View source for Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka

{{Short description|Japanese rocket suicide-attack aircraft}}
{{About|the Japanese aircraft|other uses|Ōka (disambiguation)}}
{{Italic title|string=Ohka}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = MXY-7 ''Ohka''
| image = Japanese Ohka rocket plane.jpg
| caption = ''Ohka'' Model 11 replica at the [[Yasukuni Shrine]] [[Yūshūkan]] war museum.
| type = [[Kamikaze]] (piloted suicide) [[anti-ship warfare|anti-ship]] aircraft / missile
| national_origin = Japan
| manufacturer = [[Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal]]
| designer = 
| first_flight = 21 March 1944 (unpowered), November 1944 (powered).
| introduction = 1945
| retired = 1945
| status = Retired
| primary_user = [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service]]
| more_users = 
| produced = 1944–1945
| number_built = 852
| unit cost = 
}}
The '''Yokosuka MXY-7 {{nihongo|Ohka|櫻花<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=March 1945 |script-title=ja:內令兵第八號 軍極秘 |url= |location= |publisher= |page=39 |isbn= |quote=試作櫻花ヲ兵器ニ採用シ櫻花（オウクワ）一一型ト呼稱ス 昭和二十年三月十七日 海軍大臣 ("The prototype Ohka is adopted as a weapon and will be called Ohka Type 11. March 17, 1945, Minister of the Navy")}}</ref>|Ōka|extra="[[cherry blossom]]"; {{lang|ja|桜花}} in [[shinjitai|modern orthography]]}}''' is a purpose-built, [[rocket-powered aircraft|rocket-powered]] human-guided ''[[kamikaze]]'' attack-aircraft<ref>[http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/attack/ohka/ "Ohka"] ''aerospaceweb.org.'' Retrieved: 16 October 2010.</ref> deployed by [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] against [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] ships in the [[Pacific Ocean theater of World War II|Pacific Ocean theater]] towards the end of [[World War II]]. Although extremely fast, the ''Ohka'' had a very short range, so it had to be carried into action as a [[parasite aircraft]] by a much larger bomber, which was itself vulnerable to [[Carrier-based aircraft|carrier-borne fighter]]s. In action during the [[Battle of Okinawa]] in 1945, ''Ohkas'' succeeded in sinking or damaging some escort-vessels and transport ships, but never sank any major warships. The Japanese developed improved versions in an attempt to overcome the aircraft's shortcomings, but they came too late for deployment.

Allied personnel referred to the aircraft as "Baka Bombs" ([[Baka (Japanese word)|''baka'']] being a Japanese pejorative term meaning "fool" or "idiot").<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka (Baka Bombs)|url= https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/wwii/wwii-pacific/okinawa/yokosuka-mxy-7-ohka.html|access-date=2021-08-30|website=NHHC|language=en-US}}
</ref>

==Design and development==
The MXY-7 Navy Suicide Attacker ''Ohka'' was a manned [[flying bomb]] that was usually carried underneath a [[Mitsubishi G4M]]2e Model 24J "Betty" [[bomber]] to within range of its target. On release, the pilot would first glide towards the target and when close enough he would fire the ''Ohka''{{'}}s three [[solid-fuel rocket]]s, one at a time or in unison,<ref name="Francillon1979p477">{{Harvnb|Francillon|1979|p=477.}}</ref> and fly the missile towards the ship that he intended to destroy.

The design was conceived by [[Ensign (rank)|Ensign]] Mitsuo Ohta{{Sfn | Aeronautical | 1966 | p =  3}} of the 405th [[Kōkūtai]],<ref name="Francillon1979p476">{{Harvnb|Francillon|1979|p=476.}}</ref> aided by students of the Aeronautical Research Institute at the [[University of Tokyo]]. Ohta submitted his plans to the Yokosuka research facility. While Ohta had started work on the design in 1943 the authorities would not take an interest until the following year.<ref name=IWMvid>{{cite AV media |date=7 June 2023 |title=Why Japan's kamikaze campaign ultimately failed  |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvroLTbhJ50 |access-date=7 June 2023 |time=2:55-3:10 |publisher=Imperial War Museum}}</ref> The [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] decided the idea had merit and Yokosuka [[Military engineer|engineers]] of the [[Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal]] (Dai-Ichi Kaigun Koku Gijitsusho, or in short ''Kugisho''<ref>{{Harvnb|Mikesh|Abe|1990|p=262.}}</ref>) created formal blueprints for what was to be the MXY-7. The only variant which saw service was the Model 11, and it was powered by three Type 4 Mark 1 Model 20 rockets. 155 ''Ohka'' Model 11s were built at Yokosuka, and another 600 were built at the [[Kasumigaura, Ibaraki|Kasumigaura]] Naval Air Arsenal.<ref name="Francillon1979p477"/>

The final approach was difficult for a defender to stop because the aircraft gained high speed ({{convert|650|km/h|abbr=on}} in level flight and {{convert|930|km/h|abbr=on}} or even {{convert|1000|km/h|abbr=on}} in a dive. Later versions were designed to be launched from coastal air bases and caves, and even from [[submarine]]s equipped with [[aircraft catapult]]s, although none were actually used in this way.  The {{sclass|Allen M. Sumner|destroyer}} {{USS|Mannert L. Abele|DD-733|6}} was the first Allied ship to be sunk by ''Ohka'' aircraft, near [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]] on 12 April 1945.<ref>{{Harvnb|Francillon|1971|p=117.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Francillon|1979|p=478.}}</ref> Over the course of the war, ''Ohka''s sank or damaged beyond repair three ships and significantly damaged three more ships, with a total of seven U.S. ships damaged or sunk by ''Ohka''s.

The ''Ohka'' pilots, members of the ''Jinrai Butai'' (Thunder Gods Corps), are honored in Japan at ''Ohka'' Park in Kashima City, the ''Ohka'' Monument in Kanoya City, the Kamakura ''Ohka'' Monument at [[Kenchō-ji]] [[Kamakura|Zen temple in Kamakura]], Kanagawa, and the [[Yasukuni Shrine]] in Tokyo.

[[File:MXY7 Ohka Cherry Blossom Baka Ohka-11.jpg|thumb|US personnel disarming the warhead of an ''Ohka'', [[Yontan Airfield]], Okinawa, April 1945]]
[[File:MXY7 Ohka Cherry Blossom Baka Ohka-3bs.jpg|thumb|Thermojet powered Model 22; note the jet intake on the side just forward of the tail.]]

The only operational ''Ohka'' was the Model 11. Essentially a  {{convert|1200|kg|lb|adj=on}} bomb with wooden wings, powered by three Type 4 Model 1 Mark 20 solid-fuel rocket motors, the Model 11 achieved great speed, but with limited range. This was problematic, as it required the slow, heavily laden mother aircraft to approach within {{convert|37|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}} of the target, making it very vulnerable to defending [[Fighter aircraft|fighter]]s. There was one experimental variant of the Model 11, the Model 21, which had thin steel wings manufactured by [[Nakajima Aircraft Company|Nakajima]]. It had the engine of the Model 11 and the airframe of the Model 22.<ref name="Francillon1979p481">{{Harvnb|Francillon|1979|p=481.}}</ref>

The Ohka K-1 was an unpowered trainer version with water ballast instead of warhead and engines, that was used to provide pilots with handling experience. Unlike the combat aircraft, it was also fitted with flaps and a landing skid. The water ballast was dumped before landing but it remained a challenging aircraft to fly, with a landing speed of {{convert|130|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196246/yokosuka-mxy7-k1-ohka/ |title=Yokosuka MXY7-K1 Ohka |website=National Museum of the US Air Force™ |language=en-US |access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref> Forty-five were built by Dai-Ichi Kaigun Koku Gijitsusho.<ref>{{Harvnb|Francillon|1979|pp=478, 482.}}</ref>

The Model 22 was designed to overcome the short standoff distance problem by using a [[Secondo Campini|Campini]]-type [[motorjet]] engine, the [[Ishikawajima Tsu-11]], giving a level speed of only 276&nbsp;mph at 13,125 feet but extending the range to 81 miles. This engine was successfully tested, and 50 Model 22 ''Ohka''s were built at Yokosuka to accept this engine. The Model 22 was to be launched by the more agile [[Yokosuka P1Y|Yokosuka P1Y3]] ''Ginga'' "Frances" bomber, necessitating a shorter wing span and much smaller {{convert|600|kg|lb|adj=on}} warhead. The first flight of a Model 22 Ohka took place in June 1945; none appear to have been used operationally, and only approximately 20 of the experimental Tsu-11 engines are known to have been produced.{{sfn|Zaloga|2011|p=23}}

The Model 33 was a larger version of the Model 22 powered by an [[Ishikawajima Ne-20]] [[turbojet]] with an {{convert|800|kg|lb|adj=on}} warhead. The mothership was to be the [[Nakajima G8N]] ''Renzan''. The Model 33 was cancelled due to the likelihood that the ''Renzan'' would not be available.<ref>{{Harvnb|Francillon|1979|pp=441, 479.}}</ref>

Other unbuilt planned variants were the Model 43A with [[folding wing]]s, to be launched from submarines, and the Model 43B, a catapult/rocket-assisted version, also with folding wings so that it could be hidden in caves.<ref name= "Francillon1979p481"/> A [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainer]] version was also under development for this version, the two-seat Model 43 K-1 Kai Wakazakura (Young Cherry), fitted with a single rocket motor. In place of the warhead, a second seat was installed for the student pilot. Two of this version were built.<ref>{{Harvnb|Francillon|1979|p=482.}}</ref> Finally, the Model 53 would also use the Ne-20 turbojet, but was to be towed like a glider and released near its target.<ref name="Francillon1979p481"/>

==Operational history==
The Yokosuka MXY-7 ''Ohka'' was used mostly against U.S. ships invading Okinawa, and if launched from its mothership, could be effective because of its high speed in the dive.<ref>Mayo, Wayland. [http://www.b-29s-over-korea.com/Japanese_Kamikaze/Japanese_Kamikaze05.html "Japanese Suicide Weapons: The Kugisho MXY7-K1 Ohka."] ''b-29s-over-korea.com.'' Retrieved: 1 August 2011.</ref> In the first two attempts to transport the ''Ohkas'' to Leyte Gulf using aircraft carriers, the carriers {{ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Shinano||2}} and {{ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Unryu||2}} were sunk by the U.S. submarines {{USS|Archerfish|SS-311|2}} and {{USS|Redfish|SS-395|2}}.{{Sfn | Aeronautical | 1966 | p =  4}}

Attacks intensified in April 1945. On 1 April 1945 six G4Ms attacked the U.S. fleet off Okinawa. At least one made a successful attack; its ''Ohka'' was thought to have hit one of the 406&nbsp;mm (16&nbsp;in) turrets on the battleship {{USS|West Virginia|BB-48|2}}, causing moderate damage. Postwar analysis indicated that no hits were recorded and that a near-miss took place.<ref name="Kightly"/> The transports {{USS|Alpine|APA-92|2}}, {{USS|Achernar|AKA-53|2}}, and {{USS|Tyrrell|AKA-80|2}} were also hit by ''kamikaze'' aircraft, but it is unclear whether any of these were ''Ohkas'' from the other G4Ms. None of the G4Ms returned.

The U.S. military quickly realized the danger and concentrated on extending their "defensive rings" outward to intercept the G4M/''Ohka'' combination aircraft before the suicide mission could be launched.<ref name="Kightly"/> On 12 April 1945 nine G4Ms attacked the U.S. fleet off Okinawa. The destroyer {{ USS|Mannert L. Abele|DD-733|2}} was hit, broke in two, and sank. {{USS|Jeffers|DD-621|2}} destroyed an ''Ohka'' with [[Anti-aircraft|AA]] fire 45&nbsp;m (50&nbsp;yd) from the ship, but the resulting explosion was still powerful enough to cause extensive damage, forcing ''Jeffers'' to withdraw. The destroyer {{USS|Stanly|DD-478|2}} was attacked by two ''Ohka''s. One struck above the waterline just behind the ship's [[bow (ship)|bow]], its charge passing completely through the hull and splashing into the sea, where it detonated underwater, causing little damage to the ship. The other ''Ohka'' narrowly missed (its pilot probably killed by anti-aircraft fire) and crashed into the sea, knocking off the ''Stanly''{{'}}s ensign in the process. One Betty returned. On 14 April 1945 seven G4Ms attacked the U.S. fleet off Okinawa. None returned. None of the ''Ohka''s appeared to have been launched. Two days later, six G4Ms attacked the U.S. fleet off Okinawa. Two returned, but no ''Ohka''s had hit their targets. Later, on 28 April 1945, four G4Ms attacked the U.S. fleet off Okinawa at night. One returned. No hits were recorded.<ref name="Kightly"/>

May 1945 saw another series of attacks. On 4 May 1945 seven G4Ms attacked the U.S. fleet off Okinawa. One ''Ohka'' hit the bridge of a destroyer, {{USS|Shea|DM-30|2}}, causing extensive damage and casualties. {{USS|Gayety|AM-239|2}} was also damaged by an ''Ohka''{{'}}s near miss. One G4M returned. On 11 May 1945 four G4Ms attacked the U.S. fleet off Okinawa. The destroyer {{USS|Hugh W. Hadley|DD-774|2}} was hit and suffered extensive damage and flooding. The vessel was judged beyond repair. On 25 May 1945 11 G4Ms attacked the fleet off Okinawa. Bad weather forced most of the aircraft to turn back, and none of the others hit targets.

On 22 June 1945 six G4Ms attacked the fleet. Two returned, but no hits were recorded. Postwar analysis concluded that the ''Ohka''{{'}}s impact was negligible, since no U.S. Navy capital ships had been hit during the attacks because of the effective defensive tactics that were employed.<ref name="Kightly">Kightly, James. "Yokosuka Ohka Kamikaze Pilot." ''Aeroplane'', Volume 39, No. 7, Issue no. 459, July 2011, pp. 30–31.</ref> In total, of the 300 ''Ohka'' available for the Okinawa campaign, 74 actually undertook operations, of which 56 were either destroyed with their parent aircraft or in making attacks. The Allied nickname for the aircraft was "[[Wiktionary:馬鹿#Japanese|Baka]]", a Japanese word meaning "foolish" or "idiotic".{{sfn|O'Neill|2001|p=135}}

==Variants==
[[File:Kugisho 22.jpg|thumb|Model 43 K-1 Kai rocket assist trainers; note the landing skid.]]

;MXY-7: Rocket powered suicide attacker, unpowered glider prototypes; ten built

;Navy Suicide Attacker ''Ohka'' Model 11: Long designation of the operational attacker

;''Ohka'' Model 11: Suicide attacker powered by 3 × {{convert|2.616|kN|lbf|abbr=on}} [[Navy Type 4 Mark 1 Model 20]] solid-fueled rocket motors, firing for 8–10 seconds; 755 built

;''Ohka'' Model 21: Suicide attacker, fitted with steel-built wings built by [[Nakajima Aircraft Company|Nakajima]]; one built

;''Ohka'' Model 22: Suicide attacker, powered by an [[Ishikawajima Tsu-11]] thermo-jet engine with reduced span wings and {{convert|600|kg|lb|abbr=on}} warhead, to be carried by [[Yokosuka P1Y1 Ginga]]{{Sfn | Aeronautical | 1966 | p =  17}} bombers. 50 built by the {{nihongo|First Naval Air Technical Arsenal|第一海軍航空技術廠|[[Dai-Ichi Kaigun Koku Gijitsusho]]}}
[[File:Kugisho MXY7 Ohka Model 22 Aircraft.jpg|thumb|Kugisho MXY7 Ohka Model 22]]
;''Ohka'' Model 33: Suicide attacker, powered by an [[Ishikawajima Ne-20]] turbojet engine, with an {{convert|800|kg|lb|abbr=on}} warhead, to be carried by the [[Nakajima G8N1 Renzan]] bomber

;''Ohka'' Model 43A ''Ko'': Suicide attacker, powered by a Ne-20 turbojet engine, with folding wings, to be catapult launched from submarines

;''Ohka'' Model 43B ''Otsu'': Suicide attacker similar to the Model 43A for catapult launching from caves

;''Ohka'' Model 53: Suicide attacker for aerotow launch, powered by a Ne-20 turbojet engine

;''Ohka'' K-1: Suicide attack training glider

;''Ohka'' Model 43 K-1 {{nihongo|''Kai Wakazakura''|若桜|extra="Young Cherry"}}: Two-seat suicide attack glider trainer with flaps and retractable skid undercarriage, fitted with a single Type 4 Mark 1 Model 20 rocket motor, for limited powered flight

;"Suzuka-24" (Japanese designation unknown): Alleged interceptor version with warhead replaced by a fuel tank for a [[Ishikawajima Ne-20|Ne-20]] jet engine and two 20&nbsp;mm autocannon (Unknown Ho-5 or Type 99 with 60 / 150 rounds per gun) mounted on top. Supposedly employed at least twice against B-29 formations in April 1945<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sensha-manual.blogspot.com/2017/10/ohka-based-interceptor-fighter.html|title=SENSHA: Ohka-based Interceptor Fighter|first=Eun Ae|last=Sun|date=6 October 2017|website=sensha-manual.blogspot.com}}</ref>

==Surviving aircraft==

[[File:Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka on Air Force Museum New.jpg|thumb|Yokosuka MXY7 ''Ohka'' Model 11, on display at [[Indian Air Force Museum, Palam]], New Delhi, India]]
[[File:Yokosuka MXY7-K1 Ohka Trainer USAF.jpg|thumb|K-1 ''Ohka'' Trainer, [[National Museum of the U.S. Air Force]]]]
[[File:NASM - Yokosuka MXY 7 Ohka - 2.jpg|thumb|[[Motorjet|Thermojet]] powered, Model 22 ''Ohka''. [[National Air and Space Museum]]]]
[[File:Oka rear.jpg|thumb|The rear of ''Ohka'', [[Royal Air Force Museum Cosford]]]]
[[File:Yokosuka Ohka Model 22.svg|thumb|Yokosuka ''Ohka'' Model 22]]

===India===
;On display
* Model 11 on static display at the [[Indian Air Force Museum, Palam|Indian Air Force Museum]] in [[Palam|Palam, New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=AIR FORCE MUSEUM |url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/content/air-force-museum |website=Indian Air Force |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=June 2020}}

===Japan===
;On display
* Model 11 on static display at [[Iruma Air Force Base]] in [[Iruma, Saitama]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suzuki |first1=Toshio |title=Iruma: Japan's hidden aviation museum a hangar for history |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/iruma-japan-s-hidden-aviation-museum-a-hangar-for-history-1.252269 |access-date=14 June 2020 |work=Stars and Stripes |date=11 November 2013}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=June 2020}}
* On static display at the [[Kawaguchiko Motor Museum]] in [[Narusawa, Yamanashi]].

===United Kingdom===
;On display
* Model 11 on static display at the [[Fleet Air Arm Museum]] in [[Yeovilton, Somerset]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka II (BAPC 58) |url=http://www.fleetairarm.com/exhibit/yokosuka-mxy-7-ohka-ii-bapc-58/2-4-16.aspx |website=Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Museum |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref><!-- British Aircraft Preservation Council BAPC.58 -->
* Model 11 on static display at the [[Imperial War Museum]] in [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohka kamikaze aircraft goes on display at IWM London for the first time|url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/file-download/download/public/11628|access-date=1 September 2020|website=Imperial War Museum}}</ref><!-- British Aircraft Preservation Council BAPC.159 -->
* Model 11 on static display at the [[Royal Air Force Museum Cosford]] in [[Cosford, Shropshire]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka |url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/yokosuka-mxy7-ohka |website=Royal Air Force Museum |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Simpson |first1=Andrew |title=INDIVIDUAL HISTORY [8486M] |url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/collections/85-OF-49-Ohka-II-Cosford.pdf |website=Royal Air Force Museum |access-date=14 June 2020 |date=2012}}</ref><!-- British Aircraft Preservation Council BAPC.99 -->
* Model 11 on static display at the [[Science and Industry Museum]] in [[Manchester]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Japanese Piloted Bomb |url=http://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co8418690/japanese-piloted-bomb-aircraft |website=Science Museum Group |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref><!-- British Aircraft Preservation Council BAPC.98 -->

===United States===
;On display
* Model 11 on static display at the [[National Museum of the Marine Corps]] in [[Triangle, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marr |first1=Eric |title=The Ohka "Cherry Blossom" Aircraft |url=http://www.usmcmuseum.com/blog/the-ohka-cherry-blossom-aircraft |website=National Museum of the Marine Corps |access-date=14 June 2020 |date=30 March 2020}}</ref>
* Model 11 on static display at the [[Planes of Fame Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Flying & Static Aircraft |url=http://planesoffame.org/aircraft |website=Planes of Fame Air Museum |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref>
* Model 11 on static display at the [[Yanks Air Museum]] in Chino, California.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka 11 |url=http://yanksair.org/collection/yokosuka-mxy-7-ohka-11 |website=Yanks Air Museum |date=4 February 2017 |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref>
* Model 22 on static display at the [[Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center]] of the [[National Air and Space Museum]] in [[Chantilly, Virginia]], the only surviving Model 22.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kugisho MXY7 Ohka (Cherry Blossom) 22 |url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/kugisho-mxy7-ohka-cherry-blossom-22/nasm_A19480180000 |website=National Air and Space Museum |publisher=Smithsonian |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref>
* Model 43B K-1 Kai Wakazakura on static display at the [[Pima Air & Space Museum]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]]. It is on loan from the [[National Air and Space Museum]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kugisho MXY7 K-2 Ohka (Cherry Blossom) 43B |url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/kugisho-mxy7-k-2-ohka-cherry-blossom-43b/nasm_A19740758000 |website=National Air and Space Museum |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=YOKOSUKA MXY7 OKHA MODEL 43 K-1 KAI |url=http://pimaair.org/museum-aircraft/yokosuka-mxy7-okha-model-43-k-1-kai |website=Pima Air & Space Museum |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unique Two-Seat Yokosuka Ohka On Display at Pima Air & Space Museum |url=http://warbirdsnews.com/aviation-museum-news/unique-two-seat-yokosuka-ohka-on-display-at-pima-air-space-museum.html |website=Warbird Digest |access-date=14 June 2020 |date=1 November 2018}}</ref>
* K-1 on static display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yokosuka MXY7-K1 Ohka |url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196246/yokosuka-mxy7-k1-ohka |website=National Museum of the United States Air Force |access-date=14 June 2020 |date=21 April 2015}}</ref>
* K-1 on static display at the [[National Museum of the U.S. Navy]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/wwii/wwii-pacific/okinawa/yokosuka-mxy-7-ohka.html |website=National Museum of the U.S. Navy |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref>

==Replicas on display==

===Japan===
* Model 11 on static display at the [[Yūshūkan]] of the [[Yasukuni Shrine]] in [[Tokyo]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yushukan |url=http://www.yasukuni.or.jp/assets/pdf/english/yusyukan/yushukan_pamphlet_en.pdf |website=Yasukuni Jinja |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylan |first1=Justin |title=MXY7 Model 11 Ohka (Replica) |url=http://pacificwrecks.com/aircraft/ohka/yasukuni.html |website=Pacific Wrecks |access-date=14 June 2020 |date=29 June 2019}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=May 2024}}
* Model 11 on static display at Usashi Heiwa Museum in Usa, [[Ōita Prefecture|Oita]].<ref>{{cite web |title=宇佐市平和資料館のご案内 |trans-title=Information About the Usa City Peace Museum |url=http://www.city.usa.oita.jp/sougo/soshiki/18/shakaikyoiku/3/2/2155.html |website=Usa City |access-date=8 May 2024 |language=Japanese |date=25 August 2021}}</ref>

===United States===
* Model 11 on static display at the [[National Warplane Museum]] in [[Geneseo, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka |url=http://www.nationalwarplane.org/Aircraft/YokosukaMXY-7Ohka.aspx |website=National Warplane Museum |access-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220142056/http://www.nationalwarplane.org/Aircraft/YokosukaMXY-7Ohka.aspx |archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=June 2020}}

==Specifications (Ohka 11)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=''Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War''<ref>{{harvnb|Francillon|1979|pp=481–482.}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|length m=6.066
|length note=
|span m=5.12
|span note=
|height m=1.16
|height note=
|wing area sqm=6
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=440
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=2140
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=3
|eng1 name=Type 4 Mark 1 Model 20 
|eng1 type=[[solid-propellant rocket]] motors
|eng1 kn=
|eng1 lbf=588
|eng1 note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=648
|max speed note=at {{cvt|3500|m}}
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=926
|never exceed speed note=terminal dive velocity
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=37
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=356.7
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=0.38

|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
|armament= {{convert|1,200|kg|lb|abbr=on}} [[Ammonal]] warhead

}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|see also=
* [[Japanese Special Attack Units]]
* [[Flying bomb]]
* [[Fritz X]]
* ''[[The Cockpit (OVA)|The Cockpit]]'', an anthology of short films containing one about an ''Ohka'' pilot
|related=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Bachem Ba 349]] ''Natter''
* [[Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg]] (piloted V-1 flying bomb)
* [[Messerschmitt Me 328]]
|lists=
*[[List of military aircraft of Japan]]
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last = Aeronautical Staff of Aero Publishers in cooperation with Edward T Maloney |title = Kamikaze |location = Fallbrook, California, USA |publisher = Aero Publishers |year = 1966 }}
* Ellis, Ken. ''Wreck & Relics, 23rd Edition'' Manchester: Crecy Publishing Ltd, 2012. {{ISBN|978-08597-91724}}
* {{cite book |last=Francillon |first= René J. |title=Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War |location= London |publisher= Putnam & Company |year= 1979 |edition=2nd |isbn=0-370-30251-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Francillon |first= René J. |title=Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" and Ohka Bomb |series=Aircraft in Profile, Vol. 9 |location= Windsor, Berkshire, UK |publisher= Profile Publications Ltd. |year= 1971 |isbn=0-85383-018-5}}
* Maloney, Edward T. and the Aeronautical Staff of Aero Publishers, Inc. ''Kamikaze (Aero Series 7)''. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1966.
* {{cite book |last1=Mikesh |first1= Robert C. |first2=Shorzoe |last2=Abe |title=Japanese Aircraft, 1910–1941 |location= London |publisher= Putnam Aeronautical Books |year= 1990 |isbn=0-85177-840-2}}.
* {{cite book |last=O'Neill |first=Richard |date=2001 |title=Suicide Squads: The Men and Machines of World War II Special Operations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYEBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT135 |location=Washington DC |publisher=The Lyons Press |isbn=978-1585744329 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Sheftall, M.G. ''Blossoms in the Wind: Human Legacies of the Kamikaze''. New York: New American Library, 2005. {{ISBN|0-451-21487-0}}.
* Stafford, Edward P. ''Little Ship, Big War: The Saga of DE343.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1-55750-890-9}}.
* {{cite book |last=Zaloga |first= Steven J. |title=Kamikaze: Japanese Special Attack Weapons 1944–45 |series= New Vanguard #180 |location= Botley, Oxfordshire |publisher= Osprey Publishing |year= 2011 |isbn=978-1-84908-353-9}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary | baka bomb}}
{{Commons category|Yokosuka MXY 7 Ohka}}
* "[http://www.lonesentry.com/blog/baka-flying-warhead.html Baka... Flying Warhead]", ''C.I.C. (Combat Information Center)'', U.S. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, June 1945.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064448/http://www.skfn.net/rss/t174534.html USS LSM(R)-193]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=GSEDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+August+1945&pg=PA113 ''Popular Science'',August 1945, ''Japanese Gamble On Human Bombs'']
* [http://www.geocities.jp/torikai007/1945/ohka.html  The History of Kamikaze ''Ohka'' 桜花] {{in lang|ja}}
* [http://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/in-the-museum-the-mysterious-second-seat-2066288 The Mysterious Second Seat – Air & Space Magazine]

{{Yokosuka aircraft}}
{{Japanese Navy short aircraft designations}}
{{Imperial Japanese Navy official aircraft names}}
{{Allied reporting names}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yokosuka Mxy7 Ohka}}
[[Category:1940s Japanese attack aircraft]]
[[Category:Kamikaze]]
[[Category:Parasite aircraft]]
[[Category:World War II suicide weapons of Japan]]
[[Category:Yokosuka aircraft|MXY7]]
[[Category:Rocket-powered aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1944]]