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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hyderabad
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| other_name =
| settlement_type = {{nowrap|Metropolitan city}}
| image_skyline = Hyderabad india .jpg
| image_alt =A well-lit structure with four minarets, and dark night-sky in the background
| image_caption = [[Charminar]], the iconic monument of Hyderabad
| nickname = City of Pearls
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Hyderabad in India
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates      = {{coord|17.366|N|78.476|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name =  {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Deccan]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|Districts]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]], [[Rangareddy district|Rangareddy]] and [[Medak district|Medak]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1591 AD
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body = [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|GHMC]], [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority|HMDA]]
| leader_title1 = [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = [[Mohammad Majid Hussain]]
| leader_title2 = [[Police commissioner]]
| leader_name2 = Anurag Sharma
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = 
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 650
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 536
| population_total = 6,809,970
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = [[List of most populous cities in India|4th]]
| population_density_km2 = 18,480
| population_metro = 7,749,334
| population_blank1_title = Metro rank
| population_blank1 = [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|6th]]
| population_metro_footnotes = <!-- Source is available in demographic section -->
| population_demonym = Hyderabadi
| population_footnotes = <!-- Source is available in demographic section -->
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|ZIP code(s)]]
| postal_code = 500 xxx, 501 xxx, 502 xxx, 508 xxx, 509 xxx
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91–40]], 8413, 8414, 8415, 8417, 8418, 8453, 8455
| registration_plate = AP 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 28 & 29
| blank2_name             = {{nowrap|[[Official language]]}}
| blank2_info             = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| website          = {{URL|www.ghmc.gov.in}}
| footnotes        =
}}
'''Hyderabad''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Hyderabad.ogg|ˈ|h|aɪ|d|ər|ə|b|ae|d }}) is the capital of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It occupies {{Convert|650|km2|sqmi}} on the banks of the [[Musi River (India)|Musi River]] on the [[Deccan Plateau]] in [[South India|southern India]]. The population of the city is 6.8 million and that of its [[metropolitan area]] is 7.75 million, making it India's [[List of most populous cities in India|fourth most populous city]] and [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|sixth most populous urban agglomeration]]. The Hyderabad Municipal Corporation was expanded in 2007 to form the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Hyderabad experiences substantial pollution and other logistical and socio-economic problems.

Hyderabad was established in 1591 [[Common Era|CE]] by [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]. It remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty until 1687, when Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] conquered the region and the city became part of the Deccan province of the [[Mughal empire]]. In 1724 [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Asif Jah I]], a Mughal viceroy, declared his sovereignty and formed the Asif Jahi dynasty, also known as the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams of Hyderabad]]. The Nizams ruled the [[Hyderabad state|princely state of Hyderabad]] for more than two centuries, in a [[subsidiary alliance]] with the [[British Raj]]. The city remained the princely state's capital from 1769 to 1948, when the Nizam signed an [[Instrument of Accession]] with the [[Indian Union]] at the conclusion of [[Operation Polo]]. The 1956 [[States Reorganisation Act]] created the modern state of Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Since 1969, Hyderabad has been a major center of the [[Telangana movement]], which demands that the [[Telangana region]] of Andhra Pradesh should be made a separate state.

Situated at the crossroads of [[North India|North]] and South India, Hyderabad is noted for [[Culture of Hyderabad, India|its unique culture]]. As the former capital of the largest and richest [[List of Indian princely states|princely state]], and with the patronage of the Nizams, Hyderabad established local traditions in art, literature, architecture and cuisine. The city is a tourist destination and has [[List of tourist attractions in Hyderabad|many places of interest]], including [[Chowmahalla Palace]], [[Charminar]] and [[Golkonda#The Fort|Golkonda fort]]. It has several museums, bazaars, galleries, libraries, sports venues and other cultural institutions. Hyderabad has emerged as a global hub for the information technology, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. It is home to the [[Telugu film industry]] and a major centre for higher education and research, with [[List of educational institutions in Hyderabad (India)|13 universities and business schools]].
{{TOC limit|limit=3}}

==History==
{{Main|History of Hyderabad, India}}

===Etymology===
The origin of the name ''Hyderabad'' is the subject of many myths. According to one of them, when Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah founded the city he named it ''Bhaganagar'' after [[Bhagmati|Bhagmathi]], a local ''[[nautch]]'' (dancing) girl with whom he had fallen in love. When they married, she converted to [[Islam]] and adopted the title ''Hyder Mahal'', and in her honour the city was renamed ''Hyderabad'', meaning "Hyder's abode" in [[Persian language|Persian]] and Urdu.<ref name="Hyderabad_and_Bhagmati">{{cite book|title=Rights at work: pay equity reform and the politics of legal mobilization|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|page=6|isbn=0-226-55571-2|last=McCann |first=Michael W.|year=1994}}
* {{cite book|title=With respect to sex: negotiating hijra identity in south India|publisher=University of Chicago Press| page=6|isbn=0-226-70755-5|last=Reddy|first=Gayatri|year=2005}}
* {{cite book|title=The colors of violence: cultural identities, religion, and conflict|publisher=University of Chicago Press| page=23|isbn=0-226-42284-4|last=Kakar|first=Sudhir|year=1996}}</ref> Yet another theory claims that Hyderabad was named to honour the [[Caliph]] [[Ali Ibn Abi Talib]], who was also known as Hyder.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Asif Jahs of Hyderabad: their rise and decline|last=Prasad|first=Rajendra|publisher=Vikas|year=1984|isbn=978-0-7069-1965-3|page=46}}</ref> Andrew Petersen, a scholar of Islamic architecture, states that the city was originally called ''Baghnagar'' (city of gardens).<ref name="AnPet">{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Islamic architecture|publisher=[[Routledge]]|page=112|isbn=0-415-06084-2|last=Petersen|first= Andrew|year=1996}}</ref>

===Early and medieval history===
Near the city, archaeologists have unearthed [[Iron Age]] sites that may date from 500&nbsp;[[BCE]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyderabad's history could date back to 500 BC|url=http://www.ourmch.com/hyd/hydhistory.asp|publisher=GHMC|date=10 September 2008|accessdate=10 September 2008}}</ref> The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as ''[[Golkonda]]'' (shepherd's hill).<ref name="siasat_golconda">{{cite news|title=Golconda fort: Hyderabad's time machine|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/golconda-fort-hyderabads-time-machine|last= Ramachandran|first=Priya| newspaper=[[The Siasat Daily]]|date=4 February 2012|accessdate=8 February 2012}}</ref> It was ruled by the [[Chalukya dynasty]] from 731&nbsp;[[Common Era|CE]] to 966&nbsp;CE.<ref>{{cite book|title=Economic history of Hyderabad state: Warangal suba, 1911–1950|publisher=Gian Publishing House| page=2|last=Reddy|first=V.Ramakrishna|isbn=978-81-212-0099-8|year=1987}}</ref> Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golkonda came under the control of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] (1000–1310),<ref>{{cite book|title=A history of south India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=192|isbn=0-19-560686-8|last=Sastri|first=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta|year=1976}}</ref> whose headquarters was at [[Warangal]], {{convert|148|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} northeast of modern Hyderabad.<ref name="Golctime">{{cite book|title=Golconda through time: a mirror of the evolving Deccan|pages=20–41|isbn=978-0-549-10119-2|last=Sardar|first=Marika|year=2007}}
* {{cite book|title=The nocturnal court: life of a prince of Hyderabad|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=29–30|last=Jaisi|first=Sidq|isbn=978-0-19-566605-2|year=2004}}</ref>

[[File:Golconda fort.jpg|thumb|right|The Golkonda fort, was the seat of power of several rulers of the Deccan.|alt=The ruins of a fort]]

When [[Alauddin Khilji|Sultan Alauddin Khilji]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] took over Warangal, the region came under the [[Khilji dynasty]] (1310–1321). Alauddin Khilji took the ''[[Koh-i-Noor]]'' diamond, which is said to have been mined from the [[Kollur Mine]]s in Golkonda,<ref>{{cite news|title=Heritage Golconda diamond up for auction at Sotheby's |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Heritage-Golconda-diamond-up-for-auction-at-Sothebys/articleshow/12077925.cms|last=Ghose|first=Archana Khare|newspaper=The Times of India|date=29 February 2012|accessdate=1 March 2012}}</ref> to Delhi. [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] succeeded to the Delhi sultanate in 1325, bringing Warangal under the rule of the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] until 1347. [[Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah]], a governor under Muhammad bin Tughluq, rebelled against the sultanate and established the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the Deccan, with [[Gulbarga]], {{convert|200|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of Hyderabad, as its capital. The Bahmani kings ruled the region until 1518 and were the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan.<ref name="Golctime"/>

In 1518, [[Quli Qutb Mulk|Sultan Quli]], a governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]].<ref name="Golctime"/> Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth sultan of this dynasty, established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591<ref>{{cite book|title=Historical dictionary of the British empire|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]| page=544|last1=Olson|first1=James Stuart| last2=Shadle|first2=Robert|isbn=978-0-313-27917-1|year=1996}}</ref> to avoid the water shortages experienced at Golkonda, the sultanate's capital.<ref>{{cite book|title=Developments in administration under H.E.H. the Nizam VII|publisher=Osmania University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWYeAAAAMAAJ|page=243|year=1984|editor1-first=Shamim| editor1-last=Aleem| editor2-last=Aleem|editor2-first=M. Aabdul|accessdate=15 June 2012}}</ref> He built the Charminar, the [[Purana Pul]] (old bridge) and [[Mecca Masjid]] in the city.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of India|publisher=Smriti Books|page=61|last=Bansal|first=Sunita Pant|isbn=978-81-87967-71-2|year=2005}}</ref> On 21 September 1687, the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a [[Siege of Golconda|year-long siege]] of the Golkonda fort.<ref name="Richards">{{cite journal|title=The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687–1707|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|first=J. F. |last=Richards|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=2626396|year=1975|journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]]|pages=241–260|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00004996|accessdate=20 April 2012|volume=9|issue=2|s2cid=142989123 }}</ref><ref name="Waldemar Hansen">{{cite book|title=The Peacock throne:the drama of Mogul India|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|pages=168 and 471|last=Hansen|first=Waldemar|isbn=81-208-0225-X|year=1972}}</ref> The annexed area was renamed ''Deccan Suba'' (Deccan province), and the capital was moved from Golkonda to [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], about {{convert|550|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} northwest of Hyderabad.<ref name="Richards"/><ref name="columbia&TOI">{{cite book|title=Muslim civilization in India |chapter=A century of political decline:1707–1803|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_19.html|year=1964|last=Ikram|first=S.M.|editor-last=Embree|editor-first=Ainslie T|accessdate=7 October 2011|isbn=978-0-231-02580-5}}
* {{cite news|title=Testing time again for the pearl of Deccan|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-11/india/28081795_1_golconda-fort-hyderabad-aurangzeb|last=Rao|first=Sushil|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 December 2009|accessdate=22 April 2012}}</ref>

===Nizam period===
In 1712, [[Farrukhsiyar]], the sixth of Aurangzeb's successors, appointed [[Asaf Jah I]] to be Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title ''Nizam-ul-Mulk'' (Administrator of the Realm). In 1724, Asaf Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the ''Deccan Suba'', starting what came to be known as the Asaf Jahi dynasty. He named the region ''[[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad Deccan]]''. Subsequent rulers retained the title ''Nizam ul-Mulk'' and were referred to as Asif Jahi Nizams, or [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams of Hyderabad]].<ref name="Richards"/><ref name="columbia&TOI"/> When Asaf Jah I died in 1748, there was political unrest due to contention for the throne among his sons, who were aided by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. [[Ali Khan Asaf Jah II|Asif Jah II]], who reigned from 1862 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the treaty of [[Masulipatnam]], surrendering the coastal region to the [[East India Company]] in return for a fixed annual rent.<ref name="Reg Sal Geo">{{cite book|title=Nizam-British relations, 1724–1857|publisher=Concept Publishing| pages=130–150|isbn=81-7022-195-1|last=Regani|first=Sarojini|year=1988}}
* {{cite book|title=A comprehensive history of medieval India|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]|page=346|isbn=978-81-317-3202-1|last=Farooqui|first=Salma Ahmed|year=2011}}
* {{cite book|title=An historical sketch of the native states of India in subsidiary alliance with the British government|publisher=Asian Education Services|pages=280–292|isbn=978-81-206-1971-5|last=Malleson|first= George Bruce|year=2005}}
* {{cite book|title=The annals of Indian administration, Volume 14| publisher=BiblioBazaar|page=467|isbn=978-1-145-42314-5|last=Townsend|first=Meredith|year=2010}}</ref>

In 1769, Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams.<ref name="Richards"/><ref name="columbia&TOI"/> In response to regular threats from [[Hyder Ali]], Dalwai of Mysore, [[Baji Rao I]], Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, and Basalath Jung (Asaf Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau]]), the Nizam signed a [[subsidiary alliance]] with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the [[British Indian Army]] to occupy [[Bolarum]] (modern [[Secunderabad]]) to protect the state's borders, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British.<ref name="Reg Sal Geo"/> From the late nineteenth century on, Hyderabad was transformed into a modern city by the establishment of railways, transport services, underground drainage, running water, [[Hussain Sagar Thermal Power Station|electricity]], [[Begumpet Airport]], telecommunications, universities and industries. The Nizams ruled the state from Hyderabad until 17 September 1948, a year after India's independence from Britain.<ref name="Richards"/><ref name="columbia&TOI"/>

===Post-independence===
{{main|Operation Polo|Hyderabad State (1948—1956)}}
[[File:Hyderabad State reorganization 1956.png|thumb|[[Hyderabad State]] (in yellowish green) before [[States Reorganisation Act#The States Reorganisation Act|reorganisation]] in 1956| alt= A map showing Hydearabd State before state reorganisation in 1956]]

Following the [[independence of India]] from British rule, the Nizam declared his intention not to become part of the [[Indian Union]] but to remain independent.<ref name="Reg Sal Geo"/> In 1948, the Hyderabad State Congress began agitating against Nizam VII, with the support of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Communist Party of India]]. On 17 September 1948 the [[Indian Army]] took control of Hyderabad State through [[Operation Polo]], and Nizam VII joined the Union by signing the "Instrument of Accession", which made him the ''[[Rajpramukh]]'' (Princely Governor) of the state.<ref name="columbia&TOI"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Momentous day for lovers of freedom, democracy|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/17/stories/2004091706840400.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|last=Venkateshwarlu|first=K|date=17 September 2004|accessdate=23 May 2012}}</ref> Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India led a [[peasant rebellion]] called the [[Telangana uprising]] against the [[Indian feudalism|feudal]] lords of the [[Telangana region]] and later against the [[princely state]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite book
|title=Affirming life and diversity|publisher=Pragati Offset|pages=1–10|isbn=978-1-84369-674-2|last1=Sathees|first1=P.V.|last2=Pimbert|first2=Michel|last3=The DDS Community Media Trust|year=2008}}</ref> The [[Constitution of India]], which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the [[States Reorganisation Act#Three types of states|part B states]] of India, and Hyderabad city continued to be its capital. In his 1955 report ''Thoughts on Linguistic States'', [[B. R. Ambedkar]], then chairman of the [[Constitution of India#Drafting|Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution]], proposed that the city should be designated the [[second capital]] of India because of its strategic central location and its amenities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ambedkar for Hyderabad as second capital of India| url=http://www.ambedkar.org/ambcd/05E.%20Thoughts%20on%20Linguistic%20States%20PART%20V.htm|work=Ambedkar organization|year=1955|accessdate=17 May 2010}}</ref>

Since 1956, the [[Rashtrapati Nilayam]] in Hyderabad has been the second official residence and business office of the [[President of India]].<ref name="tribuneindia">{{cite web|title=Rashtrapati bhavan:presidential retreats|url=http://presidentofindia.nic.in/presidential_retreats.html|work=presidentofindia.nic|accessdate=26 May 2012}}
*{{cite news|title=Palaces of the President|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070708/spectrum/main3.htm|newspaper=[[The Tribune]]|last=Vohra|first=J.N.|date=8 July 2007|accessdate=26 May 2012}}</ref> On 1 November 1956, the states of India [[States Reorganisation Act#The States Reorganisation Act|were reorganised]] by language group. Hyderabad State ceased to exist; it was split into three parts, which were included in the modern [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]] and Andhra Pradesh. The nine [[Telugu language|Telugu]]- and [[Urdu language|Urdu]]-speaking districts of Hyderabad State that make up the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking [[Andhra State]] to create Andhra Pradesh,<ref>{{cite book|title=Multi-sited ethnography: theory, praxis and locality in contemporary research|publisher=Ashgate Publishing |pages=165–166|isbn=978-0-7546-9144-0|last=Falzon|first=Mark-Anthony|year=2009}}</ref> with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the [[Telangana movement]], attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969, 1972 and from 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=How Telangana movement has sparked political turf war in Andhra|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/how-telangana-movement-has-sparked-political-turf-war-in-andhra/20111005.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=5 October 2011|accessdate=19 February 2012}}</ref> In 2007, terrorist groups detonated a series of bombs in the city [[Mecca Masjid bombing|in May]] and [[25 August 2007 Hyderabad bombings|in August]], leading to temporary communal tension and riots.<ref>{{cite news|title=At least 13 killed in bombing, riots at mosque in India|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2007/05/18/india-bombing.html|newspaper=[[CBC News]]|date=18 May 2007|accessdate=21 September 2012}}</ref> Telangana people went on strike for more than 40 days in 2011, and in 2012 there were threats of further protests against discrimination in employment.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pro-Telangana AP govt employees threaten agitation|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news/31046433_1_pro-telangana-telangana-employees-separate-statehood-demand|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=10 February 2012|accessdate=18 February 2012}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Hyderabad, India}}
[[File:Hussainsagar hyd.jpg|thumb|left|Hussain Sagar lake, built during the reign of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, was once the source of drinking water for Hyderabad.|alt=A large manmade lake, formerly used as a source of drinking water.]]

===Topography===
Hyderabad is located in the north-western part of Andhra Pradesh and lies on the banks of the [[Musi River (India)|Musi River]] in the northern part of the [[Deccan plateau]] in South India.<ref name="GHMC_city area">{{cite web|title=Greater Hyderabad municipal corporation|url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp|publisher=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC)|accessdate=17 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="Hyderabad_Geo">{{cite web|title=Physical Feature|url=http://www.apind.gov.in/Library/District/hyderabad.pdf|work=AP Government|year=2002|accessdate=4 April 2012}}</ref> The city is spread over {{Convert|650|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in India.<ref name="GHMC_city area"/> Its predominant topography is sloping rocky terrain of grey and pink [[granite]]s. Several small hillocks are scattered throughout the area. Hyderabad has an average altitude of {{convert|1778|ft|m|0}} above [[Sea level|mean sea level]]. Its highest point is [[Banjara Hills]] at {{convert|2206|ft|m|0}}.<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo"/><ref name="JNTU_Geo">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad geography|url=http://jntuhdufr.com/geography|work=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad|JNTU]]|accessdate=4 May 2012}}</ref> In 1996 the city had 140 lakes and counted 834 water tanks smaller than {{convert|10|ha}}.<ref name="Sreoshi Singh">{{cite web|title=Water security in peri-urban south Asia|url=http://saciwaters.org/periurban/Scoping_Study_Report_Hyderabad.pdf|first=Sreoshi|last=Singh|publisher=South Asia Consortium for Interdisciplinary Water Resources Studies|year=2010|accessdate=18 May 2012}}</ref> The city's lakes are often called ''sagar'' (sea). [[Hussain Sagar]], built in 1562, is near the city center. [[Osman Sagar]] and [[Himayat Sagar]] are artificial lakes created by dams on the Musi.<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo"/><ref name="rainwaterharvesting">{{cite web|title=Water sources and water supply|url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/hussain_sagar/hussainsagar%202.pdf|work=rainwaterharvesting.org|page=2|year=2005|accessdate=20 January 2012}}</ref>

===Neighbourhood and landmarks===
[[File:Hyderabad India map attempt 1.svg|thumb|Street map of the central area of the city |alt=A street map of the central area of the city]]
The historic city established by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah on the southern side of the Musi River forms the "[[Old City, Hyderabad|Old City]]", while the "New City" encompasses the urbanised area on the northern banks. The two are connected by many bridges across the river, of which Purana Pul is the oldest.<ref name="pulol">{{cite news|title=Puranapul 'rented' out to vendors by extortionist|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/puranapul-%E2%80%98rented%E2%80%99-out-vendors-extortionist-291|newspaper=[[The Deccan Chronicle]]|date=24 June 2011|accessdate=11 June 2012}}</ref> Hyderabad is [[Twin cities (geographical proximity)|twinned]] with neighbouring Secunderabad, from which it is separated by Hussain Sagar.

In the southern part of central Hyderabad are many historical and touristic sites, such as the Charminar, the Mecca Masjid, the [[Salar Jung Museum]], the [[Nizam's museum]], the [[Falaknuma Palace]] and the traditional retail corridor comprising [[Laad Bazaar]], [[Pathargatti|Pearls Market]] and [[Madina, Hyderabad|Madina circle]]. North of the river are hospitals, colleges, major railway stations and business areas such as [[Begum Bazaar]], [[Koti, Hyderabad|Koti]], [[Abids]], [[Sultan Bazaar]] and [[Moazzam Jahi Market]], along with administrative and recreational establishments such as the [[Reserve Bank of India#Offices and branches|Reserve Bank of India]], the [[Andhra Pradesh Secretariat]], the [[India Government Mint#The Hyderabad Mint|Hyderabad Mint]], the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature]], the [[Public Gardens, Hyderabad|Public Garden]], the Nizam Club, the [[Ravindra Bharathi]], the [[AP state museum|state museum]], the Birla Temple and the Birla Planetarium.<ref name="Alam&Reddy">{{cite book|title=Urban growth theories and settlement systems of India|publisher=Concept Publishing|pages=79–99|isbn=978-81-8069-739-5|last1=Alam|first1=Shah Manzoor|last2=Reddy|first2=A. Geeta|last3=Markandey|first3=Kalpana|year=2011}}</ref><ref name="Rao">{{cite book|title=Cities in transition|publisher=Routledge|pages=117–140|isbn=978-0-203-39115-0|first=Nirmala|last=Rao|year=2007}}</ref><ref name="Gop to fati">{{cite book|title=Process of urban fringe development:a model|publisher=Concept Publishing|pages=13–17|isbn=978-81-7022-017-6|last=Gopi|first=K.N|year=1978}}
* {{cite book|title=Urbanization, urban development, and metropolitan cities in India|publisher=Concept Publishing |pages=375–380|isbn=978-81-8069-412-7|last1=Nath|first1=Viswambhar|last2=Aggarwal|first2=Surinder K|year=2007}}
* {{cite book|title=Poverty in metropolitan cities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sO1yDYWxsGgC|publisher=Concept Publishing |pages=139–157|last1=Alam|first1=Shah Manzoor|last2=Khan|first2= Fatima Ali|year=1987}}</ref>

Towards the north of central Hyderabad lie Hussain Sagar, [[Tank Bund Road, Hyderabad|Tank Bund Road]], [[Rani Gunj]] and the [[Secunderabad Railway Station]].<ref name="Alam&Reddy"/> The majority of the city's parks and recreation centres are here: [[Sanjeevaiah Park]], [[Indira Park]], [[Lumbini Park]], [[NTR Gardens]], the [[Hussain Sagar#Buddha statue|Buddha statue]] and [[Hussain Sagar#Patton Tank|Tankbund Park]].<ref name="Hussain Sagar">{{cite web|title=Implementing the ecosystem approach to preserve the ecological integrity of urban lakes: the case of lake Hussain sagar, Hyderabad, India|url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ILBMTrainingMaterials/resources/Hussainsagar.pdf|work=Ecosystem approach for conservation of lake Hussainsagar|page=3|last=Kodarkar|first=Mohan|publisher=International Lake Environment Committee Foundation|accessdate=11 June 2012}}
* {{cite news|title=Hussain sagar stink is not a bother| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-02-02/hyderabad/28340004_1_hussain-sagar-buddha-statue-stink|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2 February 2004|accessdate=11 June 2012}}</ref> In the northwest part of the city there are upscale residential areas such as Banjara Hills, [[Jubilee Hills]], [[Begumpet]] and [[Khairatabad]]. The northern end contains industrial areas such as [[Sanathnagar]], [[Moosapet]], [[Balanagar, Ranga Reddy|Balanagar]], [[Patancheru|Pathan Cheru]] and [[Chanda Nagar]]. The northeast end is dotted with residential colonies.<ref name="Alam&Reddy"/><ref name="Rao"/><ref name="Gop to fati"/> The "Cyberabad" area in the southwest and west parts of the city has grown rapidly since the 1990s. It is home to information technology and bio-pharmaceutical companies and to landmarks such as Hyderabad Airport, Osman Sagar, Himayath Sagar and [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park|KBR National Park]]. In the eastern part of the city lie [[List of defence research centers in Hyderabad, India|many defence research centres]] and [[Ramoji Film City]].

===Climate===
Hyderabad has a [[tropical savanna climate|tropical wet and dry climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Aw'') bordering on a hot [[semi-arid climate]] (Köppen ''BSh'').<ref>{{cite book|title=Climate and food security|publisher=International Rice Research Institute|page=348|year=1987|isbn=978-971-10-4210-3}}
* {{cite book|title=The ecology of tropical food crops|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=249–251|isbn=978-0-521-41062-5|last1= Norman|first1=Michael John Thornley|first2=C.J|last2=Pearson|first3=P.G.E|last3=Searle|year=1995}}</ref> The annual mean temperature is {{Convert|26|C|F|abbr=on|1}}; monthly mean temperatures are {{Convert|21|-|32|C|F|abbr=on|0}}.<ref name="weatherbase hyd">{{cite web|title=Weatherbase entry for Hyderabad|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=82134&refer=&cityname=Hyderabad-Andhra-Pradesh-India&units=metric|publisher=Canty and Associates LLC|accessdate=13 June 2012}}</ref> Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with average highs in the mid 30s Celsius;<ref name="imd hyd">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/hyderabad2.htm|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|accessdate=13 June 2012}}</ref> maximum temperatures often exceed {{convert|40|C|F}} between April and June.<ref name="weatherbase hyd"/> Winter lasts for only about {{frac|2|1|2}} months, during which the lowest temperature occasionally dips to {{Convert|10|C|F|abbr=on|0}} in December and January.<ref name="weatherbase hyd"/> May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from {{Convert|26|to|38.8|C|F|abbr=on|0}}; January, the coldest, has temperatures varying from {{convert|14.7|to|28.6|C|F|abbr=on|0}}.<ref name="imd hyd"/> Temperatures in the evenings and mornings are generally cooler because of the city's moderate elevation.

Rains brought by the [[Southwest monsoon|south-west summer monsoon]] lash Hyderabad between June and September,<ref name="Siddi_Hyderabad">{{cite book|title=An African Indian community in Hyderabad|publisher=Cuvillier Verlag|pages=5–6|isbn=978-3-86537-206-2|last=Yimene|first=Ababu Minda|year=2004}}</ref> supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of {{Convert|812.5|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}.<ref name="imd hyd"/> The highest total monthly rainfall, {{convert|181.5|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}, occurs in September.<ref name="imd hyd"/> The heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period was {{convert|241|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} on 24 August 2000. The highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|45.5|C|0}} on 2 June 1966, and the lowest was {{convert|8|C|0}} on 8 January 1946. The city receives 2,731&nbsp;hours of sunshine per year; maximum daily [[Insolation|sunlight exposure]] occurs in February.<ref name="Siddi_Hyderabad"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Historical weather for Hyderabad, India|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=82134&refer=&units=metric|publisher=Weatherbase|accessdate=3 October 2008}}</ref>
{{Hyderabad weatherbox}}

==Administration==
{{main|Administration of Hyderabad, India}}
[[File:Hyderabad Town Hall.jpg|thumb|The Andhra Pradesh State Assembly building houses the [[bicameral]] [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature]]. |alt=A white building with multiple domes]]

===Local government===
Hyderabad is administered by several government agencies. The [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]] (GHMC) oversees and manages the civic infrastructure of the city's 18&nbsp;"circles", which together encompass [[List of Hyderabad Corporation wards|150&nbsp;municipal wards]]. Each ward is represented by a [[corporator]], elected by popular vote. The corporators elect the Mayor, who is the [[Titular ruler|titular head]] of GHMC; executive powers rest with the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].  The GHMC undertakes the city's infrastructure work, building regulation, government-aided schools, hospitals, municipal markets, parks, solid waste management and demographic records. It was formed in April 2007 by merging the [[Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad]] (MCH) with 12 municipalities of the [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]], [[Ranga Reddy District|Ranga Reddy]] and [[Medak]] districts covering a total area of {{Convert|650|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. In the 2009 municipal election, an alliance  of the Indian National Congress and [[Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|Majlis Ittehadul Muslimeen]] formed the majority.<ref name="TOI 2 IBN">{{cite news|title=Karthika not in a hurry to hand over mayor baton to MIM|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Karthika-not-in-a-hurry-to-hand-over-mayor-baton-to-MIM/articleshow/10458184.cms|newspaper=The Times of India |date=23 October 2011|accessdate=25 October 2011}}
* {{cite web|title=Our services|url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/index.asp|work=GHMC|accessdate=25 September 2012}}
* {{cite web|title=Greater Hyderabad municipal corporation|url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/tender%20pdfs/election_wards.pdf|work=GHMC|accessdate=25 October 2011}}</ref> The [[Secunderabad Cantonment Board]] is a civic administration agency overseeing an area of {{Convert|40.1|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Wba ci rep">{{cite web|title=Exploring urban growth management in three developing country cities|url=ftp://amusing.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/a/n/andrewgu/www/hyderabad/Hyderabad%20City%20Report%20DFR.pdf|publisher= [[World Bank]]|year=2007|accessdate=20 May 2012}}{{Dead link|date=November 2012}}</ref>{{rp|5}} where there are several military camps.<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1">{{cite web|title=Survey of child labour in slums of Hyderabad: final report|url=http://www.cgg.gov.in/publicationdownloads/Survey%20of%20Child%20Labour%20in%20slums%20of%20Hyderabad.pdf|publisher=Center for Good Governance, Hyderabad|date=17 December 2008|accessdate=16 May 2012}}</ref>{{rp|2}} The [[Osmania University]] campus is administered independently by the university authority.<ref name="Wba ci rep"/>{{rp|6}}

Hyderabad's administrative agencies have jurisdiction over areas of different sizes. The Hyderabad Police area is the smallest, followed in ascending order by Hyderabad district, the GHMC area ("Hyderabad city") and the area under the [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]] (HMDA). The HMDA is the apolitical urban planning agency that encompasses the GHMC area and the suburbs, extending to 54 ''[[Tehsil|mandals]]'' in five districts occupying an area of {{Convert|7100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="HMDA1">{{cite web|title=Welcome to HMDA|url=http://www.hmda.gov.in/|work=[[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]]|accessdate=7 October 2011}}</ref> It coordinates the development activities of GHMC and suburban municipalities and manages the administration of the [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board]] (HMWSSB), the [[Transmission Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited|Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation]], the [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] (APSRTC) and other bodies.<ref name="Wba ci rep"/>{{rp|13}}

The jurisdiction of the [[Hyderabad City Police|Hyderabad Police Commissionerate]] is divided into five police zones, each headed by a [[Deputy Commissioner of Police (India)|deputy commissioner]].<ref name="hp">{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://www.hyderabadpolice.gov.in/Main/AboutUs.htm|publisher=Hyderabad City Police|accessdate=24 January 2009}}</ref> The Hyderabad Traffic Police is headed by a deputy commissioner who reports to the commissioner.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why compulsory helmet rule not being implemented in city|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Why-compulsory-helmet-rule-not-being-implemented-in-city/articleshow/11643768.cms|last=Buddi|first=Mahesh|newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 January 2012|accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> The area under the jurisdiction of the Hyderabad City Police is only part of the GHMC area; other parts fall under the jurisdiction of the Cyberabad Police Commissionerate. In 2012 the Andhra Pradesh Government announced its intention to merge the Hyderabad and Cyberabad Police Commissionerates into a single Greater Hyderabad Police Commissionerate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyderabad & Cyberabad police commissionerates to be merged|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/andhra-pradesh/hyderabad-cyberabad-police-commissionerates-to-be-merged-185831|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=14 March 2012|accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref>

As the seat of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad is home to the Andhra Pradesh Legislature, the state secretariat and the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]], as well as to various local government agencies. The Lower City Civil Court and the Metropolitan Criminal Court are under the jurisdiction of the High Court.<ref name="int her">{{cite web|title=Heritage buildings|url=http://intach.ap.nic.in/heritagesites.htm|publisher=[[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]]|year=2005|accessdate=9 October 2011}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2012}} The GHMC area contains 24 State Legislative Assembly constituencies, which come under five constituencies of the [[Lok Sabha]] (the [[lower house]] of the [[Parliament of India]]).<ref name="GHMC and TOI">{{cite web|title=24 assembly constituencies under GHMC|url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/election1/indexnew.asp|year=2011|work=GHMC|accessdate=9 October 2011}}
* {{cite news|title=6 city, 2 RR dist MLAs may hitch on to Jagan|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-14/hyderabad/28376260_1_jagan-camp-jagan-party-ysr-loyalists|newspaper=The Times of India|date=14 January 2011|accessdate=9 October 2011}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2012}}

===Utility services===
The HMWSSB regulates rainwater harvesting, water supply and sewerage services.<ref name="HMDA1"/> It sources water from several dams located in the suburbs,<ref name="TOI wa sup">{{cite news|title=If Singur, Manjira dry up, there's Krishna|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-02-11/hyderabad/27858391_1_krishna-water-manjira-water-board|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 February 2005|accessdate=21 April 2012}}</ref> and in 2005 it started operating a {{convert|150|km|mi|adj=mid|-long|0}} water supply pipeline from [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam]] to meet increasing demands.<ref name="TOI wa sup"/> The [[Andhra Pradesh Central Power Distribution Company]] manages electricity supply.<ref name="HMDA1"/> Firefighting services are provided by the Andhra Pradesh Fire Services department. As of March 2012, the city has 13 fire stations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fire stations inadequate|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/fire-stations-inadequate/241927-60-114.html|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=26 March 2012|accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> The state-owned [[Indian Postal Service]] has five head post offices and many sub-post offices in Hyderabad, and privately run courier services are also available.<ref name="Hyderabad_Geo"/> In 1999, the  state government launched ''eSeva'', an electronic facility that supports several citizen services, including utility bill payment.<ref>{{cite web|title=About eSeva|url=http://www.esevaonline.com/|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|year=2011|accessdate=4 May 2012}}</ref>

===Pollution control===
Editing in IE8
Editing in FF

Every day Hyderabad produces around 4,500&nbsp;[[metric tonnes]] of solid waste, which is transported from collection units in [[Imlibun]], [[Yousufguda]] and Lower Tank Bund to the dumpsite in [[Jawaharnagar, Ranga Reddy|Jawaharnagar]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Twin festivals pile more garbage load on GHMC|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2420707.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 September 2011|accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> The GHMC started the Integrated Solid Waste Management project in 2010 to manage waste disposal.<ref>{{cite news|title=Waste management project gets nod|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-18/hyderabad/28121408_1_treatment-and-disposal-collection-and-transportation-waste-management|newspaper=The Times of India|date=18 January 2010|accessdate=17 April 2012}}</ref> The [[Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board]] (APPCB) is the regulatory and screening authority for pollution. Rapid urbanisation and increased economic activity encouraged population migration to Hyderabad, which led to increased [[air pollution]], [[industrial waste]], [[noise pollution]] and [[water pollution]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Co-benefits analysis of air pollution and GHG emissions for Hyderabad,India|url=http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/people/sguttiku/ue/reports/2008-03-IES-Co-Benefits-Hyderabad.pdf|last=Guttikunda|first=Sarath|publisher=Integrated Environmental Strategies Program|date=March 2008|accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> The contribution of different sources to air pollution in 2006 was: 20–50% from vehicles, 40–70% from a combination of vehicle discharge and road dust, 10–30% from industrial discharges and 3–10% from the burning of household rubbish.<ref name="Bh Gur">{{cite book|title=Air pollution:health and environmental impacts|publisher=Taylor and Francis |page=90|editor1-first=Bhola R.|editor1-last=Gurjar|editor2-first=Luisa T.|editor2-last=Molina|editor3-first=Chandra S.P.|editor3-last=Ojha| isbn=978-1-4398-0963-1|year=2010}}</ref> Deaths from [[atmospheric particulate matter]] are estimated at 1,700–3,000 each year.<ref name="pollu multi">{{cite news|title=50 research scholars to study pollution|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/50-research-scholars-to-study-pollution/217031-60-121.html|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=3 January 2012|accessdate=18 April 2012}}
* {{cite web|title=Be a pal and stop polluting|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/lifestyle/go-earthy/be-pal-and-stop-polluting-085|work=The Deccan Chronicle|date=26 October 2011|accessdate=18 April 2012}}
* {{cite journal|title=Use of multi-objective air pollution monitoring sites and online air pollution monitoring system for total health risk assessment in Hyderabad, India|last1=Anjaneyulu |first1=Y.|last2=Jayakumar|first2= I.|last3=Hima Bindu|first3=V.|last4=Sagareswar|first4= G.|last5= Mukunda Rao|first5=P.V.|last6=Rambabu|first6= N.|last7= Ramani|first7= K.V.|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|year=2005|date=August 2005|volume=2|issue=2|pages=343–354|doi=10.3390/ijerph2005020021|pmid=16705838|pmc=3810641 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The [[ground water]] in Hyderabad has a [[Hard water|hardness]] of up to 1000 ppm, around three times higher than is desirable.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ground water in city unfit for use|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/ground-water-city-unfit-use-198|newspaper=The Deccan Chronicle|date=30 August 2011|accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> The region's ground water levels are shrinking, and dams are facing water shortage due to burgeoning population and the consequent increase in demand.<ref name="TOI wa sup"/><ref name="TOI wa sca">{{cite news|title=City stares at water scarcity|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-13/hyderabad/30623629_1_dial-a-tanker-tankers-water-board|newspaper=The Times of India|date=13 January 2012|accessdate=21 April 2012}}</ref> Inadequately treated effluents from industrial treatment plants are polluting the drinking water sources of the city.<ref name="TOI wa pol">{{cite news|title=Manjira faces pollution threat|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-11-29/hyderabad/27179075_1_industrial-area-effluents-ground-water|last=Chunduri|first=Mridula|newspaper=The Times of India|date=29 November 2003|accessdate=21 April 2012}}</ref> APPCB and local authorities have designed and implemented multiple actions to control pollution.{{Explain|date=November 2012|reason=This is just managementspeak; details please!}}<ref name="pollu multi"/>

===Healthcare===
{{see also|Healthcare in Hyderabad, India}}
[[File:Unani HospitalBuilding.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Government Nizamia General Hospital|Nizamia Unani Hospital]] provides medical care in both Unani and Allopathic medicine systems. |alt=A building with Islamic architecture]]
The [[Andhra Pradesh Vaidya Vidhana Parishad]], a department of the state government, administers healthcare in Hyderabad.<ref name="Ruet and Tawa">{{cite book|title=Governing India's metropolises: case studies of four cities| publisher=Routledge|chapter=7: Assessing urban governance through the prism of healthcare services in Delhi, Hyderabad and Mumbai|last1=Kennedy|first1=Loraine|last2=Duggal|first2=Ravi|last3=Lama-Rewal|first3=Stephanie Tawa|isbn=978-0-415-55148-9|editor1-last=Ruet|editor1-first= Joel|editor2-last=Lama-Rewal|editor2-first=Stephanie Tawa|year=2009}}</ref> Medical services are provided by government-run hospitals and clinics, private hospitals and charities.<ref name="Bhargava-Bhatt">{{cite book|title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories.(2 Andhra Pradesh)|publisher=Kalpaz Publication|page=312|isbn=81-7835-358-X|last1=Bhargava|first1=Gopal K.|last2=Bhatt|first2= S.C.|year=2006}}</ref> In 2010–11 the city had 50 government hospitals,<ref>{{cite web|title=Government hospitals|url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/ghmcservices/hosnur.asp|publisher=GHMC|year=2011|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> 300 private and charity hospitals and 194 nursing homes; together these facilities provide approximately 12,000 hospital beds, less than half of the required 25,000.<ref name="Bhargava-Bhatt"/><ref name="NorthBridge Capital">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad hospital report|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:l0Zm7c1clWQJ:northbridgeasia.com/ResearchReports/HYDERABAD%2520HOSPITAL%2520REPORT.pdf+total+hospital+bed+strength+in+hyderabad+india,&hl=en&gl=ae&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShSSm4VJeHYsRHXoyVjOlVW_BYAmcfj19Cr9juQMBFDOs5rKnmOFXkobqEpfsSraTZnyCCRjzL0uI5ukQNd7pJ9B8OserEBy9PfXGJgorKuZRSGrWknNdwEQrVQlD2xFeBfaR1N&sig=AHIEtbRk3RwLZL1IQT9Aap_uabqA4-ru3g|publisher=Northbridge Capital|page=8|year=2010|accessdate=10 May 2012}}</ref> For every 10,000 people in the city, there are 17.6 hospital beds,<ref name=hospital_beds_ratio>As of 2011 census city population is (6809970) and available hospital beds are (12000) which gives the derived rate</ref> 9 specialist doctors, 14 nurses and 6 physicians.<ref name="NorthBridge Capital"/> The city also has about 4,000 individual clinics<ref name="TheHindu_Health">{{cite news|title=Healthcare sector takes a leap in city|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2809193.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|last=Gopal|first=M.Sai|date=18 January 2012|accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref> and 500 medical diagnostic centres.<ref name="Bhargava-Bhatt"/> Most residents prefer treatment at private facilities, and only 28% use government facilities, because of their distance, poor quality of care and long waiting times.<ref name="NFHS-3">{{cite web|title=Health and living conditions in eight Indian cities|url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ634.pdf|work=National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005–06|publisher=International Institute for Population Sciences|last1=Gupta|first1=Kamla|last2=Arnold |first2= Fred |last3=Lhungdim |first3= H.|year=2009|accessdate=13 June 2012}} The cities surveyed were [[Delhi]], [[Meerut]], [[Kolkata]], [[Indore]], [[Mumbai]], [[Nagpur]], [[Chennai]] and Hyderabad.</ref>{{rp|60–61}} As of 2012, many new hospitals of all sizes have opened or are being built.<ref name="TheHindu_Health"/> Overall, healthcare services in Hyderabad are standardised and affordable in comparison with those of many other cities in India.<ref name="APG">{{cite web|title=Bed strength of hospitals under DME| url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/departments/departments.asp?dep=16&org=90&category=about|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|year=2002|accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2012}} Hyderabad also has outpatient and inpatient facilities that use [[Unani]], [[homeopathic]] and [[Ayurvedic]] treatments.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ayush department| url=http://ayushdepthyd.nic.in/|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref>

According to the 2005 National Family Health Survey, 24% of Hyderabad's households were covered by government health schemes or health insurance—the highest proportion among the cities surveyed.<ref name="NFHS-3"/>{{rp|4}} The city's [[total fertility rate]] is 1.8,<ref name="NFHS-3"/>{{rp|47}} Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic [[vaccine]]s (BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except [[Meerut]].<ref name="NFHS-3"/>{{rp|98}} The infant mortality rate was 35 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 41 per 1,000 live births.<ref name="NFHS-3"/>{{rp|97}} According to the survey, about a third of women and a quarter of men were overweight or obese, about 49% of children below 5 years are [[anaemic]], and up to 20% of children are underweight.<ref name="NFHS-3"/>{{rp|44, 55–56}} More than 2% of women and 3% of men suffer from diabetes in Hyderabad.<ref name="NFHS-3"/>{{rp|57}}

==Demographics==
{{main|Demographics of Hyderabad, India}}
{{Historical populations|state=
|title=Hyderabad Population
|1971|1796000
|1981|2546000
|1991|3059262
|2001|3637483
|2011|6809970
|footnote=World Gazetteer<ref>[http://censusindia.gov.in/ Census of India] Census of India does not have information from previous censuses on their site. Data from past censuses was obtained from World Gazetteer{{Full citation needed|date=November 2012}}</ref>
}}

Hyderabad underwent very sudden growth in the first decade of the 21st century. When the GHMC was created in 2007, the area occupied by the municipality increased from {{convert|170|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} to {{convert|650|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="hindu-ghmc">{{cite news|title=GHMC allowed to have development control|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/26/stories/2007062660600300.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 June 2007|accessdate=25 April 2012}}</ref> As a consequence, the population increased by over 87%, from 3,637,483 in the 2001 census to 6,809,970 in the 2011 census, making Hyderabad the [[List of most populous cities in India|fourth most populous city]] in India.<ref name="2011UA">{{cite web|title=Urban agglomerations/cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Government of India|accessdate=17 October 2011}}
* {{cite news|title=Hyderabad district records highest literacy rate|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/hyderabad-district-records-highest-literacy-rate|newspaper=The Siasat Daily|accessdate=6 April 2011|date=1 April 2011}}</ref> Migrants from elsewhere in India constitute 24% of the city population.<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1"/>{{RP|2}} The population density is {{convert|18480|/sqkm|/sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="TOI_City Density">{{cite news|title=Sex ratio goes up in state|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-01/hyderabad/29370284_1_sq-km-population-density-census-operations|newspaper=The Times of India|date=1 April 2011|accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref>  The Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration has a population of 7,749,334, making it the [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|sixth most populous urban agglomeration]] in the country.<ref name="2011UA"/>

There are 3,500,802 male and 3,309,168 female citizens—a [[sex ratio]] of 945 females per 1000 males,<ref name="2011city">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad (greater Hyderabad) city|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/392-hyderabad.html|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]|year=2012|accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref> higher than the national average of 926 per 1000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Urban sex ratio below national mark| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-21/ranchi/30184422_1_rural-areas-urban-areas-ratio|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 September 2011|accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref> Among children aged {{nowrap|0–6}} years, 373,794 are boys and 352,022 are girls—a ratio of 942 per 1000.<ref name="2011city"/> Literacy stands at 82.96% (male 85.96%; female 79.79%), higher than the national average of 74.04%.<ref>{{cite news|title=AP slips further in national literacy ratings|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-23/hyderabad/29573936_1_literacy-rate-dropout-rate-remedial-classes|newspaper=The Times of India|last=Henry|first=Nikhila|date=23 May 2011|accessdate=18 February 2012}}</ref>

===Ethnic groups, language and religion===
Residents of Hyderabad are called Hyderabadi. The majority of them are [[Telugu people]], followed by [[Hyderabadi Muslims|Urdu-speaking]] and [[Marathi people]], and there are minority [[Kannada people|Kannada]] (including [[Nawayath]]i), [[Marwari]], [[Bengali people|Bengali]], [[Tamil People|Tamil]], [[Malayali]], [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]], [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]i communities. Among the communities of foreign origin, [[Hadhrami people|Yemeni Arabs]] form the majority, and [[Afro-Arab|African Arabs]], [[Armenians]], [[Habesha people|Abyssinians]], [[Iranian peoples|Iranians]], [[Pashtun diaspora|Pathans]] and [[Turkish people]] are also present. The foreign population declined after Hyderabad State became part of the Indian Union.<ref name="krank freitag">{{cite web|title=Cultural, spatial and socio-economic fragmentation in the Indian megacity Hyderabad|url=http://www.irmgard-coninx-stiftung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/urbanplanet/identities/ws2/050%20Krank.pdf|publisher=Irmgard Coninx Foundation|last=Krank|first=Sabrina|year=2007|accessdate=17 April 2012}}
* {{cite book|title=Hadhrami traders, scholars, and statesmen in the Indian ocean, 1750s–1960s|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]| pages=77–81|isbn=90-04-10771-1|last1=Freitag|first1=Ulrike|last2=Clarence-Smith|first2=W.G.|year=1997}}
* {{cite news|title=Hyderabad appeal endures|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3509617.ece|last=Ifthekhar|first=J.S.|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 June 2012|accessdate=10 June 2012}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Hyderabad district—2001<ref name="census2001">{{cite web
| title = Census of India&nbsp;– socio-cultural aspects
| publisher = Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs
| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Social_and_cultural/Religion.aspx
| accessdate =23 September 2012}}
</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|55}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|42}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|#FFFF00|2}}
{{bar percent|Others|#808080|1}}
}}

Telugu is the official language of Hyderabad and Urdu is its second language;<ref name="INBLive">{{cite news|title=Name doesnt sound as well in other languages!|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/name-doesnt-sound-as-well-in-other-languages/202773-60-121.html|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=17 November 2011|accessdate=6 June 2012}}</ref> English is also used, particularly among [[white-collar worker]]s.<ref name="TOI_Language">{{cite news|title=MCH plans citizens' charter in Telugu, Urdu|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-05-01/hyderabad/27128811_1_telugu-mch-plans-urdu|newspaper=The Times of India|date=1 May 2002|accessdate=25 October 2011}}</ref> The Telugu spoken in Hyderabad is a dialect called Telangana,<ref>{{cite news|title=Espousing Telangana's cause|url=http://www.hindu.com/br/2003/09/23/stories/2003092300030201.htm|last=Rao|first=P.V.L.N.|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 September 2003|accessdate=9 October 2011}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2012}} and the [[Hyderabadi Urdu|Urdu]] spoken there is called [[Deccani Urdu]].<ref name="urdumeet">{{cite news|title=National level Urdu meet to celebrate I-day|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-15/hyderabad/27256080_1_urdu-academy-urdu-channel-urdu-poets|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 August 2001|accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2012}} A significant minority speaks other languages, including [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Kannada]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref name="krank freitag"/>

Hindus form the majority of Hyderabad's population. Muslims are present throughout the city and predominate in and around the Old City. There are also Christian, [[Sikh]], [[Jain]], [[Buddhist]] and [[Parsi]] communities, and iconic temples, mosques and churches can be seen.<ref>{{cite news|title=Muslim population in AP|url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-31Aug04-Print-Edition/163108200423.htm|last=Khan|first=Masood Ali|newspaper=[[The Milli Gazette]]|date=16-31 August 2004|accessdate=23 May 2012}}
* {{cite book|title=Hyderabad: an expat survival guide|publisher=Chillibreeze|page=21|isbn=978-81-904055-5-3|year=2007}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1080/19472498.2011.577568|title=Hindu temples in Hyderabad: State patronage and politics in South Asia |year=2011 |last1=Leonard |first1=Karen |journal=South Asian History and Culture |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=352–373 |s2cid=132551060 }}</ref> According to the 2001 census, Hyderabad district's religious make-up was: Hindus (55%), Muslims (42%), Christians (2.4%), Jains (0.4%), Sikhs (0.28%) and Buddhists (0.02%); 0.22% did not state any religion.<ref name="census2001"/><ref name="India_census">{{cite web|title=Census GIS household|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/maps/censusgis/Census_GIS/page/Religion_WhizMap/housemap.htm|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|accessdate=17 April 2012}}</ref>

===Slums===
According to a 2012 report submitted by GHMC to the [[World Bank]], Hyderabad has 1,476 slums with a total population of 1.7 million, of whom 66% live in 985 slums in the "core" of the city (the part that formed Hyderabad before the April 2007 expansion) and the remaining 34% live in 491 in suburban tenements.<ref>{{cite news|title=World bank team visits Hyderabad slums|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/World-bank-team-visits-Hyderabad-slums/articleshow/14036371.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=12 June 2012|accessdate=12 June 2012}}</ref> About 22% of the slum-dwelling households had migrated from different parts of India in the last decade of the 20th century, and 63% claimed to have lived in the slums for over 10 years.<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1"/>{{rp|55}} Overall literacy in the slums is {{nowrap|60–80%}} and female literacy is {{nowrap|52–73%}}. A third of the slums have basic service connections and 90% have water supply lines. There are 405 government schools, 267 government aided schools, 175 private schools and 528 community halls in the slum areas.<ref name="GHMC_Slums">{{cite web|title=Basic services to the urban poor|url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/cdp/chapter%205.pdf|work=City development plan|publisher=GHMC|accessdate=17 April 2012}}</ref>{{rp|70}}

According to a 2008 survey by the Centre for Good Governance, 87.6% of the slum-dwelling households are [[nuclear family|nuclear families]], 18% are very poor, with an income of {{INR convert|20000}} per annum, 73% live [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below the poverty line]] (a standard poverty line recognised by the Andhra Pradesh Government is {{INR convert|24000}} per annum), 27% of the [[SEC Classification (India)|chief wage earner]]s (CWE) are [[casual labour]] and 38% of the CWE are illiterate. About 3.72% of the slum children aged 5–14 do not go to school and 3.17% work as [[child labour]], of whom 64% are boys and 36% are girls. The largest employers of child labour are street shops and construction sites. Among the working children, 35% are engaged in hazardous jobs.<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1"/>{{rp|59}}

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Hyderabad, India}}
{{See also|:Category:Industries in Hyderabad, India|l1=Industries in Hyderabad, India|Biopharmaceutical industry of Hyderabad, India|List of companies based in Hyderabad, India|List of tourist attractions in Hyderabad|Software industry in Andhra Pradesh}}
[[File:Laadbazar.jpg|thumb|A jewellery and pearl shop in [[Laad Bazaar]], near the [[Charminar]]|alt=Several men inside a traditional bangle shop in the market.]]
Of all the cities of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad is the largest contributor to the state's GDP, tax and other revenues.<ref>{{cite web|title=India's 25 most competitive cities|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-25-most-competitive-cities/20101209.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=10 December 2010|accessdate=10 December 2010}}
* {{cite news|title=Civic infra bodies get a raw deal in budget|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-20/hyderabad/31079437_1_ghmc-allocation-hyderabad-metro-rail-project|last=Jafri|first=Syed Amin|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 February 2012|accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> Its per capita annual income in 2011 was {{INR convert|44300}}.<ref name="TOI_Hyd_Economy"/> As of 2006, the largest employers in the city are the governments of Andhra Pradesh (113,098 employees) and of India (85,155).<ref>{{cite web|title=Employee census 2006|url=http://www.apdes.ap.gov.in/Census%20&%20Surveys%202006/emp-2006/sec_wise.htm|publisher=Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh Government|year=2006|accessdate=17 May 2010}}
* {{cite web|title=Census of central government employees|url=http://www.dget.nic.in/publications/ccge/census2001.pdf|year=2003|publisher=Ministry of Labour, Government of India|accessdate=17 May 2010}}</ref> In 2009 the [[World Bank Group]] ranked the city as the [[Doing Business Report|second best Indian city for doing business]].<ref name="Doing Business">{{cite web|url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/india/sub/hyderabad|title=Ease of doing business in Hyderabad&nbsp;– India (2009)|publisher=[[World Bank Group]]|accessdate=8 February 2011}}</ref> In 2010, the economic analysis group [[GaWC]] ranked Hyderabad in its third tier (Gamma+) of [[World City|world cities]].<ref name="GaWC 2010">{{cite web|title=The world according to GaWC 2010|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html|publisher=[[Loughborough University]]|year=2011|accessdate=26 December 2011}}</ref> The city and its suburbs contain the highest number of [[special economic zone]]s of any Indian city.<ref name="TOI_Hyd_Economy">{{cite news|title=Heat on Hyderabad|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-12/hyderabad/29764436_1_hyderabad-global-city-srikrishna-committee|last=Sivaramakrishnan|first=K.C.|newspaper=The Times of India|date=12 July 2011|accessdate=19 April 2012}}</ref> Hyderabad's $74 billion [[gross domestic product]] makes it the fifth-largest contributor to India's overall GDP.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sat 3 Nov, 2012, 8:24 PM IST - India Markets closed |url=http://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807049.html |title=India's top 15 cities with the highest GDP Photos &#124; Pictures - Yahoo! India Finance |publisher=In.finance.yahoo.com |date=2012-09-28 |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>

Hyderabad is known as the "[[Hyderabad Pearls|City of Pearls]]" on account of its role in the pearl trade. Until the 18th century the city was the only global trading center for [[Kollur Mine#Notable diamonds|large diamonds]].<ref name="Waldemar Hansen"/><ref name="From pearls">{{cite book|title=Frommer's India|publisher=[[Wiley Publishing]]| page=403|year=2010|isbn=978-0-470-55610-8|last1=de Bruyn|first1=Pippa|last2= Bain|first2= Keith|last3=Allardice|first3=David|last4=Joshi|first4= Shonar}}
* {{cite news|title=Hyderabad in NYT 2011 list of must see places|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-26/hyderabad/28362599_1_hyderabad-list-nizam|newspaper=The Times of India|date=26 January 2011|accessdate=17 July 2011}}</ref> Many traditional and historical [[bazaar]]s are located in the city.<ref name="TheHindu_LB"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Glory of the gates|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/10/stories/2004031000490300.htm|last=Venkateshwarlu|first=K.|newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 March 2004|accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref> The Laad Bazaar and nearby markets have shops that sell pearls, diamonds and other traditional ware and cultural antiques.<ref name="TheHindu_LB">{{cite news|title=Laad bazaar traders cry foul|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/22/stories/2008022257980200.htm|last=Kumar|first=Abhijit Dev|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 February 2008|accessdate=22 February 2008}}
* {{cite book|title=The rough guide to south India|publisher=[[The Penguin Group]]|page=553|year=1982|isbn=1-84353-103-8|last1=Abram|first1=David|last2=Edwards|first2=Nick|last3=Ford|first3=Mike}}</ref> Hyderabad's commercial markets are divided into four sectors: central business districts, sub-central business centres, neighbourhood business centres and local business centres.<ref name="Peter Scott">{{cite book|title=Geography and retailing|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|pages=137–138|year=2009|isbn=978-0-202-30946-0|last=Scott|first=Peter}}</ref> Several central business districts are spread across the city.<ref name="TOICBD&THCBD">{{cite news|title=Despite Telangana heat, city's information technology cup brimming over: report|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Despite-Telangana-heat-citys-Information-Technology-cup-brimming-over-Report/articleshow/13015756.cms|last= Bharadwaj-Chand|first=Swati|newspaper=The Times of India|date=6 May 2012|accessdate=6 May 2012}}
* {{cite news|title=Will the real central hub stand up?|url=http://www.hindu.com/pp/2005/07/23/stories/2005072300260100.htm|last=Mathew|first=Dennis Marcus|newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 July 2005|accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref> According to a survey by [[Cushman & Wakefield]], Hyderabad's retail industry and traditional markets were growing in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hyderabad, Chennai & Bangalore witness high rental growth: retail survey|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/2007/11/16/stories/2007111650820500.htm|newspaper=the Hindu Business Line|date=16 November 2001|accessdate=16 November 2007}}</ref>

Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports.<ref name="Albion CX19">{{cite web|title=Other Albion CX19|url=http://www.albioncx19project.org.uk/other_cx19s.htm|work=Albion CX19 restoration project|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Neelakantan">{{cite conference|title=Economy, population and urban sprawl|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf|conference=Urban population, development and environment dynamics in developing countries|pages=7–19|date=13 June 2007|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref> From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises were established in the city,<ref name="TOI_EcoGrow">{{cite news|title=Brand Hyderabad loss of gloss?|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-14/hyderabad/30397051_1_r-d-centres-aurobindo-pharma-brand-hyderabad|last=Bharadwaj Chand|first=Swati|newspaper=The Times of India|date=14 November 2011|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref> such as [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]] (BHEL), [[National Mineral Development Corporation]] (NMDC), [[Bharat Electronics]] (BE), [[Electronics Corporation of India Limited]] (ECIL), [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO), [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL), [[Andhra Bank]] (AB) and [[State Bank of Hyderabad]] (SBH). Thus Hyderabad evolved from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre.<ref name="Rao"/> Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services, insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail.<ref name="Neelakantan"/> The service industry remains dominant in the city, and 90% of the employed workforce is engaged in this sector.<ref name="MIT">{{cite web|title=Country briefing:India–economy|url=http://globalhealth.mit.edu/home/india-economy/#_ftn5=|publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]|date=1 September 2010|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref> According to a government survey, 77% of males and 19% of females in the city were employed in 2005.<ref name="delhi_gov">{{cite journal|title=Employment-unemployment situation in million plus cities of India|url=http://delhi.gov.in/DoIT/DES/Publication/paper61.pdf|publisher=[[Delhi Government]]|page=15|year=2005|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref>

[[File:MindSpace campus in Hyderabad, India.jpg|thumb|left|HITEC city, the hub of information technology companies|alt=City panorama showing gardens, clean roads and modern office buildings]]
Hyderabad is known as "India's pharmaceutical capital" and as the "[[Genome Valley]] of India" because of its many pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.<ref name="Gen Tgr hp">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad: India's genome valley|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/nov/30spec.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=30 November 2004|accessdate=13 June 2011}}
* {{cite news|title=Hyderabad is a hot destination for Walsh|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/4339614/Hyderabad-is-a-hot-destination-for-Walsh.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=25 January 2009|accessdate=18 October 2011|first=Alistair|last=Osborne}}
* {{cite news|title=Job market booming overseas for many American companies|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/28/job-market-booming-overseas_n_801839.html|newspaper=[[Huffington Post]]|date=28 December 2010|accessdate=6 October 2011}}</ref> It is a global centre of information technology, for which it is known as ''Cyberabad'' (Cyber City).<ref name="roy aih">{{cite book|title=Worlding cities: Asian experiments and the art of being global|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|page=253|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4051-9277-4|last1=Roy|first1=Ananya|last2=Aihwa|first2=Ong}}</ref><ref name="toi chary">{{cite news|title=An Amazon shot for city|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/An-Amazon-shot-for-city/articleshow/10335301.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=13 October 2011|accessdate=13 October 2011}}
* {{cite book|title=India:nation on the move: an overview of India's people, culture, history, economy, IT industry, and more| publisher=iUniverse.com|pages=247–248|year=2009|isbn= 9781440116353|last=Chary|first=Manish Telikicherla}}</ref> During 2008–09, Hyderabad's IT exports reached {{US$}} 4.7&nbsp;billion,<ref name="TheTelegraph">{{cite news|title=Brand Hyderabad, takes a hit in Indian unrest|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatnews/6935514/Brand-Hyderabad-takes-a-hit-in-Indian-unrest.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=5 January 2010|accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref> and 22% of the [[NASSCOM]]'s total membership is from the city.<ref name="TOI_Hyd_Economy"/> The development of [[HITEC City]], a township with extensive technological infrastructure, prompted multinational companies to establish facilities in Hyderabad.<ref name="roy aih"/> The city is home to more than 1300 IT firms, including global conglomerates such as [[Microsoft]] (operating its largest [[Microsoft India (R & D) Pvt Ltd|R&D campus]] outside the US), [[Google]], [[IBM]], [[Yahoo!]], [[Dell]], [[Facebook]],<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1"/>{{rp|3}}<ref name="goo bus">{{cite news|title=Tour Google India|url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/10/18/news/international/google_india.fortune/index.htm|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=23 October 2007|accessdate=5 October 2011|first=Sheridan|last=Prasso}}
* {{cite news|title=The top five cities|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/the-top-five-cities/0/4265.html|newspaper=[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]]|date=27 August 2011|accessdate=9 September 2011}}
* {{cite web|title=Our office locations|url=http://careers.microsoft.com/careers/en/in/offices.aspx|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|year=2011|accessdate=9 September 2011}}</ref> and major Indian firms including [[Mahindra Satyam]], [[Infosys]], [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]], [[Genpact]] and [[Wipro]].<ref name="cgg Hyderabad 1"/>{{rp|3}}

Like the rest of India, Hyderabad has a large [[informal economy]] that employs 30% of the labour force.<ref name="GHMC_Slums"/>{{rp|71}} According to a survey published in 2007, it had 40–50,000 [[Hawker (trade)|street vendors]], and their numbers were increasing.<ref name="wipper&Christoph">{{cite web|title=Urban street food vendors in the food provisioning system of Hyderabad|work=Analysis and action for sustainable development of Hyderabad|url=http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/36909/2/Megacity%20Report-4.pdf|publisher=[[Humboldt University of Berlin]]|pages=9–25|year=2007|last1=Wipper|first1=Marlis|last2=Dittrich|first2=christoph|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref>{{rp|9}} Among the street vendors, 84% are male and 16% female, and four fifths have [[Stall (enclosure)#Market stall|stationary shops]]. Most are financed through personal savings; only 8% borrow from moneylenders.<ref name="Sharit&Debdulal">{{cite web|title=Street vending in ten cities in India|url=http://nasvinet.org/upload/NASVI_FINAL%20REPORT.pdf|publisher=[[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]]|pages=10–25|year=2012|last1=Bhowmik|first1=Sharit K.|last2=Saha|first2=Debdulal|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=November 2012}} Vendor earnings vary from {{INR convert|50}} to {{INR convert|800}} per day.<ref name="wipper&Christoph"/> Other unorganised economic sectors include dairy, poultry farming, brick manufacturing, casual labour and domestic help. Those involved in the informal economy constitute a major portion of urban poor.<ref name="GHMC_Slums"/>{{rp|71}}

==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in Hyderabad, India}}
[[File:Hyderabad Street Market.jpg|thumb|A congested road near Charminar showing pedestrians, auto-rickshaws and street vendors|alt= A congested road showing pedestrian traffic, auto-rickshaws and street vendors encroaching on the pavement]]
Public modes of transport such as buses, [[auto rickshaw]]s and light railways are the most commonly used in Hyderabad.<ref name="Hyd met rep">{{cite web|title=Executive summary of detailed project report|url=http://hyderabadmetrorail.in/images/pdfs/executive-summary.pdf|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=18 May 2012}}</ref> As of 2007, its vehicle distribution is 75% two-wheelers, 14% cars, 1% taxis, 4% goods vehicles, 2% buses  and 4% other vehicles.<ref name="Wba ci rep"/>{{rp|28}} As of 2012, there are 77,035 auto rickshaws and 3,800 [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|RTC buses]].<ref>{{cite news|title=AC buses are RTC's white elephants|url=http://www.asianage.com/hyderabad/ac-buses-are-rtc-s-white-elephants-123|newspaper=Asian Age |date=20 May 2012|accessdate=20 May 2012}}
* {{cite web|title=20,000 more autos to hit Hyderabad roads|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20000-more-autos-to-hit-hyderabad-roads/289003-62-131.html|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=6 September 2012|accessdate=11 September 2012}}</ref> In some parts of the city [[cycle rickshaw]]s are hired to travel smaller distances.<ref name="Wba ci rep"/>{{rp|32}} As of 2001, two-wheelers and cars are involved in 50% of road accidents, public transport buses and trucks in 10% and auto-rickshaws in 15%. Altogether, 12% of the accidents are [[fatal]] and 88% result in injury (including the 40% of accidents that are caused by non-availability{{Clarify|date=November 2012}} of pedestrian facilities).<ref name="Wba ci rep"/>{{rp|32}}<ref name="Hyd met rep"/> As of 2010, maximum speed limits within the city are {{convert|50|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}} for two-wheelers and cars, {{convert|35|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}} for auto rickshaws and {{convert|40|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}} for [[light commercial vehicle]]s and buses.<ref>{{cite news|title=Speed limits fixed for vehicles on city roads|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/10/stories/2010011058940300.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 January 2010|accessdate=25 May 2012}}</ref>

Three [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]] pass through the city: [[National Highway 7 (India)|NH-7]], [[National Highway 9 (India)|NH-9]] and [[National Highway 202 (India)|NH-202]].<ref>{{cite web|title=NH wise details of NH in respect of stretches entrusted to NHA|url=http://www.nhai.org/Doc/project-offer/Highways.pdf|publisher=[[National Highways Authority of India]]|accessdate=19 October 2011}}
* {{cite web|title=NH wise details of NH in respect of stretches entrusted to NHA|url=http://www.nhai.org/statewise1.asp|publisher=National Highways Authority of India|accessdate=19 October 2011}}</ref> Five state highways, [[State Highway 1 (Andhra Pradesh)|SH-1]], SH-2, SH-4, SH-5 and SH-6, either begin at or pass through Hyderabad,<ref name="Wba ci rep"/>{{rp|1}} and traffic congestion is widespread.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pre-feasibility study for bus rapid transit|url=http://www.itdp.org/documents/Hyderabad_BRT.pdf%7CHyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|publisher=[[Institute for Transportation and Development Policy]]|format=PDF|date=March 2005|accessdate=11 September 2012}}</ref>{{rp|2–3}} Like many other Indian metropolitan cities, Hyderabad faces parking problems, particularly in the city centre. Roads occupy 6% of the total city area.<ref name="Wba ci rep"/>{{rp|3}} The Inner Ring Road, the [[Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad)|Outer Ring Road]] and various [[Interchange (road)|interchanges]], overpasses and underpasses have been developed to ease the congestion. As of 2008, the [[Elevated Expressways in Hyderabad#P.V. Narasimha Rao Elevated Expressway|Hyderabad Elevated Expressway]] is the longest flyover in India.<ref name="thehindu_NH">{{cite news|title=Expressway behind schedule|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/23/stories/2008012358550300.htm|last= Maitreyi|first=M.L.Melly| newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 January 2008|accessdate=19 October 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Hyderabad Airport.jpg|thumb|left|Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, completed in 2008, was the second public–private partnership among Indian airports. |alt=Well-lit facade of a modern building]]
The bus service provided by the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) is the most frequently used means of public transport within the city.<ref name="APSRTC">{{cite web|url=http://apsrtc.gov.in|title=APSRTC|date=31 July 2011|accessdate=4 September 2011}}</ref> According to ''[[Guinness World Records]] 2005'', APSRTC operates the world's largest fleet of buses in terms of number of commuters, estimated to carry 13 million passengers a day.<ref name="gwr srtc">{{cite book|title=A major frota de onibus|publisher=[[Guinness World Records]]|page=143|year=2005|isbn=85-00-01522-5}}</ref> The [[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station]] in the city centre is the main bus station.<ref name="thehindu_apsrtc2">{{cite news|title=Chaos reigns supreme at MGBS|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2562114.ece|date=22 October 2011|newspaper=The Hindu |accessdate=23 October 2011}}</ref> [[Setwin]] (Society for Employment Promotion & Training in Twin Cities) operates [[minibus]]es in the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=SETWIN buses back on roads|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/04/stories/2006090419800300.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 September 2006|accessdate=28 April 2012}}</ref> Hired transport includes taxis and the widely used auto rickshaws.<ref name="abc">{{cite news|title=Move to replace auto-rickshaws with taxis in Hyderabad in four years|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/12/stories/2007101259260100.htm| newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 October 2007|accessdate=5 September 2011}}</ref>

The Secunderabad Railway Station is the headquarters of the [[South Central Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]], and the largest station in Hyderabad. Other major railway stations are [[Hyderabad Deccan Station]], [[Kachiguda Railway Station]] and [[Begumpet Railway Station]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,283|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|accessdate=23 May 2012}}</ref> Hyderabad's light rail transportation system, known as the [[Multi-Modal Transport System (Hyderabad)|Multi-Modal Transport System]], is used by over 150,000 passengers daily.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/02/23/stories/2010022361260300.htm|title=Will railway budget give impetus to MMTS-II|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=23 February 2010|date=23 February 2010}}</ref> [[Hyderabad Metro]], a [[rapid transit]] system, is under construction and is scheduled to operate three lines by 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=L&T set to bag Rs 12,132-cr Hyderabad metro rail project|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/article998560.ece?ref=archive|newspaper=Business Line|date=14 July 2011|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] (RGAI) {{airport codes|HYD|VOHS}} was opened in 2008, replacing [[Begumpet Airport]].<ref name="thehindu_RGIA">{{cite news|title=A hub beginning to take roots|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/2010/03/03/stories/2010030353660400.htm|last=Kurmanath|first=K.V| newspaper=Business Line|date=3 March 2010|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> In 2011, [[Airports Council International]], an autonomous body representing the world's airports, judged RGAI the world's best airport in the {{nowrap|5–15 million}} passenger category and the world's fifth best airport for Airport service quality.<ref name="Hyd AirTransport">{{cite news|title=Delhi, Hyderabad airports among top in the world|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Delhi-Hyderabad-airports-among-top-in-the-world/articleshow/7509671.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 February 2011|accessdate=16 February 2011}}
* {{cite news|title=Hyderabad airport adjudged amongst top five in world|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article108113.ece|newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 February 2010|accessdate=17 February 2010}}</ref>

==Culture==
{{#switch: {{#expr: {{CURRENTSECOND}} mod 3}}
|0=[[File:Jummat-ul-wida.jpg|thumb|right|Devotees performing Ramadan prayers at Mecca Masjid|alt=Several male devotees performing prayers at a mosque.]]
|1=[[File:Bonalu Dance.jpg|thumb|Women dancing and carrying pots on head during Bonalu festival|alt=Several women clad in sari, some carrying decorated pots on their head.]]
|2=[[File:Hyderabad bull.jpg|thumb|A [[Bull]] decorated during [[Sadar (festival)|Sadar carnival]], celebrated by [[Yadav|Yadav community]].|alt=A man holding a rope of a decorated bull.]]
}}
{{main|Culture of Hyderabad, India}}
{{See also|Muslim culture of Hyderabad}}
Hyderabad is noted for its mingling of North and South Indian linguistic and cultural traits and for the coexistence of Hindu and Muslim traditions there.<ref name="NS&voyager">{{cite book|title=Hyderabad: an expat survival guide|publisher=Chillibreeze |page=9|year=2007|isbn=978-81-904055-5-3}}
* {{cite news|last=Mohammed|first=Syed|title=Hyderabad through the eyes of a voyager|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-24/hyderabad/29809601_1_hyderabad-bike-temples-and-mosques|newspaper=The Times of India|date=24 July 2011|accessdate=27 December 2011}}</ref><ref name="Lynton1987">{{cite book|last=Lynton|first=Harriet Ronken|title=Days of the beloved|year=1987|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-0-86311-269-0}}</ref>{{rp|viii}} Telugu and Urdu are the languages most commonly spoken.<ref>{{cite web|title=Languages|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/languages.html|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|year=2011|accessdate=14 April 2012}}
</ref> Traditional Hyderabadi garb is ''[[Sherwani]]'' and ''[[Kurta]]–[[Paijama]]'' for men and ''[[Khara Dupatta]]'' and ''[[Salwar kameez]]'' for women.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rajamani|first=Radhika|title=Clothes make-over for men|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/03/21/stories/2002032100230100.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 March 2002|accessdate=22 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="TOI_Culture">{{cite news|title=Changing trends in city's culture|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Changing-trends-in-citys-culture/articleshow/14738898.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=8 July 2012|accessdate=8 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Karen Leonard">{{cite book|last=Leonard|first=Karen Isaksen|title=Locating home: India's Hyderabadis abroad|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|pages=14 and 248–255|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8047-5442-2}}</ref> Muslim women commonly wear ''[[burqa]]s'' and ''[[hijab]]s'' in public.<ref name="times_burqa">{{cite news|title=Burqa sale on the rise in old city|last= Baseerat|first=Bushra|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Burqa-sale-on-the-rise-in-Old-City/articleshow/7175090.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=28 December 2010|accessdate=14 April 2012}}</ref> Most youths wear [[western clothing]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Efforts should be made to preserve traditional wear|url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/03/23/stories/2009032350730400.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 March 2009|accessdate=14 April 2012}}</ref> Festivals celebrated in Hyderabad include [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], [[Diwali]], [[Bonalu]], [[Bathukamma]], [[Eid ul-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]].

===Literature===
Hyderabad received royal patronage for arts, literature and architecture from its former rulers; this attracted artists and men of letters from different parts of the world. The resulting multi-ethnic settlements popularised cultural events such as ''[[mushaira]]s'' (poetic symposia).<ref name="Int Mushaira">{{cite news|title=Anjuman Muhibban-e-Urdu to hold international mushaira|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/anjuman-muhibban-e-urdu-hold-international-mushaira|newspaper=The Siasat Daily|date=13 April 2012|accessdate=13 April 2012}}</ref> The Qutb Shahi dynasty patronised the growth of Deccani Urdu literature; the ''[[Deccani Masnavi]]'' and ''[[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan]]'' (collection of poems) composed during this period are among the earliest available manuscripts in Urdu.<ref name="Masud">{{cite book|title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|pages=50–77|year=1996|isbn=81-260-0233-6|last=Hussain Khan|first=Masud}}</ref> The reign of the Nizams saw many literary reforms and the introduction of Urdu as a language of court, administration and education.<ref name="Datta">{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian literature: Devraj to Jyoti, Volume 2|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|pages=1260, 1746–1748|year=2005|isbn=81-260-1194-7|last=Datta|first=Amaresh}}</ref> In 1824, a collection of Urdu ''[[Ghazal]]s'' (a specific poetic form) named ''Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa'', penned by [[Mah Laqa Bai]]—the first female Urdu poet—was published in Hyderabad.<ref name="Mah laqa bai">{{cite book|title=Women writing in India volume 1, 600 BC to the early twentieth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u297RJP9gvwC|publisher=[[The Feminist Press]]| pages=120–122|year=1991|isbn=1-55861-027-8|first1=Susie J.|last1=Tharu|first2=K.|last2=Lalita|accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref> The [[Hyderabad Literary Festival]], held since 2010, is an annual event that showcases the city's literary and cultural creativity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Celebrating creativity|url=http://www.hyderabadliteraryfestival.com/|work=Hyderabad Literary Festival 2012|year=2012|accessdate=14 April 2012}}</ref> Organisations engaged in research into and promotion of literature include the [[Sahitya Akademi]], the Urdu Academy, the Telugu Academy, the [[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]], the Comparative Literature Association of India, and Andhra Saraswata Parishad. The [[State Central Library, Hyderabad|State Central Library]], established in 1891, is the largest public library in the state.<ref name="Asifia_library">{{cite news|last= Singh|first=T. Lalith|title=State central library to sport a grand look again|url=http://hindu.com/2005/08/06/stories/2005080615910300.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=6 August 2005|accessdate=13 April 2012}}</ref> Other major libraries are the [[Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam]], the [[British Library, Hyderabad|British Library]] and the [[Sundarayya Vignana Kendram]].<ref name="dsal and sundarayya">{{cite web|title=The original Urdu research center (URC)|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/bibliographic/urlc/urc.html|publisher=Digital South Asia Library|date=29 September 2009|accessdate=29 April 2012}}
* {{cite web|title=The Urdu research centre, Hyderabad: a souvenir|url=http://www.sundarayya.org/pdf/BBC-URLC.pdf|work=[[Sundarayya Vignana Kendram]]|date=10 June 2004|accessdate=29 April 2012}}</ref>

===Music, performing arts and films===
In princely Hyderabad, the nobles had a tradition of [[courtesan]] dance and poetry,{{Clarify|date=November 2012|post-text=(see talk)}} which led to the development of certain styles of court music and dance. [[Taramati Baradari|Taramati]] in the early 16th century and Mah Laqa Bai in the 18th are two courtesans who popularised [[Kathak]] dance.{{Citation needed|date=November 2012}} Besides [[Western culture|western]] and Indian popular music genres such as [[filmi]] music, the residents of Hyderabad play city-based ''[[marfa music]]'', especially at weddings, festivals and other celebratory events.<ref name="thehindu_marfa">{{cite news|last= Kumar|first=Abhijit Dev|title=It's "teen maar" for marriages, festivals |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/23/stories/2008102358610200.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 October 2008|accessdate=17 June 2012}}</ref> The state government organises the Golconda Music and Dance Festival, the Taramati Music Festival and the Premavathi Dance Festival.<ref name="Mah laqa bai"/><ref name="TOI and NYT_Culture">{{cite news|title=Doorway to culture in the name of Taramati|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-12-28/hyderabad/27175685_1_aptdc-golconda-fort-taramati-baradari|newspaper=The Times of India|date=28 December 2003|accessdate=23 June 2012}}
* {{cite news|title=36 hours in Hyderabad, India|last=Vora|first=Shivani|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2012/05/13/travel/36-hours-in-hyderabad-india.html?pagewanted=all|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 May 2012|accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref> Though the city is not particularly noted for theatre and drama,<ref name="TheHindu_Theatere">{{cite news|title=Theatre is catching up in Hyderabad|url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/01/19/stories/2009011950120100.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|last=Kumar|first=S. Sandeep|date=19 January 2009|accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref> the state government promotes theatre with multiple programmes and festivals.<ref name="The Hindu_theater2">{{cite news|title=Verse drama feast|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/04/15/stories/2011041550400300.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|last=Srihari|first=Gudipoodi|date=15 April 2011|accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2012}} The [[Ravindra Bharati]], [[Shilpakala Vedika]] and Lalithakala Thoranam are auditoria for theatre and performing arts in the city. [[Numaish]] is a popular annual exhibition of local and national consumer products.<ref name="siasat numaish">{{cite news|title=Exhibition named 'Numaish' at last|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/exhibition-named-%E2%80%98numaish%E2%80%99-last|newspaper=The Siasat Daily|date=20 December 2009|accessdate=17 June 2012}}</ref> The city is home to the Telugu film industry, popularly known as [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]].<ref name="great-tollywood">{{cite news|title=Tollywood loses top slot|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Tollywood-loses-top-slot/articleshow/9689376.cms|newspaper=The Times of India |date=22 August 2011|accessdate=14 April 2012}}</ref> As of 2012, Tollywood is second only to [[Bollywood]] in producing the most films in India.<ref name="tol sec lar">{{cite news|last=Krishnamoorthy|first=Suresh|title=Telugu film industry MoU with Motion pictures association of America|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3205612.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 March 2012|accessdate=25 March 2012}}</ref> Since 2005, films in local Hyderabadi dialect have gained in popularity.<ref name="City_movies">{{cite news|last= Kavirayani|first=Suresh|title=New breed of Hyderabadi stars|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-01/news-interviews/29491135_1_film-industry-tollywood-new-breed|newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 May 2011|accessdate=13 April 2012}}</ref> The city hosts the annual International Children's Film Festival and the [[Hyderabad International Film Festival]].<ref name="IBN&TH">{{cite news|title=17th international children's film fest starts in Hyderabad|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/17th-childrens-film-fest-starts-in-hyderabad/202515-8-66.html|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=26 December 2011|accessdate=13 April 2012}}
* {{cite news|last=K. |first=Sangeetha Devi| title=Fuelled by passion|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/15/stories/2007031500260100.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=15 March 2007|accessdate=14 April 2012}}</ref> In 2005, ''Guinness World Records'' declared Ramoji Film City to be the world's largest film studio.<ref name="RFC_Guinness_World_Record">{{cite book|title=Largest film studio|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio/|publisher=Guinness World Records|year=2012|accessdate=14 April 2012}}</ref>

===Art and handicraft===

{{#switch: {{#expr: {{CURRENTSECOND}} mod 2}}
|0=[[File:Hookah base - Deccan - 1700 -1750 - Louvre - MAO 719.jpg|thumb|left|18th century bidriware, displayed at the [[Musée du Louvre]]|alt=A decorated metal vase on display]]
|1=[[File:Bidriware cup and lid, ca 1850 V&A Museum.jpg|thumb|left|An 18th century bidriware-Cup with lid, displayed at the [[V&A Museum]]|alt=A decorated metal vase on display]]
}}
The Golconda and Hyderabad styles are branches of [[Indian painting#Malwa, Deccan and Jaunpur schools of painting|Deccani painting]].<ref name="ccrtindia.gov.in">{{cite web|title=Miniature painting|url=http://www.ccrtindia.gov.in/miniaturepainting.htm|publisher=[[Centre for Cultural Resources and Training]]|accessdate=9 June 2012}}</ref> Developed during the 16th century, the Golconda style is a native style blending foreign techniques, bearing some similarity to the [[Mysore painting|Vijayanagara paintings]] of neighbouring Mysore. A significant use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in the Golconda style.<ref name="1 Mark_Zebrowski and 2 Ralph and Lefèvre">{{cite book|title=Deccani painting|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|pages=40–66|year=1983|isbn=0-85667-153-3|last=Zebrowski|first=Mark}}
* {{cite book|title=National exhibition of works of art, at Leeds, 1868: official catalogue|publisher=The Executive Committee|pages=301–313|year=2010|isbn=978-1-165-04393-4|last1=James|first1=Ralph|last2=Lefèvre| first2= L}}</ref> The Hyderabad style originated in the early 17th century under the Nizams. Highly influenced by [[Mughal painting]], this style makes use of bright colours and mostly depicts regional landscape, culture, costumes and jewellery.<ref name="ccrtindia.gov.in"/>

A metalware handicraft known as [[Bidriware|Bidri ware]] was popularised in the region in the 18th century. Bidri ware is a [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)#Geographical Indications tags|Geographical Indication]] (GI) tagged craft of India.<ref name="Jonathan and Sheila">{{cite book|title=The grove encyclopedia of Islamic art and architecture, volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=179 and 286|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-530991-1|last1=Bloom|first1=Jonathan|last2= Blair|first2=Sheila}}</ref><ref name="Bidriware">{{cite news|title=Proving their mettle in metal craft|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/hyderabad/30580986_1_bidriware-hyderabad-bidar|newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 January 2012|accessdate=13 April 2012}}</ref> [[Kalamkari]], a hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile, is popular in the city.<ref name="TOI_Kalamkari and Atlantic">{{cite news|last= Mohammed|first=Syed|title=Kalamkari losing Islamic thread|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-20/hyderabad/30646611_1_srikalahasti-qutub-shahi-fine-art|newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 January 2012|accessdate=14 April 2012}}
* {{cite book|title=Hyderabad state|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|page=42|year=1991|author=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series}}</ref> Hyderabad's museums include the Salar Jung Museum (housing "one of the largest one-man-collections in the world"<ref name="SJM">{{cite web|title=Partnership with the Salar Jung museum, Hyderabad|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/skills-sharing/world_collections_programme/salar_jung_museum.aspx|work= World collections programme|publisher=[[British Museum]]|accessdate=13 April 2012}}</ref>), the [[AP State Archaeology Museum]], the [[Nizam Museum]], the [[City Museum, Hyderabad|City Museum]] and the [[Birla Science Museum]], which contains a [[planetarium]].<ref name="TH_city and thehindu_museum">{{cite news|title=Muffakham Jah opens city museum|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2985506.ece|newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 March 2012|accessdate=13 April 2012}}
* {{cite news|title=Here's a treasure trove|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/kids/article2023279.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|first=Aparna|last=Menon|date=16 May 2011|accessdate=14 April 2012}}</ref>

===Architecture===
A distinct style of [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] enriched with regional influences is reflected in the city's buildings.<ref name="AnPet"/><ref name="Bur Mic">{{cite book|title=Indian Islamic architecture:forms and typologies, sites and monuments|pages=146–148|year=208|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|isbn=978-90-04-16339-3|first1= John|last1= Burton-Page|last2= Michell|first2=George}}</ref> The Qutb Shahi architecture of the 15th{{Dubious|Copy edit, November 2012|date=November 2012}} century is manifest in colossal [[arch]]es found in Golconda fort, the [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]], Charminar, Mecca Masjid and [[Charkaman]]. The chief materials used in these constructions are granite and lime mortar. Asif Jahi architecture began to emerge in the 17th century. Some 20th-century structures such as Osmania University, Osmania General Hospital and the High Court are designed and constructed in the styles of medieval and [[Mughal architecture]]. The Nizams applied [[European architecture|European styles]] in some of the constructions such as the Falaknuma and [[King Kothi Palace|King Kothi]] Palaces.<ref name="George Michell and Jubilee_Hall">{{cite book|title=The new Cambridge history of India, volumes 1–7|publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=218–219|year=1987|isbn=0-521-56321-6|last=Michell|first=George}}
* {{cite news|title=Jubilee hall a masterpiece of Asaf Jahi architecture|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/%E2%80%98jubilee-hall%E2%80%99-masterpiece-asaf-jahi-architecture|newspaper=The Siasat Daily|date=31 December 2011|accessdate=12 April 2012}}</ref> Other historical sites include the [[Chowmahalla Palace]], the [[Purani Haveli]], and the Andhra Pradesh State Assembly Building.<ref name="Jonathan and Sheila"/><ref name="UNESCO_Asia">{{cite web|title=UNESCO Asia-Pacific heritage awards for culture heritage conservation|url=http://www.unescobkk.org/unit-archive-folders/clt-archive-folder/heritage/world-heritage-and-immovable-heritage/asia-pacific-heritage-awards-for-culture-heritage-conservation/|work=[[UNESCO]]|year=2010|accessdate=8 October 2011}}</ref> [[Osman Ali Khan]], the 7th Nizam, is called the maker of modern Hyderabad because of his patronage of architecture in the city.<ref name="Jonathan and Sheila"/> In 2012, The government of India declared Hyderabad the first "Best heritage city of India".<ref name="Best_Heritage_City">{{Cite news|title=Heritage award for Hyderabad raises many eyebrows|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-02/hyderabad/31116258_1_heritage-city-tourism-hyderabad|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2 March 2012|accessdate=20 March 2012}}</ref>

[[File:India food.jpg|thumb|Hyderabadi Biryani (on left), and other dishes|alt=Three utensils containing spicy Indian food]]

===Cuisine===
{{Main|Hyderabadi cuisine}}

Hyderabadi cuisine became prominent with the Nizams.<ref name="C.Taylor.S">{{cite book|title=Food culture in India|publisher=Greenwood Puplication|page=90|year=2004|isbn=0-313-32487-5|last=Sen|first=Colleen Taylor}}</ref> It comprises a broad repertoire of rice, wheat and [[Lamb and mutton|meat]] dishes and the skilled use of various spices.<ref name="Elsa Hahne">{{cite book|title=You are where you eat: stories and recipes from the neighborhoods of new orleans|publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]]|pages=47–49|year=2008|isbn=978-1-57806-941-5|last=Hahne|first=Elsa}}</ref> ''[[Hyderabadi biryani]]'' and ''[[Hyderabadi haleem]]'', with their blend of [[Mughlai cuisine|Mughlai]] and [[Arab cuisine|Arab]] cuisines,<ref name="Sanjeev Kapoor"/> have become [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|iconic dishes]] of India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hyderabadi haleem now close to being patented|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/hyderabadi-haleem-now-close-to-being-patented-49064.html|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=2 September 2010|accessdate=14 April 2012}}
* {{cite news|title=The original 'slow food' staple: a GI tag for the iconic Hyderabadi dish is reason to raise a toast|url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/09/10214526/The-original-8216slow-food.html?h=B|last=Roy|first=Amrita|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=10 September 2010|accessdate=14 April 2012}}
* {{Cite news|title=Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad news: legendary biryani now turns 'single'|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/18/stories/2005081817520200.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=18 August 2005|accessdate=14 April 2012}}</ref> Hyderabadi cuisine is highly influenced by Mughlai and to some extent by [[French cuisine|French]],<ref name="C.Taylor.S"/> Arabic, [[Turkish cuisine|Turkish]], [[Iranian cuisine|Iranian]] and native [[Telugu cuisine|Telugu]] and [[Marathwada]] cuisines.<ref name="Karen Leonard"/><ref name="Sanjeev Kapoor">{{cite book|title=Royal Hyderabadi cooking|publisher=Popular Prakashan |page=3|year=2008|isbn=978-81-7991-373-4|last=Kapoor|first=Sanjeev}}</ref> Other popular native dishes include ''[[nihari]]'', ''[[chakna]]'', ''[[baghara baingan]]'' and the desserts ''[[qubani ka meetha]]'', ''[[double ka meetha]]'' and ''kaddu ki kheer'' (a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd).<ref name="Karen Leonard"/><ref name=Kaadu>{{cite news|title=A plateful of culture|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/11/25/stories/2010112550030100.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 November 2010|accessdate=14 April 2012}}
* {{cite news|title=Times food guide 2012 reaches Hyderabad|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-24/food-reviews/31091711_1_nightlife-awards-culinary-journey-anuj-gurwara|work=The Times of India|date=24 February 2012|accessdate=25 April 2012}}</ref>

==Media==
{{Main|Media in Hyderabad, India}}
One of the earliest newspapers to be published in Hyderabad was ''[[The Deccan Times]]'', which was established in the 1780s.<ref>{{cite book|title=The history of Urdu press: a case study of Hyderabad|publisher=Classical Publishing|page=27|year=1995|id={{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-7054-221-7}}|first=Khan|last=Masood Ali}}</ref> The major Telugu dailies published in Hyderabad are ''[[Eenadu]]'', ''[[Sakshi (magazine)|Sakshi]]'' and ''[[Andhra Jyothy]]'', the major English papers are ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[The Hindu]]'' and ''[[The Deccan Chronicle]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=Step-press|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/nov/15buzz.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=15 November 1997|accessdate=15 November 1997}}</ref> and the major Urdu papers include ''[[The Siasat Daily]]'', ''[[The Munsif Daily]]'' and ''[[Indian Etemaad|Etemaad]]''. Many coffee table magazines, professional magazines and research journals are regularly published there.<ref>{{cite web|title=Magazine publishers of India|url=http://www.publishersglobal.com/directory/india/media/magazine-publishers/1/|page=1|publisher=Publishers Global|accessdate=13 May 2012}}</ref> The Secunderabad Cantonment Board established the first radio station in Hyderabad State around 1919. [[Deccan Radio (Nizams Era)|Deccan Radio]] was the first local general{{Clarify|date=November 2012}} radio station, going on air on 3 February 1935.<ref name="Wavescan">{{cite web|title=The long and interesting story of all India Radio, Hyderabad&nbsp;– part 1|url=http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan100815.html|work=ontheshortwaves.com|date=15 August 2010|accessdate=20 January 2012}}</ref> In 2000, radio stations were permitted to broadcast in [[FM broadcasting|FM]];<ref name="CIA_India">{{cite web|title=South Asia: India|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html#top|work=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|date=12 April 2012|accessdate=22 May 2012}}</ref> the available channels included [[All India Radio]], [[Radio Mirchi]], [[Radio City (India radio station)|Radio City]] and [[BIG FM 92.7|Big FM]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio stations in Andhra Pradesh, India|url=http://www.asiawaves.net/india/andhra-pradesh-radio.htm#hyderabad-radio|work=asiawaves.net|accessdate=18 September 2011}}</ref>

Television broadcasting in Hyderabad began in 1974 with the launch of ''[[Doordarshan]]'', the Government of India's [[Public broadcasting|public service broadcaster]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Kendra's origin|url=http://www.ddsaptagiri.tv/kendrasOrigin.html|publisher=Doordarshan Kendra Hyderabad|year=2008|accessdate=7 October 2011}}</ref> which transmits two [[free-to-air]] terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel. Private satellite channels started in July 1992 with the launch of [[STAR (India)|Star TV]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Invasion from the skies: the impact of foreign television in India|url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv.php?pid=UQ:11329&dsID=manchanda98.pdf|first=Usha |last=Manchanda|journal=Australian Studies in Journalism|volume=7|year=1998|page=146|accessdate=22 April 2012}}</ref> Satellite TV channels are accessible via [[Cable television|cable subscription]], [[Direct-broadcast satellite|direct-broadcast satellite services]] or [[IPTV|internet-based television]].<ref name="CIA_India"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Consolidated list of channels allowed to be carried by cable operators/ multi system operators/ DTH licensees in India|url=http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/tvchannels/channellist.pdf|publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]]|accessdate=13 May 2012}}</ref> Hyderabad's first dial-up Internet access became available in the early 1990s but was initially limited to computer software development companies.<ref name="Fortner and Fackler">{{cite book|title=The handbook of global communication and media ethics|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]| page=|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4051-8812-8|last1=Fortner|first1=Robert.S|last2=Fackler|first2=P. Mark}}</ref> The first public internet access service began in 1995, and in 1998 the first private sector [[Internet service provider|ISP]] started operating.<ref>{{cite web|title=Information and communication technologies throughout the world|url=http://www.unesco.org/webworld/wcir/en/pdf_report/chap15.pdf|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|page=210|year=1998|accessdate=26 May 2012}}</ref>

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Hyderabad, India}}
{{See also|:Category:Research institutes in Hyderabad, India|l1=List of institutions based in Hyderabad, India|List of Defense research centers in Hyderabad, India}}
[[File:OsmaniaUnivArtsCollege.JPG|thumb|[[Osmania University]], college of Arts|alt=A large building building made of granite stone]]
Schools in Hyderabad are affiliated to either [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], [[Secondary School Certificate|SSC]]<ref name="ssc">{{cite news|title=SSC results: girls score higher percentage|date=22 May 2011|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2040014.ece|newspaper=The Hindu |accessdate=9 September 2011 }}</ref> or [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]], run by government or private entities (local governing bodies, individuals, missionaries or other agencies). An estimated two-thirds of students study at private schools.<ref name="TNYT_School">{{cite news|title=Many of India's poor turn to private schools|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/31/world/asia/for-indias-poor-private-schools-help-fill-a-growing-demand.html?pagewanted=all|last1=Bajaj|first1=Vikas|last2=Yardley|first2=Jim|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=30 December 2011|accessdate=10 June 2012}}</ref> Languages of instruction include English, Hindi, Urdu<ref>{{cite news|title=Centre extends 40-cr aid to Urdu schools|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-02-27/hyderabad/27133944_1_urdu-schools-primary-schools-upgradation|newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 February 2002|accessdate=9 July 2011}}</ref> and Telugu. Schools follow the [[Education in India|"10+2+3" plan]]. After completing their secondary education, students typically enroll in schools or junior colleges that have a higher secondary facility. Admission to professional colleges in Hyderbad is through [[Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test]]. The majority of colleges are affiliated with either [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad|Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University]] or Osmania University.<ref name="ouwebsite">{{cite web|title=Vice chancellor's speech about Osmania university|url=http://www.osmania.ac.in/AboutUsVCSpeech.htm|publisher=Osmania University|accessdate=15 November 2007}}</ref>

As of 2012, there were 13 universities located in Hyderabad, of which two are private universities, two deemed universities, six state universities and three central universities. The central universities in the city are the [[University of Hyderabad]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/pub/annualreport/annualreport_0506.pdf|title=Annual report 2005–2006|publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)]]|pages=195–217|accessdate=20 January 2012}}</ref> [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] and [[English and Foreign Languages University]].<ref name="central_univ">{{cite web|title=Central universities |url=http://mhrd.gov.in/central_univ_eng_11|publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India|accessdate=20 June 2012}}</ref> The Osmania University established in 1918 was the first university in Hyderabad. As of 2012, it is India's second-most popular destination for international students.<ref name="IBN_Edu">{{cite news|title=OU to hike fee for foreign students|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ou-to-hike-fee-for-foreign-students/243697-60-121.html|last=Reddy|first=T. Karnakar|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=30 March 2012|accessdate=2 May 2012}}</ref> The [[Andhra Pradesh Open University|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University]], established in 1982, is the first distance learning [[open university]] in India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Distance no bar|url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2005/08/22/stories/2005082200020100.htm|last=Reddy|first=R. Ravikanth|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 August 2005|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Indian School of Business.JPG|thumb|left|[[Indian School of Business]] campus|alt=The Indian School of Business, Hyderabad, Campus]]
Notable business and management schools in Hyderabad are the [[Indian School of Business]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=ISB ranked at 12 among global B schools|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/26/stories/2010012658580200.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 January 2010|accessdate=17 May 2010}}</ref> and the [[Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-career-looking-beyond-iims-indias-top-b-schools/20110127.htm|title=India's top B-Schools: Looking beyond IIMs|work=Rediff.com|accessdate=27 January 2011}}</ref> Institutes of national importance include the [[Institute of Public Enterprise]], the [[Administrative Staff College of India]], and the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]]. Hyderabad is home to five major medical schools—[[Osmania Medical College]] (established in 1846), [[Gandhi Medical College]], [[Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences]], [[Deccan College of Medical Sciences]], [[Shadan Institute Of Medical Sciences]],<ref>{{cite web|title=List of colleges teaching MBBS|url=http://www.mciindia.org/InformationDesk/MedicalCollegeHospitals/ListofCollegesTeachingMBBS.aspx|publisher=[[Medical Council of India]]|year=2010|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> and many affiliated teaching hospitals. The [[Government Nizamia Tibbi College]], established in 1810, is a [[unani medicine]] college.<ref>{{cite web|title=Unani|url=http://health.ap.nic.in/health/unani.html|publisher=Health, Medical and Family Welfare Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> The city is also a major centre for biomedical, biotechnology and pharmaceutical studies and research;<ref name="TH_S&T and rediff">{{cite news|title=Another research body to come up in Hyderabad|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/008200901250323.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 January 2009|accessdate=3 May 2012}}
* {{cite news|title=Hyderabad: India's Genome Valley|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/nov/30spec.htm|last=Iype|first=George|work=Rediff.com|date=30 November 2004|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> the [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research]] is located here.<ref>{{cite news|title=A fillip to pharma sector|url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/09/21/stories/2009092151160300.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=3 January 2011|date=21 September 2009}}</ref> The [[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] and the [[Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University]] are notable [[agricultural engineering]] institutes. The city is home to many of India's premier technical and engineering schools, including the [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]],the [[Birla Institute of Technology & Science]], and  the [[Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Indian Institute Of Technology]] (IIT-H) . The premier professional fashion designing institutions in the city are Raffles Millennium International, [[NIFT Hyderabad]] and [[Wigan and Leigh College, India|Wigan and Leigh College]].
{{clear}}

==Sports==
{{See also|List of stadiums in Hyderabad, India}}
[[File:Sarang perform.jpg|thumb|190px|right|[[Indian Air Force]], [[HAL Dhruv]] at the [[2007 Military World Games]]|alt=three helicopter flying in the sky]]
[[Cricket]] and [[association football|football]] (soccer) are the most popular sports.<ref name="Novy kapadia">{{cite journal|title=Triumphs and disaster: the story of Indian football, 1889–2000|url=http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf|last=Kapadia|first=Novy|journal=Soccer and Society|volume=2|issue=2|year=2001|page=19|accessdate=3 April 2012|doi=10.1080/714004851|s2cid=145561706 }}</ref> The city has hosted national and international sports events such as the 2002 [[National Games of India]], the [[2003 Afro-Asian Games]], the [[2004 Hyderabad Open]], the [[2007 Military World Games]], the [[2009 BWF World Championships]] and [[IBSF World Snooker Championship|IBSF World Snooker Championship (2009)]]. The [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]] and the [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]] host cricket matches;<ref>{{cite web|title=Stadiums in India|url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/india.shtml|publisher=World Stadium|accessdate=22 August 2011}}</ref> the latter serves as a home ground of [[Hyderabad Cricket Association]]. Hyderabad has been the venue of multiple international cricket matches, including matches in 1987, 1996 and 2011 [[Cricket World Cup]]s. The [[Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex]] is a venue for [[field hockey]], and the [[G.M.C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|G.M.C. Balayogi Stadium]] at [[Gachibowli]] is an athletics and [[association football|football]] venue.<ref>{{cite news|title=Synthetic track at GMC Balayogi stadium will be protected:SAAP|url=http://hindu.com/2005/12/15/stories/2005121505350200.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 December 2005|accessdate=9 September 2011}}
* {{cite web|title=Balayogi athletic stadium|url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_pictures/asia/india/hyderabad_balayogi.shtml|work=World stadiums|accessdate=7 October 2011}}</ref>

The [[Hyderabad cricket team]] represents the city in the [[Ranji Trophy]], a [[first-class cricket]] tournament among India's states and cities. The [[Deccan Chargers]], a franchise in the [[Indian Premier League]], won the [[2009 Indian Premier League]] held in South Africa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Last in 2008, toppers this year: Deccan script IPL fairytale|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/last-in-2008-toppers-this-year-deccan-scri/465138/|work=The Indian Express|date=24 May 2009|accessdate=30 April 2012}}</ref> The city houses many elite clubs formed by the Nizams and British, such as the [[Secunderabad Club]], the [[Nizam Club]] and the [[Hyderabad Race Club]] known for its horse racing,<ref>{{cite news|title=Race course slows traffic in Malakpet|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-05/hyderabad/28332942_1_race-course-road-chaderghat-traffic-personnel|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 March 2004|accessdate=5 March 2004}}</ref> especially the annual Deccan derby.<ref>{{cite news|title=Starsky claims The Hindu Deccan Derby|url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/10/03/stories/07030879.htm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 October 2001|accessdate=30 April 2012}}</ref> The [[Andhra Pradesh Motor Sports Club]] organises popular events such as the Deccan 1/4 Mile Drag, TSD Rallies and 4x4 Off road.<ref>{{cite news|title=Excitement unlimited at drag race|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/14/stories/2009121459890400.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=14 December 2009|date=14 December 2009}}</ref> The [[Hyderabad Golf Club]] is an eighteen-hole golf course.<ref name="worldgolf">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad|url=http://www.worldgolf.com/courses/indiagcs.html|work=World golf |accessdate=6 September 2011}}</ref> Notable sports persons of international stature from Hyderabad include cricketers [[Ghulam Ahmed]], [[M. L. Jaisimha]], [[Mohammed Azharuddin]], [[V. V. S. Laxman]], [[Venkatapathy Raju]], [[Shivlal Yadav]], [[Arshad Ayub]], [[Noel David]]; football players [[Syed Abdul Rahim]], [[Syed Nayeemuddin]], [[Shabbir Ali (Footballer)|Shabbir Ali]];<ref>{{cite news|title=Remembering unsung heroes|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/07/stories/2002110700970400.htm|last=Sen Gupta|first=Abhijit|newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 November 2002|accessdate=25 October 2011}}</ref> tennis player [[Sania Mirza]]; badminton players [[S. M. Arif]], [[Pullela Gopichand]], [[Saina Nehwal]], [[Jwala Gutta]], [[Chetan Anand (badminton)|Chetan Anand]]; hockey players [[Syed Mohammad Hadi]], [[Mukesh Kumar (hockey)|Mukesh Kumar]] and bodybuilder [[Mir Mohtesham Ali Khan]].

==Sister Cities==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; background:white; width:60%;"
|- style="color:white;"
! ! style="background:#811541; width:10%;"| City
! ! style="background:#811541; width:24%;"| Geographical location
! ! style="background:#811541; width:22%;"| Nation
! ! style="background:#811541; width: 5%;"| Reference
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| '''[[City of Brisbane|Brisbane]]'''
|! ! align=left|[[Queensland]]
|! ! align=left| {{Flag|Australia|size=30px}}
|! !|<ref name="brisbane and ipwich">{{cite web|title=Hyderabad|url=http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/governance-strategy/economic-development/international-relations-program/list-of-sister-cities/Hyderabad/index.htm|publisher=Brisbane City Council|date=2 November 2011|accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref>
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| '''[[City of Ipswich|Ipswich]]'''
|! ! align=left|[[Queensland]]
|! ! align=left| {{Flag|Australia|size=30px}}
|! !|<ref name="brisbane and ipwich"/>
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| '''[[Dubai]]'''
|! ! align=left| [[Dubai]]
|! ! align=left| {{Flag|United Arab Emirates|size=30px}}
|! !|<ref>{{cite web|title=Dubai's sister cities|url=http://www.dubaicityguide.com/site/features/index.asp?id=3149|work=dubaicityguide.com|accessdate=22 August 2011}}</ref>
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| '''[[Miyoshi, Hiroshima|Miyoshi]]'''
|! ! align=left| [[Hiroshima Prefecture|Hiroshima]]
|! ! align=left| {{Flag|Japan|size=30px}}
|! !|<ref>{{cite news|title=GHMC praised for its efforts in keeping the city green|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-10/hyderabad/28289524_1_exchange-programme-banda-karthika-reddy-ghmc|newspaper=The Times of India|date=10 August 2010|accessdate=19 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| '''[[Riverside, California|Riverside]]'''
|! ! align=left| [[California]]
|! ! align=left| {{Flag|United States|size=30px}}
|! !|<ref>{{cite web|title=Riverside's sister cities|url=http://www.riversideca.gov/mayor/international.asp|year=2009|publisher=City of Riverside|accessdate=5 August 2009}}</ref>
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| '''[[Indianapolis]]'''
|! ! align=left| [[Indiana]]
|! ! align=left| {{Flag|United States|size=30px}}
|! !|<ref>{{cite news|title=GHMC inks sister city pact with Indianapolis|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/29/stories/2010042960670500.htm|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 April 2010|accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref>
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| '''[[San Diego]]'''
|! ! align=left| [[California]]
|! ! align=left| {{Flag|United States|size=30px}}
|! !|<ref>{{cite news|title=GHMC sister city pacts a farce!|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/GHMC-sister-city-pacts-a-farce/articleshow/10383733.cms|last= Mahesh|first=Koride|newspaper=The Times of India|date=17 October 2011|accessdate=19 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
|}

==See also==
{{portal|India|Hyderabad}}
* [[List of million-plus cities in India]]
* [[List of people from Hyderabad]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
'''History'''
{{Refbegin|colwidth=50em}}
* {{cite book
| last = Austin
| first = Ian
| year = 1992
| title = City of legends:the story of Hyderabad
| publisher = Penguin Books
| isbn = 0-670-84724-0
 }}
* {{cite book
| last = Law
| first = John
| year = 2011
| title = Modern Hyderabad (Deccan 1914)
| publisher = Newman Press
| isbn = 978-1-4067-3816-2
 }}
* {{cite book
| last = Krishnan
| first = Usha R
| year = 2002
| title = Jewels of the Nizam
| publisher = India Book House
| isbn = 978-81-7508-306-6
 }}
* {{cite book
| last = Khalidi
| first = Omar
| year = 1999
| title = Romance of the Golconda diamonds
| publisher = Mapin Publishing
| isbn = 978-1-890206-10-9
 }}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Scott
| first1 = Allan N.
| last2 = Weld
| first2 = Charles Richard
| year = 1862
| title = Sketches in India: [photographic pictures] taken at Hyderabad and Secunderabad, in the Madras presidency
| publisher = [[The University of Michigan]]
| isbn = 978-1-144-61614-2
 }}
{{Refend}}
'''Administration'''
{{Refbegin|colwidth=50em}}
* {{cite book
|last = Kate
|first= P.V.
|year = 1987
|title = Marathwada Under the Nizams, 1724–1948
|publisher = Mittal Publications
|isbn=81-7099-017-3
 }}
* {{cite book
|last1 = Lynton
|first1 = Harriet Ronken
|last2 = Rajan
|first2 = Mohini
|title= The Days of the beloved
|year=1974
|publisher=University of California Press
|isbn=0-520-02442-7
 }}
* {{cite book
|last = Pernau
|first = Margrit
|title= The passing of patrimonialism: politics and political culture in Hyderabad,(1911–1948)
|year=2000
|publisher=Manohar Publication
|isbn=81-7304-362-0
 }}
* {{cite book
| last = Jayaram
| first = R
| year = 1988
| title = Administrative system under the Nizams
| publisher = Ultra Publications
| isbn = 81-900998-4-1
 }}
{{Refend}}
'''Culture'''
{{Refbegin|colwidth=50em}}
* {{cite book
|last = Leonard
|first = Karen Isaksen
|year=2007
|title= Locating home: India's Hyderabadis abroad
|publisher=Stanford University Press
|isbn=978-0-8047-5442-2
 }}
* {{cite book
|last = Yimene
|first = Ababu Minda
|title= An African Indian community in Hyderabad: Siddi identity, its maintenance and change
|year=2004
|publisher=Cuvillier Verlag
|isbn=3-86537-206-6
 }}
* {{cite journal
|last = Ahmad
|first = Akbar S.
|year=1985
|date=July 1985
|title= Muslim society in South India: the case of Hyderabad
|journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
|publisher=Routledge
|volume=6
|issue=2
|pages=317–331
|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a773167983
|doi=10.1080/13602008508715945
 }}
* {{cite book
|last = Zebrowski
|first = Mark
|year=1983
|title= Deccani painting
|publisher=University of California Press
|isbn=0-85667-153-3
 }}
* {{cite book
|last = Naidu
|first = Ratna
|year= 1990
|title= Old Cities, New Predicament : A Study Of Hyderabad
|publisher= [[SAGE Publications]]
|isbn=81-7036-202-4
 }}
{{Refend}}
'''Architecture'''
{{Refbegin|colwidth=50em}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bilgrami
| first = Syed Ali Asgar
| year = 1927
| title = Landmarks of the Deccan
| publisher = Asian Educational Services
| isbn = 81-206-0543-8
 }}
{{Refend}}
'''Modern Hyderabad'''
{{Refbegin|colwidth=50em}}
* {{cite book
| last = Khalidi
| first = Omar
| year = 1988
| title = Hyderabad after the fall
| publisher = South Asia Books
| isbn = 978-0-930811-02-0
 }}
* {{cite book
| last = Kobayashi-Hillary
| first = Mark
| year = 2005
| title = Outsourcing to India: the offshore advantage
| publisher = Commonwealth Business council
| isbn = 978-3-540-23943-7
 }}
* {{cite book
| last = Juluri
| first = Vamsee
| year = 2003
| title = Becoming a Global Audience (Intersections in Communications and Culture)
| publisher = Peter Lang Publishing
| isbn = 978-0-820455-79-2
 }}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|Hyderabad}}
{{Sister project links|voy=Cmcmahon(WMF)/sandbox|Hyderabad}}

* [http://oar.icrisat.org/866/1/RA_00105.pdf A guide to Hyderabad, India]
* [http://maps.msn.com/%28aipqxxizanljsmv10tei1x55%29/map.aspx?L=WLD&C=17.38636%2c78.48057&A=286.66667&P=|3938|&TI=Hyder%C4%81b%C4%81d%2c+Andhra+Pradesh%2c+IndiaMSN Hyderabad, India Map]
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'''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. <small>and</small> Long.]]{{Coord|17|21|58|N|78|28|34|E|display=inline}}'''
}}
{{State and Union Territory capitals of India}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
{{Andhra Pradesh}}
{{World's most populated urban areas}}
}}
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[[Category:Hyderabad, India| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Hyderabad district, India]]
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[[Category:Populated places established in 1591]]
[[Category:High-technology business districts]]
[[Category:South Central Railway Zone]]
[[Category:Divisions of Indian Railways]]
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[[zh-min-nan:Hyderabad]]

[[af:Hyderabad, Indië]]
[[ar:حيدرآباد الدكن]]
[[bn:হায়দরাবাদ, ভারত]]
[[bg:Хайдарабад]]
[[ca:Hyderabad (Índia)]]
[[cs:Hajdarábád]]
[[cy:Hyderabad]]
[[da:Hyderabad (Indien)]]
[[de:Hyderabad (Indien)]]
[[et:Hyderābād]]
[[el:Χαϊντεραμπάντ]]
[[es:Hyderabad (India)]]
[[eo:Hajderabado]]
[[eu:Haidarabad]]
[[fa:حیدرآباد (هند)]]
[[hif:Hyderabad]]
[[fr:Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)]]
[[gl:Hiderabad]]
[[gu:હૈદરાબાદ]]
[[ko:하이데라바드 (안드라프라데시 주)]]
[[hi:हैदराबाद, भारत]]
[[hr:Hyderabad (Indija)]]
[[bpy:হায়দরাবাদ এম. কর্পোরেশন]]
[[id:Hyderabad]]
[[it:Hyderabad]]
[[he:היידראבאד]]
[[kl:Hyderabad (India)]]
[[kn:ಹೈದರಾಬಾದ್‌, ಆಂಧ್ರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ]]
[[pam:Hyderabad, India]]
[[ka:ჰაიდარაბადი (ინდოეთი)]]
[[kw:Hyderabad (India)]]
[[sw:Hyderabad]]
[[la:Hyderabad]]
[[lv:Haidarābādu]]
[[lt:Haidarabadas (Indija)]]
[[ml:ഹൈദരാബാദ്]]
[[mi:Hyderabad (India)]]
[[mr:हैदराबाद]]
[[ms:Hyderabad, India]]
[[nl:Haiderabad (India)]]
[[ne:हैदराबाद (भारत)]]
[[new:हैदराबाद]]
[[ja:ハイデラバード]]
[[no:Hyderabad]]
[[or:ହାଇଦ୍ରାବାଦ]]
[[pa:ਹੈਦਰਾਬਾਦ, ਭਾਰਤ]]
[[pnb:حیدرآباد, بھارت]]
[[pl:Hajdarabad (Indie)]]
[[pt:Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)]]
[[ro:Hyderabad, India]]
[[ru:Хайдарабад (Индия)]]
[[sa:हैदराबाद् मण्डलम्]]
[[si:හයිද්‍රාබාද්]]
[[simple:Hyderabad, India]]
[[sd:حيدرآباد ھند]]
[[sr:Хајдерабад]]
[[sh:Hajderabad]]
[[fi:Hyderabad (Intia)]]
[[sv:Hyderabad]]
[[tl:Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh]]
[[ta:ஐதராபாத்து (இந்தியா)]]
[[te:హైదరాబాదు]]
[[th:ไฮเดอราบาด (ประเทศอินเดีย)]]
[[tr:Haydarabad, Hindistan]]
[[uk:Хайдерабад (Індія)]]
[[ur:حیدرآباد، دکن]]
[[vi:Hyderabad, Ấn Độ]]
[[vo:Haidarabad]]
[[war:Hyderabad, India]]
[[zh:海得拉巴 (印度)]]