating Transportation Master Plan For Qatar (TMPQ)|volume=1 (Updated TMPQ Executive Summary)|publisher=Ministry of Transport|year=2021|page=1}}</ref>

== Public transport ==
[[File:Qatar National Day Celebration - Bus.jpg|thumb|left|A public transit bus in a parade]]
In 2002, the Qatari government launched Mowasalat, a company 100% owned by the government, managed and operated by the state authorities to ensure the smooth provision of integrated ground-transport services for the entire country. Previously, 3,000 privately owned orange taxicabs used to rule the streets of Qatar but the government took them off the roads as they saw them as a threat to the new Mowasalat taxis. There has been much controversy over this move, as it is now very hard to find a taxi<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.onlineqatar.com/living/transportation/qatar-taxi-fares-and-types-of-taxies-in-doha |title=Taxi fares in Doha Qatar|publisher=OnlineQatar|date=2019-04-09 |access-date=2019-04-09 }}</ref> in [[Doha]].

Public [[bus]]es now service over 35 routes covering most locations of Doha with minimal fares making public transport in Qatar an inexpensive solution to the problems of rush hours and parking difficulties.

Mowasalat, under the brand-name Karwa, now operates more than 3,000 new taxi sedans including the recently acquired airport taxis with spacious cabins using 2007 Ford Freestars and more than 120 public buses, school buses, and private-hire coaches. In 2009, the Mowasalat created a world record for the largest parade of buses numbering 300 in all.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qnaol.net/QNAEn/Local_News/Misc/Pages/MowasalatEnterstheGuinnessWorld21082009.aspx |title=QNA &#124; Miscellaneous &#124; Mowasalat Enters the Guinness World Records |access-date=2010-11-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721220935/http://www.qnaol.net/QNAEn/Local_News/Misc/Pages/MowasalatEnterstheGuinnessWorld21082009.aspx |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> In addition, its Doha Limousine Service has 100 standard limousines and 200 Jaguar XJ VIP units that are mostly placed at the Doha International Airport and at major hotels. In 2021, 'Karwa' acquired a fleet of diesel vehicles with [[European emission standards|Euro 5]] standard in order to remove particulate matter from exhausts, reducing it to the equivalent of one gram of sand per kilometer driven.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MENAFN|title=Qatar - Karwa to adopt AdBlue to limit emissions|url=https://menafn.com/1103456950/Qatar-Karwa-to-adopt-AdBlue-to-limit-emissions|access-date=2021-12-29|website=menafn.com}}</ref>

However, those without personal transportation still face difficulties to move around since the number of taxis is much lower than the actual need of the population. All buses operate only on specific assigned lines based at the Central Bus Stations at Al-Ghanem area of the old city.<ref>[http://qmotor.com/ Qatar Motor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219160853/http://qmotor.com/ |date=2016-12-19 }}.</ref>

The Ministry of Transport and Communications stated that Public bus ridership has increased by 40% between 2015 and 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulf-times.com/story/639828|title=Public bus ridership in Qatar jumps 40% between 2015 and 2018|date=2019-08-24|website=Gulf-Times|language=ar|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref>

== Railways ==
 
In August 2008, [[Qatar Investment Authority|Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment]] created a joint venture with [[Deutsche Bahn]] of Germany, Qatar Railway Development Company to plan a railway network in Qatar.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//db-to-develop-qatar-rail-plan.html | title=DB to develop Qatar rail plan | magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] | date=2008-08-29 | access-date=2008-08-30 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810135409/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/db-to-develop-qatar-rail-plan.html | archive-date=2011-08-10 }}</ref>
On 22 November 2009, Deutsche Bahn and Qatari signed a memorandum of Agreement to build high-speed railway lines and underground transport networks in Qatar and Bahrain.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20091122/wl_mideast_afp/germanyqatarbahrainrailcontractcompanydeutschebahn |title=Deutsche Bahn inks lucrative contract in Qatar |publisher=Yahoo News |date=2009-11-22 |access-date=2009-11-22 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>Qatar railway moves forward ''[[Railway Age]]'' January 2010 page 7</ref> This agreement has never been executed.
The Qatar Railways Development Company (QRDC) was created in 2011, and soon after it was decided that [[Qatar Rail]] would be the sole owner and manager of Qatar's rail network and would be responsible for the design, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance of the entire rail network and systems. However,

Qatar Rail consists of:

* [[Doha Metro]] (Contract awarded for civil works, Rolling Stocks and Systems).
* [[Lusail LRT|Light rail transit]] for Lusail (the other LRT systems in Doha, namely for Education City and Hamad International Airport are managed outside Qatar Rail.
* Long Distance.

The total length of the Qatar Rail network consists of approximately: 
* 750&nbsp;km of track
* 100 stations for both passenger and freight<ref name="test">[http://www.qr.com.qa/ Qatar Rail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115043903/http://www.qr.com.qa/ |date=2012-01-15 }}.</ref>

=== Doha Metro ===
In June 2013, Qatar Rail awarded four design and build contracts worth approximately $8.2 billion for phase one of the Doha metro. The project included four rail lines and an underground section in the center of the capital Doha, and links to stadiums for the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]] soccer tournament. The contracts were for the Red Line North project, the Red Line South project, the Green Line project and another one to design and build the metro's major stations. The projects are expected to employ more than 20,000 workers at its peak, construction is scheduled to begin later this year for completion by 2019. Metro construction was originally planned to start in the first quarter of 2010.<ref>{{Cite web | title =Qatar Railways Development Company - Doha Metro Network | work =Projects Monitor | publisher =Zawya | year =2010 | url =http://www.zawya.com/projects/project.cfm/pid220108125606?cc | access-date =2 December 2010 }}</ref>

Doha Metro's [[Red Line (Doha Metro)|Red Line]] became the first line officially opened to the public on 8 May 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Qatar rolls out first-ever 'landmark' metro for public|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/qatar-rolls-landmark-metro-public-190508104457971.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=8 May 2019|access-date=13 December 2019}}</ref> This was followed by the launch of the [[Gold Line (Doha Metro)|Gold Line]] on 21 November 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/transport-and-mobility-projects/doha-metro-gold-line-opens/55206.article|title=Doha metro Gold Line opens|publisher=Railway Gazette International|date=25 November 2019|access-date=13 December 2019}}</ref> and the opening of the [[Green Line (Doha Metro)|Green Line]] on 10 December 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/10/12/2019/All-Doha-Metro-lines-open-for-public|title=All Doha Metro lines open for public|publisher=The Peninsula|date=10 December 2019|access-date=13 December 2019}}</ref>

=== Standards ===
* Gauge: {{railgauge|1435 mm}}
* Brakes: Air
* Couplings (freight): TBA
* Electrification: [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV AC]]

== Highways ==
[[File:Qatar, Dukhan Highway.JPG|thumb|right|Highway Q3 (from Doha to [[Dukhan]])]]
*Total: 1,230&nbsp;km
*Paved: 1,107&nbsp;km
*Unpaved: 123&nbsp;km (1996 est.)

Most of the main roads have been updated to multilane, double carriageway [[motorways]], including the following:

* Al Shamal Highway: [[Doha]] - [[Ar Ru'ays]]. Length: 109&nbsp;km.
* Doha Highway: [[Doha]] - [[Mesaieed]]. Length: 57&nbsp;km.
* Garafat Ar Rayyan Highway: [[Doha]] - [[Dukhan]]. Length: 82&nbsp;km.
* Al Khor Highway: [[Doha]] - [[Al Khor]]. Length: 45&nbsp;km.
* Salwa Highway (constructed in 1970):<ref>{{cite web|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c026189830|title=The era of reform|location=New York|publisher=Permanent Mission of the State of Qatar to the United Nation|page=18|year=1973}}</ref> [[Doha]] - [[Abu Samra]]. Length: 100&nbsp;km.
* Umm Bab Highway: [[Dukhan]] - Salwa Highway. length: 61&nbsp;km.
* [[Al Majd Road]] (constructed in 2017 as the "Orbital Highway") is the longest highway in [[Qatar]], running at a length of 195&nbsp;km from south-to-north.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://constructingexcellence.qa/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/Expressway-Programme-Project-Booklet.pdf|publisher=KBR|title=Expressway Programme Project Booklet|page=33|access-date=17 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121221/http://constructingexcellence.qa/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/Expressway-Programme-Project-Booklet.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> It begins in [[Mesaieed]] and extends north towards [[Ras Laffan]] on the coast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ashghal.gov.qa/en/MediaHub/News/Pages/Orbital-Road-a-Key-Artery-to-link-Northern-Central-and-Southern-Qatar.aspx#.XEAJxFxKiyI|title=Orbital Road a Key Artery to link Northern, Central and Southern Qatar|publisher=Ashghal|date=14 February 2018|access-date=17 January 2019}}</ref>

==Pedestrian infrastructure==
[[File:A rendering of a covered overpass as part of the Qatar Pedestrian Crossings Master Plan.png|thumb|A rendering of one of the covered pedestrian bridges planned for [[West Bay (Doha)|West Bay]]]]
In a bid to improve pedestrian accessibility in congested areas, the Prime Minister of Qatar, [[Abdullah bin Nasser Al Thani (prime minister)|Abdullah bin Nasser Al Thani]], announced the inauguration of the Pedestrian Crossings Master Plan in 2018. This comprehensive plan details 50 pedestrian crossings to be built throughout Qatar, mainly in [[Doha]], and includes 26 [[Footbridge|pedestrian bridges]] and [[Subway (underpass)|tunnels]], and 24 [[Pedestrian crossing|crosswalks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/582368/pm-launches-pedestrian-crossings-master-plan|title=PM launches Pedestrian Crossings Master Plan|publisher=The Peninsula Qatar|date=20 February 2018|accessdate=2 May 2024}}</ref>

== Pipelines ==
[[Crude Oil]] 235&nbsp;km; [[Natural Gas]] 400&nbsp;km

[[File:Qatar, Al Khor (15), Dhows in the harbour.JPG|thumb|Dhows with fishing gear in the harbour in [[Al Khor]]]]

== Ports and harbours ==

=== [[Persian Gulf]] ===
* [[Doha]] Port
* [[Halul Island]] Port
* [[Umm Sa'id]] Port
* [[Ras Laffan]] Port
* [[Hamad Port]]
* [[Ar Ru'ays]] Port

== Merchant marine ==
*Total: 24 ships (1,000 GT or over) totalling 721,756 GT/{{DWT|1,132,510|metric|disp=long}}
*Ships by type: cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 5 (1999 est.)

== Airports ==
[[Hamad International Airport]] is the only international passenger airport in Qatar. There are five other airfields in the country, three paved, two unpaved.

== See also ==
*[[Transport in Doha]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{CIA World Factbook}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Transport in Qatar}}

{{Qatar topics}}
{{Asia topic|Transport in}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Qatar}}
[[Category:Transport in Qatar| ]]