View source for Trieste Centrale railway station

{{short description|Railway station in Trieste, Italy}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Trieste Centrale
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = it
| image = Trieste Centrale (IMG 20211010 115938).jpg
| image_caption = The main entrance
| alt = Trieste Centrale
| address = Piazza della Libertà<br>34132 Trieste TS
| borough = [[Trieste]], [[Province of Trieste|Trieste]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
| country = Italy
| map_type = Italy Friuli-Venezia Giulia#Northern Italy#Italy
| map_caption = Location in Friuli-Venezia Giulia##Location in Northern Italy##Location in Italy
| coordinates = {{coord|45.657470|13.772105|type:railwaystation_region:IT-TS_source:googlemaps|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = 
| line = [[Venice–Trieste railway|Venice–Trieste]]<br>[[Udine–Trieste railway|Udine–Trieste]]<br>[[Spielfeld-Straß–Trieste railway|Vienna–Trieste]]
| train_operators = [[Trenitalia]]
| connections = {{Plainlist|
* [[Trieste Trasporti]], suburban and international buses
* Ferries to [[Durrës]]
 }}
| distance = 
| structure = 
| platform = 
| levels = 
| tracks = 
| opened = {{Start date and age|1857|07|27|df=y}}
| closed = 
| rebuilt = 
| architect = 
| electrified = 
| code = 
| iata = TXB
| owned = 
| operator = [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana]]<br>[[Centostazioni]]
| classification = [[Railway stations in Italy#Classification|Gold]]
| passengers = 
| pass_year = 
| pass_percent = 
| pass_system = 
}}
'''Trieste Centrale railway station''' {{airport codes|TXB}} ({{langx|it|Stazione ferroviaria di Trieste Centrale}}; formerly {{langx|de|Triest Südbahnhof}}) is  the [[Central station|main station]] serving the city and municipality ([[comune]]) of [[Trieste]], in the [[Autonomous regions with special statute|autonomous]] [[Regions of Italy|region]] of [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Northeast Italy|northeastern Italy]].

Opened in 1857, the station is a [[terminal station|terminus]] for direct lines to [[Venice–Trieste railway|Venice]], [[Udine–Trieste railway|Udine]] and [[Spielfeld-Straß–Trieste railway|Vienna]], and for the belt line leading to Trieste's [[marshalling yard]], near the now closed [[Trieste Campo Marzio Railway Museum|Trieste Campo Marzio railway station]].<ref>[[:it:Stazione di Trieste Campo Marzio]]</ref>

Trieste Centrale is currently managed by [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana]] (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the [[station building|passenger building]] is managed by [[Centostazioni]].  Train services towards Italy from the station are operated by [[Trenitalia]], a subsidiary of [[Ferrovie dello Stato]] (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company and Italian private company [[Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori]]. A daily international connection is operated by [[ÖBB]] towards [[Wien]] via [[Ljubljana]].

==Location==
Trieste Centrale railway station is situated at Piazza della Libertà, north of the city centre.  It is at the western end of the Borgo Teresiano<ref>[[:it:Borgo Teresiano]]</ref> district, adjacent to the old [[List of free ports|free]] [[port of Trieste]].

==History==
[[File:TramTriesteAtStation.jpg|left|thumb|181x181px|A tram at the Piazza Oberdan terminus for the interurban line to Villa Opicina ]]
The present day rail network of the city of Trieste is based, for the most part, upon railway lines constructed by the former [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] and [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] empires.  On 27 July 1857, the Austrian railway company ''[[:de:k.k. Südliche Staatsbahn|k.k. Südliche Staatsbahn]]'' (SStB) completed the construction of Trieste's first railway facilities.  They formed part of the Vienna–Trieste railway, via the [[Semmering railway|Semmering pass]].

On the same day, in the presence of the [[Emperors of Austria|Austrian Emperor]] [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph I]], the new [[terminal station]] at Trieste, including its relatively modest original passenger building designed by the engineer [[Carl Ritter von Ghega]] (Italian: ''Carlo Ghega''), was officially opened.<ref name="trenidicarta.it">{{cite web| author=Alessandro Tuzza| url=http://www.trenidicarta.it/aperture.html| title=Prospetto cronologico dei tratti di ferrovia aperti all'esercizio dal 1839 al 31 dicembre 1926| trans-title=Chronological overview of the features of the railways opened between 1839 and 31 December 1926|website=www.trenidicarta.it |publisher=Alessandro Tuzza| access-date=17 December 2010|language=it|display-authors=etal}}</ref>  It had been built on reclaimed land, at the site of the present Trieste Centrale.

The following year, on 23 September 1858, the station, along with the rest of the line, passed into the ownership of the private railway company Imperial Royal Privileged Southern Railway Company of [[Austria]], [[Venice]] and [[central Italy]] (German: ''{{lang|de|[[:de:Südbahngesellschaft|Kaiserlich königliche privilegierte Südbahngesellschaft]]}}''), following the takeover by that company of the privatised ''k.k. Südliche Staatsbahn''.

The inclusion of Trieste in the main axis of the Austrian ''[[Southern Railway (Austria)|Südbahn]]'' generated an economic upswing in the largest and most important port city ruled by the Austrian monarchy, and strengthened its position in the [[Austrian Empire|Habsburg Empire]].  Rapid development of trade routes to and from Trieste, and therefore also the city itself, soon led to a decision to replace the original passenger building.  The new, more elegant, and richly styled [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Neo-Renaissance]] structure was designed by Wilhelm von Flattich.<ref>[[:de:Wilhelm von Flattich]]</ref>  Its most notable features were a monumental hall, later known as the Royal Hall, and a majestic glass train hall. Its inauguration took place on 19 June 1878.[[File:Trieste Centrale ETR 563.jpg|left|thumb|221x221px|An [[ETR 563]] at Trieste Centrale.]]In 1887, the [[Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways]] (German: ''{{lang|de|kaiserlich-königliche österreichische Staatsbahnen}}'') opened a new railway line, the Trieste–Hrpelje railway (German: ''{{lang|de|Hrpelje-Bahn}}''),<ref>[[:it:Ferrovia Trieste-Erpelle]]</ref> from the new port of Trieste to [[Municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina|Hrpelje-Kozina]], on the Istrian railway.<ref name="trenidicarta.it" /><ref>[[:it:Ferrovia Istriana]]</ref>  The intended function of the new line was to reduce the Austrian Empire's dependence on the ''Südbahn'' network.<ref>{{cite web| author=Oberegger, Elmar| url=http://members.a1.net/edze/enzyklopaedie/hrpelje.htm| title=Hrpelje-Bahn| trans-title=Hrpelje Railway| website=members.a1.net/edze/index.html| publisher=Oberegger, Elmar| access-date=7 March 2011| language=de| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723001106/http://members.a1.net/edze/enzyklopaedie/hrpelje.htm| archive-date=23 July 2011}}</ref>  Its opening gave Trieste a second station, which was named ''Trieste Sant'Andrea'' (German: ''{{lang|de|Triest Sankt Andrea}}'').  The two stations were connected by a railway line that in the initial plans had to be an interim solution: the Rive railway (German: ''{{lang|de|Rive-Bahn}}'').<ref>[[:it:Linea delle Rive]]</ref>

With the opening of the [[Bohinj railway|Jesenice-Trieste railway]] (part of the network of railway lines known as the Transalpine Railway) in 1906, the St Andrea station was replaced by a new, more capacious, facility, named ''Trieste stazione dello Stato'' (German: ''{{lang|de|Triest Staatsbahnhof}}''). The original station came to be identified as ''Trieste stazione della Meridionale'' or ''Trieste Meridionale'' (German: ''{{lang|de|Triest Südbahnhof}}'').

Following [[World War I]] and the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)]], both stations came under the management of the FS.  The original station was later renamed ''Trieste Centrale'', and ''Trieste stazione dello Stato'' became ''Trieste Campo Marzio''.

With the addition of the station to the Centostazioni project, it became possible to subject the passenger building to a long restoration and renovation. The work was completed in 2007, and included the full restoration of access from Via Miramare to the Royal Hall.

==Features==
{{unreferencedsect|date=September 2024}}
[[File:Trieste railway station (4).JPG|thumb|left|View of the station yard.]]
The renovated station (by Centostazioni in 2007) houses a large passenger building with facilities including a ticket office, central waiting area, chapel, bar, supermarket, bookshop, pharmacy and a new lounge dedicated to high-speed train passengers (Freccia Club, formerly Eurostar Italia). There are offices for the railway police, Trenitalia and its operations management.

As a terminal station, Trieste Centrale has nine terminating tracks used for passenger service, which is served by five platforms. In 2009, a terminal was opened for the transport of cars. There are also track sidings, a [[locomotive shed]] and workshops. Due to its close proximity to the port of Trieste, the station has no [[goods yard]].

The urban bus stops are directly located in front of the station's main entrance. The Autostazione bus station is located to the south and there are long-distance services to Slovenia, Austria and the Balkan Peninsula.
{{clear|left}}

==Train services==
The station has about six million passenger movements each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.centostazioni.it/flussi.html|title=Flussi Annui nelle 103 Stazioni|trans-title=Annual flows at the 103 stations|work=Centostazioni website|publisher=[[Centostazioni]]|access-date=3 December 2010|language=it|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209060511/http://www.centostazioni.it/flussi.html|archive-date=9 February 2010}}</ref>  It is served by trains linking it with all of Italy.

The station is served by the following services:
* High speed services (''Frecciargento'') ''Rome – Florence – Bologna – Padua – Venice – Trieste''
* High speed services (''Frecciarossa'') ''Turin – Milan – Verona – Padua – Venice – Trieste''
* Intercity services ''Rome – Florence – Bologna – Padua – Venice – Trieste''
* Night train (''Intercity Notte'') ''Rome – Bologna – Venice – Udine – Trieste''
* Express services (''Regionale Veloce'') ''Venice – Portogruaro – Cervignano del Friuli – Trieste''
* Express services (''Regionale Veloce'') ''Venice – Treviso – Udine – Gorizia – Trieste''
* Regional services (''Treno regionale'') ''Venice – Treviso – Udine – Gorizia – Trieste''
* Regional services (''Treno regionale'') ''Tarvisio – Carnia – Gemona del Friuli – Udine – Cervignano del Friuli – Trieste''
* Regional services (''Treno regionale'') ''Ljubljana – Sežana – Trieste''
* Eurocity ''Vienna – Ljubljana – Trieste''

{{S-start|noclear=yes}}
{{s-rail|title=Trenitalia}}
{{s-line|system=IT-Eurostar|line=Frecciargento|type=Roma Termini|type2=Trieste Centrale|previous=Trieste Airport|next=}}
{{s-line|system=IT-Eurostar|line=Frecciarossa|type=Torino Porta Nuova|type2=Trieste Centrale|previous=Monfalcone|next=}}
{{s-line|system=IT-Intercity|type=Roma Termini|type2=Trieste Centrale|previous=Monfalcone|next=}}
{{s-line|system=IT-ICN|line=|type=Roma Termini|type2=Trieste Centrale|previous=Monfalcone|next=}}
{{s-line|system=IT-Treno regionale|type=Venezia Santa Lucia|type2=Trieste Centrale|previous=Monfalcone|next=|branch=via Portogruaro}}
{{s-line|system=IT-Treno regionale|type=Venezia Santa Lucia|type2=Trieste Centrale|previous=Monfalcone|next=|branch=via Udine}}
{{s-line|system=IT-Treno regionale|type=Venezia Santa Lucia|type2=Trieste Centrale|previous=Miramare|next=|branch=via Udine}}
{{s-line|system=IT-Treno regionale|type=Tarvisio Boscoverde|type2=Trieste Centrale|previous=Monfalcone|next=}}
{{s-line|system=IT-Treno regionale|type=Ljubljana|type2=Trieste Centrale|previous=Villa Opicina|next=}}
{{s-end}}

== Images ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Trieste Centrale (IMG 20211010 115846).jpg|The entry to Trieste Centrale
File:Trieste Centrale (IMG 20211009 171334).jpg|Inside Trieste Centrale.
File:Trieste Centrale (IMG 20211010 120322 01).jpg|Looking up inside Trieste Centrale.
File:FS push-pull train (02).JPG|An FS push-pull train at Trieste Centrale.
File:FS E656 and E646 series locomotives.JPG|[[FS Class E.656]] and [[FS Class E.646]] at Trieste Centrale.
File:04 529 Bf Triest, Mitteleinstiegsteuerwagen.jpg|Push pull train at Trieste Centrale.
</gallery>

==See also==
{{portal|Trains|Architecture|Italy}}
* [[History of rail transport in Italy]]
* [[List of railway stations in Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
* [[Rail transport in Italy]]
* [[Railway stations in Italy]]

==References==
<!--===Notes===-->
{{reflist|1}}
<!--===Further reading===-->

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Trieste Centrale train station|Trieste Centrale railway station}}

{{Trieste}}
{{Centostazioni}}
{{Italian railway stations}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Trieste]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Italy opened in 1857]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in the Austrian Empire]]