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On October 12, [[Reuters]] journalist [[Issam Abdallah]] was killed and six others were wounded by IDF artillery in southern Lebanon.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Darcy |first1=Oliver |title=Reuters journalist Issam Abdallah killed in southern Lebanon, 6 others wounded |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/13/business/reuters-journalist-killed-lebanon/index.html |website=CNN |date=13 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>
On October 12, [[Reuters]] journalist [[Issam Abdallah]] was killed and six others were wounded by IDF artillery in southern Lebanon.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Darcy |first1=Oliver |title=Reuters journalist Issam Abdallah killed in southern Lebanon, 6 others wounded |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/13/business/reuters-journalist-killed-lebanon/index.html |website=CNN |date=13 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>


Several members of the family of Al Jazeera Arabic's Gaza bureau chief [[Wael Dahdouh]] were killed in an Israeli airstrike on 25 October in the [[Nuseirat refugee camp]], south of Wadi Gaza, where they had been sheltering after following the Israeli order for Palestinian civilians to move south from northern Gaza.<ref>{{cite news |title=Family of Al Jazeera Gaza bureau chief killed in Israeli air raid |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=25 October 2023 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/25/family-of-al-jazeera-gaza-bureau-head-killed-in-israeli-air-raid |ref={{sfnref|Al Jazeera|2023}} |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025235508/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/25/family-of-al-jazeera-gaza-bureau-head-killed-in-israeli-air-raid |url-status=live }}</ref> Al Jazeera condemned the killings, calling it an "indiscriminate attack".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Patil |first1=Anushka |last2=Gupta |first2=Gaya |title=Several Family Members of Al Jazeera's Gaza Bureau Chief Are Killed |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=26 October 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/25/world/middleeast/al-jazeera-journalist-gaza-family-killed.html |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026012805/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/25/world/middleeast/al-jazeera-journalist-gaza-family-killed.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Dahdouh, speaking to Al Jazeera, said "There is no safe place in Gaza at all".<ref>{{cite news |last=Armstrong |first=Kathryn |title=Wael Al-Dahdouh: Al Jazeera reporter's family killed in Gaza strike |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=26 October 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67225204 |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026110924/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67225204 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Israeli army confirmed it had conducted an airstrike in the area near where Dahdouh's family had been sheltering, saying they were targeting "Hamas terrorist infrastructure".<ref>{{cite news |last=Thompson |first=Nick |title=Al Jazeera journalist's family killed in Gaza strike, says Al Jazeera |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=25 October 2023 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/25/middleeast/al-jazeera-journalists-family-killed-in-gaza-strike-says-al-jazeera/index.html |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026063750/https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/25/middleeast/al-jazeera-journalists-family-killed-in-gaza-strike-says-al-jazeera/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 25 October, the wife, son and daughter of [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] journalist [[Wael Al-Dahdouh]] were killed by an Israeli airstrike of the house where they were residing in the Nuseirat camp in the middle of the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/45750/2023-10-25 |title=Al Jazeera's reporter loses family members in 'Israeli shelling' |publisher=Roya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://aje.io/4hsru5?update=2437168 |title=Dahdouh's son, a high school senior, and daughter, 7, among killed |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref>


===Claims of IDF targeting of journalists===
===Claims of IDF targeting of journalists===

Revision as of 21:17, 17 November 2023

During the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, at least 42 journalists have been killed, alongside other violence against journalists, making it the deadliest period for journalists in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict since 1992 and the deadliest start of a war in the 21st century for journalists.

An estimated 48 media facilities in Gaza have been damaged or destroyed by Israeli airstrikes.[citation needed]

Casualties

See also: List of journalists killed in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

As of 22 October 2024, over 44,000 people (42,718 Palestinian[1] and 1,706 Israeli)[19] have been reported as killed in the Israel–Hamas war, including 131-143 journalists and media workers (123-130 Palestinian, 2-4 Israeli, 6-8 Lebanese and 1 Syrian) according to Committee to Protect Journalists and International Federation of Journalists.[20][21], 120 academics[22] and over 224 humanitarian aid workers, including 179 employees of UNRWA.[23]

The vast majority of casualties have been in the Gaza Strip. The Gaza Health Ministry (GHM) total casualty count is the number of deaths directly caused by the war, while the demographic breakdown is a subset of those individually identified.[24][25] On 17 September 2024, the GHM published the names, gender and birth date of 34,344 individual Palestinians whose identities were confirmed. This reflects more than 80% of the casualties reported so far; of these, 60% were not men of fighting age.[24] The GHM count does not include those who have died from "preventable disease, malnutrition and other consequences of the war".[26] An analysis by the Gaza Health Projections Working Group predicted thousands of excess deaths from disease and birth complications.[27] According to a PCPSR report, over 60% of Gazans have lost family members since 7 October 2023.[28][29]

The 7 October attacks on Israel killed 1,195 people, including 815 civilians.[2] A further 251 persons were taken hostage during the initial attack on Israel to the Gaza Strip.[30][31][32] A further 479 Palestinians, including 116 children, and 9 Israelis have been killed in the occupied West Bank (including East Jerusalem).[1] Casualties have also occurred in other parts of Israel, as well as in southern Lebanon,[33] Syria,[34] Yemen,[35] and Iran.[36]

According to a letter sent to President Joseph R. Biden, Vice President Kamala D. Harris, and others on October 2, 2024 by 99 American healthcare workers who have served in the Gaza Strip since October 7, 2023, and cited in a study from the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University, based on starvation standards by the United States-funded Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, according to the most conservative estimate that they could calculate based on the available data, at least 62,413 people in Gaza have thus far died from starvation, most of them young children, as well as at least 5,000 estimated deaths from lack of access to care for chronic diseases.[37][38][39]

The Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association has condemned the spate of deaths and restated that: "Targeting journalists is a stark violation of press freedom and international human rights law".[40]

Violence against journalists by Israeli forces

On 7 October, Israeli police damaged equipment of a television crew reporting in Ashkelon.[41] On the same day, a journalist named Omar Abu Shawish was killed in Gaza.[42]

Journalists Mohammed El Salhi, Ibrahim Mohamed Lafi, Mohamed Jarghoun, Ibrahim Qanan, Nidal Al Wahidi, and Haitham Abdelwahid also faced various forms of violence or went missing.[43][44][45]

On 10 October 2023, the Hajji Tower airstrike destroyed an apartement block housing journalists' offices, killing at least three journalists along with civilians.[46][47][48][49] Salam Khalil, the head of the Gaza Journalists Syndicate's Committee of Women Journalists, was also killed in an Israeli strike on the same day.[50]

On October 12, Reuters journalist Issam Abdallah was killed and six others were wounded by IDF artillery in southern Lebanon.[51]

Several members of the family of Al Jazeera Arabic's Gaza bureau chief Wael Dahdouh were killed in an Israeli airstrike on 25 October in the Nuseirat refugee camp, south of Wadi Gaza, where they had been sheltering after following the Israeli order for Palestinian civilians to move south from northern Gaza.[52] Al Jazeera condemned the killings, calling it an "indiscriminate attack".[53] Dahdouh, speaking to Al Jazeera, said "There is no safe place in Gaza at all".[54] The Israeli army confirmed it had conducted an airstrike in the area near where Dahdouh's family had been sheltering, saying they were targeting "Hamas terrorist infrastructure".[55]

Claims of IDF targeting of journalists

See also: Israeli war crimes

During the conflict, reports emerged that the IDF were deliberately targeting journalists.[56][57] A Reporters Without Borders (RSF) investigation said that Israel had targeted journalists in missile strikes on 13 October that killed Reuters reporter Issam Abdallah and injured four others. These two Israeli missile strikes, 30 seconds apart, hit a group of seven journalists in southern Lebanon who were reporting on the fighting between Israel and Hezbollah. In a video, the journalists are seen wearing vests and helmets identifying them as "PRESS". The marking was also present on the roof of their car, which exploded after being hit by the second missile.[58]

According to the Council of Europe, the intentional targeting of journalists constitutes a war crime.[59] The killing of journalists by Israeli forces in Gaza had been a recurring issue, with previous incidents in 2018 and 2021.[60][61] Earlier in 2023, the CPJ released a report stating that 20 journalists had been killed by Israeli military fire since 2001, for which "to date, no one has been held accountable".[40]

Violence against journalists by Palestinian militants

Four Israeli journalists and photographers were killed on the 7 October amid the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel, including Yaniv Zohar, a photographer for Israel Hayom, who was killed along with his wife and two daughters in Nahal Oz massacre;[62] Roy Edan, a photographer for Ynet, who was killed in the Kfar Aza massacre;[63] and two editors who were killed in the Re'im music festival massacre: Shai Regev, an entertainment news editor for Ma'ariv,[64] and Ayelet Arnin, an editor for KAN.[65]

Israeli photojournalists driving in a convoy towards Re'im were attacked by Hamas militants, as they were documenting the scene of one of the massacres.[66] The journalists were rescued by IDF reservists after a firefight that lasted roughly half an hour.[66]

Other violence

Alongside those killed, missing or detained, the CPJ has received numerous reports of damage done to journalists' offices and homes, and estimates that "48 media facilities in Gaza have been hit or destroyed".[40]

In Israel, the Israeli journalist Israel Frey was also forced into hiding after he dedicated a prayer to the victims of the war in Gaza and a right-wing mob stormed his home, threatening his family.[40][67]

International response and investigation

Lebanon

Lebanon denounced the killing of Reuters journalist Issam Abdallah, who was killed during an Israeli artillery strike aimed at a group of reporters. Following Abdallah's death, the Lebanese army conducted an on-site assessment, affirming that Israel had launched the missile that killed him.[68][69] Lebanon's Foreign Ministry has instructed its mission to the UN in Beirut to express deep concerns regarding what they perceive as a clear infringement on freedom of opinion and press. Additionally, Lebanon is preparing to file a formal complaint with the UN Security Council, accusing Israel of intentionally causing Abdallah's death.[70][71]

Israel

The Israeli military said it using tank and artillery fire in the vicinity to deter a potential infiltration from Lebanon at the time Issam Abdallah was killed. They stated that their actions were in response to Hezbollah fire along the Israel-Lebanon border, and the incident is currently being reviewed.[68] The Israeli army also initiated an investigation into the circumstances circumstances surrounding Abdallah's death.[71]

On 9 November, following an article published by HonestReporting, Israeli officials suggested that several freelance Palestinian photographers who had documented the 7 October attack in real time must have known of it in advance.[72][73] Outlets that obtained the photos, including AP, Reuters, CNN and the New York Times, denied embedding their reporters with the attackers or having any prior knowledge of the attack.[73][72][74] One of the freelance photographers, who had previously published a photo of himself being kissed on the cheek by Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar, was subsequently dismissed by CNN and AP.[73] Nevertheless, MK Danny Danon suggested that journalists who "took part in recording the assault" would be "eliminated."[75] Gil Hoffman, executive director of HonestReporting, admitted the group had no evidence to back up its claims, and that they were satisfied with journalists' explanations that they did not know about the attacks beforehand.[76]

International press bodies

The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is actively looking into all cases of journalists affected—whether killed, injured, detained, or missing—due to the conflict.[77] They have urged Israel to conduct a thorough investigation into the death of Palestinian journalist Mohammad El-Salhi, make the results of the investigation public, and promptly take measures to guarantee the safety of media personnel covering the conflict.[78] Reuters has called on Israel to conduct a comprehensive and transparent investigation into the circumstances surrounding Abdallah's death.[68]

On 1 November, Reporters Without Borders asked the International Criminal Court to begin a priority war crimes investigation into the killing of nine journalists.[79] RSF noted 41 journalists had been killed during the first month of the conflict, stating multiple journalists had been killed by Israel in their homes.[80] Israel maintains records of the place and residence of every person in Gaza.[81] RSF stated Israel had used targeted strikes to kill journalists in Gaza.[82]

Protests and rallies

Numerous Pakistani journalists gathered for a rally in Karachi to condemn what they viewed as intentional attacks on the media in Gaza. They called upon the United Nations to take action to halt Israeli aggression against media outlets. During the rally, they prominently displayed banners and placards featuring images of journalists who had been killed in Israeli airstrikes.[83]

Funerals

Funerals for the journalists who had been killed have taken place in their respective countries. In Lebanon, a large gathering attended Issam Abdallah's funeral in his hometown. His body was adorned with a Lebanese flag and was transported from his family residence to the nearby cemetery in the southern town of Khiam.[70][71][84]

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  82. ^ "Israel suffocating journalism in Gaza". Reporters Without Borders. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023. In a statement to the United Nations, Tania Hary, the executive director of the Israeli non-profit Gisha, noted that Israel maintains Gaza's population registry, which documents and determines where people live.
  83. ^ "Journalists in Pakistan rally to denounce killing of Palestinian media men - Timeturk Haber". www.timeturk.com. Archived from the original on 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  84. ^ "Funeral held for Reuters journalist killed in Lebanon - 2023-10-14 | MarketScreener". www.marketscreener.com. October 14, 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
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