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[[File:University of Chichester.jpg|thumb|right|University House, Bishop Otter College (now part of the University of Chichester)]]
[[File:University of Chichester.jpg|thumb|right|University House, Bishop Otter College (now part of the University of Chichester)]]
'''Joseph Butler''' (1804–84), born in [[Parndon]], [[Essex]], was an architect, surveyor and builder. His specialist area was that of church buildings. He worked widely in [[Sussex]], [[England]].<ref name=ssxparishes>{{Cite web|url=http://sussexparishchurches.org|title=Sussex Parishes|last=Allen|first=John|date=2016|accessdate=25 July 2016}}</ref>
'''Joseph Butler''' (1804–84), born in [[Parndon]], [[Essex]], was an architect, surveyor and builder. His specialist area was that of church buildings. He worked widely in [[Sussex]], [[England]].<ref name=ssxparishes>{{Cite web|url=http://sussexparishchurches.org|title=Sussex Parishes|last=Allen|first=John|date=2016|accessdate=25 July 2016}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
Joseph Butler worked as surveyor in [[Chichester cathedral]], where he supervised [[Richard Cromwell Carpenter|R C Carpenter’s]] restoration from 1846.<ref name=ssxparishes /> Butler was responsible for the opening up of the sub-deanery in the cathedral and for its eventual removal to a new church Saint Peter the Great, [[Chichester]].<ref name=hobbs148>{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Hobbs|editor-first=Mary|title=Chichester Cathedral an Historical Survey|year=1994|publisher=Phillimore|location=Chichester|isbn=0-85033-924-3|pages=148–153}} </ref><ref name=pevsner171>{{Citation |last2=Pevsner|first2= Nikolaus|last1=Nairn|first1=Ian|title=Sussex|series=The Buildings of England|year=1965|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books|page=171}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE |num= 1026613|desc= Church of St Peter the Great, Chichester|accessdate= 27 July 2016|mode=cs2|ps=none|fewer-links=x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Database of Manuscripts and Archives: St Peter the Great|publisher=CofE|accessdate=27 July 2016|url=http://archives.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=ICBS%2fFILE%2f01783}}</ref>
Joseph Butler worked as surveyor in [[Chichester cathedral]], where he supervised [[Richard Cromwell Carpenter|R C Carpenter's]] restoration from 1846.<ref name=ssxparishes /> Butler was responsible for the opening up of the sub-deanery in the cathedral and for its eventual removal to a new church Saint Peter the Great, [[Chichester]].<ref name=hobbs148>{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Hobbs|editor-first=Mary|title=Chichester Cathedral an Historical Survey|year=1994|publisher=Phillimore|location=Chichester|isbn=0-85033-924-3|pages=148–153}}</ref><ref name=pevsner171>{{Cite book |last2=Pevsner|first2= Nikolaus|last1=Nairn|first1=Ian|title=Sussex|series=The Buildings of England|year=1965|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books|page=171|isbn=0-300-09677-1}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE |num= 1026613|desc= Church of St Peter the Great, Chichester|accessdate= 27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Database of Manuscripts and Archives: St Peter the Great|publisher=CofE|accessdate=27 July 2016|url=http://archives.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=ICBS%2fFILE%2f01783}}</ref>


In 1849 Butler designed the [[Bishop Otter College|Bishop Otter Memorial College]], a college to train school teachers, [[Ian Nairn|Nairn]] and [[Nikolaus Pevsner|Pevesner]] described the [original] buildings as being of a 'sober [[Tudor Revival architecture|neo-Tudor style]]' and were 'typically honest and unselfconscious'.<ref name=ssxparishes /><ref name=green>{{Cite book|last=Green|first=Ken|title=Chichester an Illustrated History|pages=103–105|publisher=Breedon Books Publishing|year=2002|isbn=1-85983-336-5}}</ref><ref name=pevsner173>{{Citation |last2=Pevsner|first2= Nikolaus|last1=Nairn|first1=Ian|title=Sussex|series=The Buildings of England|year=1965|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books|page=173}}</ref>
In 1849 Butler designed the [[Bishop Otter College|Bishop Otter Memorial College]], a college to train school teachers, [[Ian Nairn|Nairn]] and [[Nikolaus Pevsner|Pevesner]] described the [original] buildings as being of a 'sober [[Tudor Revival architecture|neo-Tudor style]]' and were 'typically honest and unselfconscious'.<ref name=ssxparishes /><ref name=green>{{Cite book|last=Green|first=Ken|title=Chichester an Illustrated History|pages=103–105|publisher=Breedon Books Publishing|year=2002|isbn=1-85983-336-5}}</ref><ref name=pevsner173>{{Cite book|last2=Pevsner|first2= Nikolaus|last1=Nairn|first1=Ian|title=Sussex|series=The Buildings of England|year=1965|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books|page=173|isbn=0-300-09677-1}}</ref>


When Chichester Cathedral Spire fell down after a storm in 1861, it was rebuilt by [[Sir Gilbert Scott]]. Before the disaster, Joseph Butler had carried out a survey of the cathedral. It was with the aid of his detailed drawings that a replica of the original spire was constructed.<ref name=hobbs148 /><ref name=bho1>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Chichester cathedral: Historical survey,|series=A History of the County of Sussex|volume= 3|editor-first= L F|editor-last= Salzman|publisher= Victoria County History|year= 1935|pages=105–113|accessdate=13 July 2016|url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol3/pp105-113}}</ref>
When Chichester Cathedral Spire fell down after a storm in 1861, it was rebuilt by [[Sir Gilbert Scott]]. Before the disaster, Joseph Butler had carried out a survey of the cathedral. It was with the aid of his detailed drawings that a replica of the original spire was constructed.<ref name=hobbs148 /><ref name=bho1>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Chichester cathedral: Historical survey|series=A History of the County of Sussex|volume= 3|editor-first= L F|editor-last= Salzman|publisher= Victoria County History|year= 1935|pages=105–113|accessdate=13 July 2016|url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol3/pp105-113}}</ref>


During the [[Victorian era]] there was a [[Gothic revival]] in the design and restoration of churches. Nairn and Pevesner were scathing in their criticism of many church architects of that era describing them as 'meddlers', however they credit Butler, who built in the Gothic style, as saving many dozens of village churches.<ref name=pevsner39>{{Citation |last2=Pevsner|first2= Nikolaus|last1=Nairn|first1=Ian|title=Sussex|series=The Buildings of England|year=1965|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books|page=39}}</ref>
During the [[Victorian era]] there was a [[Gothic revival]] in the design and restoration of churches. Nairn and Pevesner were scathing in their criticism of many church architects of that era describing them as 'meddlers', however they credit Butler, who built in the Gothic style, as saving many dozens of village churches.<ref name=pevsner39>{{Cite book|last2=Pevsner|first2= Nikolaus|last1=Nairn|first1=Ian|title=Sussex|series=The Buildings of England|year=1965|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books|page=39|isbn=0-300-09677-1}}</ref>


==Selection of work==
==Selection of work==
''Source: Sussex Parishes.<ref name=ssxparishes /> Lambeth Palace Library.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Database of Manuscripts and Archives: Joseph Butler|publisher=C of E|accessdate=27 July 2016|url=http://archives.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=GB%2f109%2fICBS%2f6606&pos=2}}</ref>''
''Source: Sussex Parishes.<ref name=ssxparishes /> Lambeth Palace Library.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Database of Manuscripts and Archives: Joseph Butler|publisher=C of E|accessdate=27 July 2016|url=http://archives.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=GB%2f109%2fICBS%2f6606&pos=2}}</ref>''


===Churces designed===
===Churches designed===
[[File:St Paul's Church, Churchside, Chichester (NHLE Code 1354348).JPG|thumb|right| 200px|St Paul's Church, Chichester. Built by Butler in 1836.]]
[[File:St Paul's Church, Churchside, Chichester (NHLE Code 1354348).JPG|thumb|right|St Paul's Church, Chichester. Built by Butler in 1836.]]
[[File:Former church of St. Peter the Great, West Street - geograph.org.uk - 1729731.jpg||thumb|right| 200px|The former church of St Peter the Great.]]
[[File:Former church of St. Peter the Great, West Street - geograph.org.uk - 1729731.jpg|thumb|right|The former church of St Peter the Great.]]


*Chichester, - St. Paul (1836);
*Chichester, - St. Paul (1836);
*St Peter the Great (1848-52 - worked as surveyor for R C Carpenter);
*Chichester, - St Peter the Great (1848-52 - worked as surveyor for R C Carpenter);
*Plaistow (1853–54);
*Plaistow (1853–54);
*[[Stanmer Church|Stanmer]] (1838&nbsp;– attributed{{efn|The architect was either Butler or a Ralph Joanes. A plan of the church and of the graveyard still survives and is signed by Butler. Joanes was clerk of works for the site, and when he signed the account off he described himself as an architect.<ref name=sac210>{{Cite journal|editor-last=Barber|editor-first=Luke|series=Sussex Archaelogical Collections|volume=149|title=The impact of the Georgians, Victorians and Edwardians on early parish churches. CITY OF BRIGHTON AND HOVE c. 1680–1914|last=Berry|first=Sue|year=2011|publisher=Sussex Archaelogical Society|location=Lewes|issn=0143-8204|page=210}}</ref>}})
*[[Stanmer Church|Stanmer]] (1838&nbsp;– attributed{{efn|The architect was either Butler or a Ralph Joanes. A plan of the church and of the graveyard still survives and is signed by Butler. Joanes was clerk of works for the site, and when he signed the account off he described himself as an architect.<ref name=sac210>{{Cite journal |editor-last=Barber |editor-first=Luke |journal=Sussex Archaeological Collections |volume=149|title=The impact of the Georgians, Victorians and Edwardians on early parish churches: City of Brighton and Hove c. 1680-1914) |last=Berry |first=Sue |year=2011 |pages=199–220 |publisher=Sussex Archaeological Society |location=Lewes |issn=0143-8204|doi=10.5284/1086632 |doi-access=free}}</ref>}})
*Stedham (1850)
*Stedham (1850)


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Butler, Joseph}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Butler, Joseph}}
[[Category:Sussex]]
[[Category:Architects from Essex]]
[[Category:1884 deaths]]
[[Category:1884 deaths]]
[[Category:1804 births]]
[[Category:1804 births]]

Latest revision as of 09:41, 24 April 2022

University House, Bishop Otter College (now part of the University of Chichester)

Joseph Butler (1804–84), born in Parndon, Essex, was an architect, surveyor and builder. His specialist area was that of church buildings. He worked widely in Sussex, England.[1]

Career

[edit]

Joseph Butler worked as surveyor in Chichester cathedral, where he supervised R C Carpenter's restoration from 1846.[1] Butler was responsible for the opening up of the sub-deanery in the cathedral and for its eventual removal to a new church Saint Peter the Great, Chichester.[2][3][4][5]

In 1849 Butler designed the Bishop Otter Memorial College, a college to train school teachers, Nairn and Pevesner described the [original] buildings as being of a 'sober neo-Tudor style' and were 'typically honest and unselfconscious'.[1][6][7]

When Chichester Cathedral Spire fell down after a storm in 1861, it was rebuilt by Sir Gilbert Scott. Before the disaster, Joseph Butler had carried out a survey of the cathedral. It was with the aid of his detailed drawings that a replica of the original spire was constructed.[2][8]

During the Victorian era there was a Gothic revival in the design and restoration of churches. Nairn and Pevesner were scathing in their criticism of many church architects of that era describing them as 'meddlers', however they credit Butler, who built in the Gothic style, as saving many dozens of village churches.[9]

Selection of work

[edit]

Source: Sussex Parishes.[1] Lambeth Palace Library.[10]

Churches designed

[edit]
St Paul's Church, Chichester. Built by Butler in 1836.
The former church of St Peter the Great.
  • Chichester, - St. Paul (1836);
  • Chichester, - St Peter the Great (1848-52 - worked as surveyor for R C Carpenter);
  • Plaistow (1853–54);
  • Stanmer (1838 – attributed[a])
  • Stedham (1850)

Churches restored or extended

[edit]
  • Appledram (1845);
  • Bosham (1845);
  • Brighton and Hove, - St Andrew's Church, Church Road, Hove (1833-35 - contractor[11])
  • Compton (1849–51);
  • Fishbourne (1847);
  • Forest Row (1850);
  • Lower Beeding (1852 – unexecuted);
  • Mid Lavant (1844);
  • Pagham (1838);
  • Pyecombe (1842 – examined);
  • Sidlesham (1840 – unexecuted);
  • Southwick (1835 – extent of involvement uncertain);
  • Stoughton (1844);
  • Upper Beeding (1852)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The architect was either Butler or a Ralph Joanes. A plan of the church and of the graveyard still survives and is signed by Butler. Joanes was clerk of works for the site, and when he signed the account off he described himself as an architect.[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Allen, John (2016). "Sussex Parishes". Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  2. ^ a b Hobbs, Mary, ed. (1994). Chichester Cathedral an Historical Survey. Chichester: Phillimore. pp. 148–153. ISBN 0-85033-924-3.
  3. ^ Nairn, Ian; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1965). Sussex. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 171. ISBN 0-300-09677-1.
  4. ^ Historic England. "Church of St Peter the Great, Chichester (1026613)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  5. ^ "Database of Manuscripts and Archives: St Peter the Great". CofE. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  6. ^ Green, Ken (2002). Chichester an Illustrated History. Breedon Books Publishing. pp. 103–105. ISBN 1-85983-336-5.
  7. ^ Nairn, Ian; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1965). Sussex. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 173. ISBN 0-300-09677-1.
  8. ^ Salzman, L F, ed. (1935). Chichester cathedral: Historical survey. A History of the County of Sussex. Vol. 3. Victoria County History. pp. 105–113. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  9. ^ Nairn, Ian; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1965). Sussex. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 39. ISBN 0-300-09677-1.
  10. ^ "Database of Manuscripts and Archives: Joseph Butler". C of E. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  11. ^ a b Berry, Sue (2011). Barber, Luke (ed.). "The impact of the Georgians, Victorians and Edwardians on early parish churches: City of Brighton and Hove c. 1680-1914)". Sussex Archaeological Collections. 149. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society: 199–220. doi:10.5284/1086632. ISSN 0143-8204.
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