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{{Short description|Scottish researcher in aerospace physiology}}
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[[Air Vice-Marshal]] '''William Kilpatrick Stewart''' [[CB]] [[CBE]] [[Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|AFC]] (1914 – 1967) was a Scottish researcher in [[Aerospace physiology|aerospace physiology]]; senior consultant in physiology to the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]], and Commanding Officer, [[RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine]].
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= William Kilpatrick Stewart
|image=
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption=
|nickname=
|birth_date= {{birth date|1913|06|28|df=yes}}
|birth_place= [[Hamilton, Lanarkshire]], Scotland
|death_date= {{death date and age|1967|05|02|1913|06|28|df=yes}}
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|death_place= [[RAF Hospital Uxbridge]], England
|placeofburial=
|allegiance= United Kingdom
|branch= [[Royal Air Force]]
|serviceyears= 1939–1967
|rank= [[Air vice-marshal]]
|unit=
|commands= [[RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine]]
|battles= [[Second World War]]
|awards= [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]]<br/>[[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br/>[[Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|Air Force Cross]]
|relations=
|laterwork=
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}}
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[[Air Vice Marshal]] '''William Kilpatrick Stewart''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|sep=,|CB|CBE|AFC|QHP}} (28 June 1913 – 2 May 1967) was a Scottish researcher in [[aerospace physiology]], senior consultant in physiology to the [[Royal Air Force]], and commanding officer of the [[RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine]].


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
William Kilpatrick Stewart was born the son of Dr. John Stewart at [[Hamilton, Lanarkshire]]. He attended the [[Hamilton Academy]] school, described by the [[The Herald (Glasgow)|Glasgow Herald]] as having "an extremely high and far-flung academic reputation.” <ref>Glasgow Herald article 26 Jan. 1967</ref><ref>Article, Evening Times 3 February 1965</ref> From the Academy, Stewart matriculated at [[University of Glasgow|Glasgow University]], graduating in medicine in 1936.
William Kilpatrick Stewart was born the son of Dr. John Stewart at [[Hamilton, Lanarkshire]]. He attended [[Hamilton Academy]].<ref>Glasgow Herald article 26 January 1967</ref><ref>Article, Evening Times 3 February 1965</ref> He then matriculated at [[University of Glasgow|Glasgow University]], graduating in medicine in 1936.


==Career==
==Career==
[[File:Anti-G Suit MSF830.jpg|thumb|Example of a G suit, the MSF830 Anti-G Suit]]
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[[File:Anti-G Suit MSF830.jpg|thumb|Example of a G suit, the MSF830 Anti-G Suit]]After appointments in [[Western Infirmary|Glasgow Western Infirmary]] he became [[Medical Research Council (UK)|MRC Research Fellow]] at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]], working under Lord Adrian and Sir Bryan Matthews. Joining the [[Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve]] in 1938, he was appointed to the RAF Physiology Laboratory at [[Farnborough Airfield|Farnborough]] in 1940. During the war years Stewart was to conduct original research into the physiological effects of acceleration and deceleration, extreme heat and cold and decompression, and was engaged in the design of the ejector seat, [[G-suit|G suits]] and oxygen systems. He had a [[Gloster Gladiator]] aircraft converted into a flying mini-laboratory, and he himself flew some 300 test flights, using himself as a ‘guinea pig’ in his research. He was awarded the [[Air Force Cross]].


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After appointments in [[Western Infirmary|Glasgow Western Infirmary]], Stewart became [[Medical Research Council (UK)|MRC Research Fellow]] at the [[University of Cambridge]], working under Lord Adrian and Sir Bryan Matthews. Joining the [[Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve]] in 1939, he was appointed to the RAF Physiology Laboratory at [[Farnborough Airfield|Farnborough]] in 1940. During the [[Second World War]], Stewart conducted original research into the physiological effects of acceleration and deceleration, extreme heat and cold and decompression, and was engaged in the design of the ejector seat, [[G-suit|G suits]] and oxygen systems. He had a [[Gloster Gladiator]] aircraft converted into a flying mini-laboratory, and he himself flew some 300 test flights, using himself as a 'guinea pig' in his research. He was awarded the [[Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|Air Force Cross]] in 1941.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/35204/supplements/3752/page.pdf] The London Gazette 1 July 1941, announcement of award of the Air Force Cross – William Kilpatrick Stewart. Retrieved 4 September 2011</ref>
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Following the end of the [[World War II|Second World War]], Stewart was highly instrumental in the successful establishment and operation of the [[RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine]] at Farnborough, and in 1946 was appointed its Commanding Officer. He was also an honorary lecturer in [[Aerospace physiology|aviation physiology]] at the [[University of Glasgow]].


Stewart was involved in an aeroplane crash, in which he was the only survivor out of eight men. The aircraft flew too high into a storm, broke down and Stewart used his parachute to safely descend to the ground. He landed in Yorkshire.
==Awards and honours==

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Following the end of the Second World War, Stewart was instrumental in the successful establishment and operation of the [[RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine]] at Farnborough, and in 1946 was appointed its commanding officer. He was also an honorary lecturer in [[Aerospace physiology|aviation physiology]] at the [[University of Glasgow]].<ref>[http://www.bmj.com/content/2/5549/449.full.pdf] British Medical Journal, obituary article 13 May 1967 citing career. Retrieved 4 September 2011</ref>

==Honours, death and legacy==
In 1956, Stewart was awarded the Sir Charles Wakefield Gold Medal of the [[Royal Aeronautical Society]], and in 1961 the [[Theodore C. Lyster]] award of the [[Aerospace Medical Association]] of the United States.
In 1956, Stewart was awarded the Sir Charles Wakefield Gold Medal of the [[Royal Aeronautical Society]], and in 1961 the [[Theodore C. Lyster]] award of the [[Aerospace Medical Association]] of the United States.


William Kilpatrick Stewart was invested CBE in 1953, CB in 1964 and appointed an Honorary Physician to [[Elizabeth II|HM Queen Elizabeth II]] on 5 July 1966. He died, at the Royal Air Force Hospital, Uxbridge, England, 2 May 1967. In 1969 the Stewart Lecture at the [[Royal Aeronautical Society]], London, was established in his memory.<ref>Glasgow Herald, obituary article, ‘Air Vice-Marshal Dies at 53’ – William Stewart. Published 4 May 1967</ref><ref>Saskatoon Phoenix-Star (Canada) article ‘Queen’s physician dies.’ 4 May 1967</ref><ref>[http://www.raes.org.uk/CONFERENCE/lectnamed.html] Royal Aeronautical Society, named lectures - Stewart Lecture. Retrieved 2011-01-19</ref><ref>[http://www.yorkshire-aircraft.co.uk/aircraft/yorkshire/york41/an522.html] Yorkshire aircraft site. Bio, AVM William Stewart. Retrieved 2011-01-19</ref>
Stewart was invested as a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1953, [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] in 1964 and appointed an Honorary Physician to [[Elizabeth II|HM Queen Elizabeth II]] on 5 July 1966. He died, at the [[RAF Hospital Uxbridge]], England, 2 May 1967. In 1969 the Stewart Lecture at the [[Royal Aeronautical Society]], London, was established in his memory. The Stewart Lecture and the Stewart Memorial Prize are managed by the Stewart Trust, a charitable trust established in his name.<ref>Glasgow Herald, obituary article, 'Air Vice-Marshal Dies at 53' – William Stewart. Published 4 May 1967</ref><ref>Saskatoon Phoenix-Star (Canada) article 'Queen's physician dies.' 4 May 1967</ref><ref>[https://www.aerosociety.com/search?keywords=stewart] Royal Aeronautical Society, named lectures – Stewart Lecture. Retrieved 12 January 2022</ref><ref>[http://www.yorkshire-aircraft.co.uk/aircraft/yorkshire/york41/an522.html] Yorkshire aircraft site. Bio, AVM William Stewart. Retrieved 19 January 2011</ref>


== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
{{authority control}}
|NAME = Stewart, William Kilpatrick

|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Scottish physician, RAF Vice-Marshal
|DATE OF BIRTH = 1914
|PLACE OF BIRTH = Hamilton, Scotland
|DATE OF DEATH = 2 May 1967
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|PLACE OF DEATH = Uxbridge, England
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stewart, William Kilpatrick}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stewart, William Kilpatrick}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
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[[Category:Hamilton Academy alumni]]
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[[Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow]]
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[[Category:Scottish physiologists]]
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[[Category:Royal Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:People from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire]]
[[Category:People from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire]]
[[Category:Aviation medicine]]
[[Category:Military personnel from South Lanarkshire]]
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[[Category:People educated at Hamilton Academy]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]]
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[[Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force air marshals]]
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[[Category:Royal Air Force Medical Service officers]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II]]
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[[Category:Scottish physiologists]]
[[Category:Scottish military medical officers]]

Latest revision as of 21:28, 11 December 2023

William Kilpatrick Stewart
Born(1913-06-28)28 June 1913
Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Died2 May 1967(1967-05-02) (aged 53)
RAF Hospital Uxbridge, England
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service / branchRoyal Air Force
Years of service1939–1967
RankAir vice-marshal
CommandsRAF Institute of Aviation Medicine
Battles / warsSecond World War
AwardsCompanion of the Order of the Bath
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Air Force Cross

Air Vice Marshal William Kilpatrick Stewart, CB, CBE, AFC, QHP (28 June 1913 – 2 May 1967) was a Scottish researcher in aerospace physiology, senior consultant in physiology to the Royal Air Force, and commanding officer of the RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine.

Early life and education

[edit]

William Kilpatrick Stewart was born the son of Dr. John Stewart at Hamilton, Lanarkshire. He attended Hamilton Academy.[1][2] He then matriculated at Glasgow University, graduating in medicine in 1936.

Career

[edit]
Example of a G suit, the MSF830 Anti-G Suit

After appointments in Glasgow Western Infirmary, Stewart became MRC Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge, working under Lord Adrian and Sir Bryan Matthews. Joining the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in 1939, he was appointed to the RAF Physiology Laboratory at Farnborough in 1940. During the Second World War, Stewart conducted original research into the physiological effects of acceleration and deceleration, extreme heat and cold and decompression, and was engaged in the design of the ejector seat, G suits and oxygen systems. He had a Gloster Gladiator aircraft converted into a flying mini-laboratory, and he himself flew some 300 test flights, using himself as a 'guinea pig' in his research. He was awarded the Air Force Cross in 1941.[3]

Stewart was involved in an aeroplane crash, in which he was the only survivor out of eight men. The aircraft flew too high into a storm, broke down and Stewart used his parachute to safely descend to the ground. He landed in Yorkshire.

Following the end of the Second World War, Stewart was instrumental in the successful establishment and operation of the RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine at Farnborough, and in 1946 was appointed its commanding officer. He was also an honorary lecturer in aviation physiology at the University of Glasgow.[4]

Honours, death and legacy

[edit]

In 1956, Stewart was awarded the Sir Charles Wakefield Gold Medal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and in 1961 the Theodore C. Lyster award of the Aerospace Medical Association of the United States.

Stewart was invested as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1953, Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1964 and appointed an Honorary Physician to HM Queen Elizabeth II on 5 July 1966. He died, at the RAF Hospital Uxbridge, England, 2 May 1967. In 1969 the Stewart Lecture at the Royal Aeronautical Society, London, was established in his memory. The Stewart Lecture and the Stewart Memorial Prize are managed by the Stewart Trust, a charitable trust established in his name.[5][6][7][8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Glasgow Herald article 26 January 1967
  2. ^ Article, Evening Times 3 February 1965
  3. ^ [1] The London Gazette 1 July 1941, announcement of award of the Air Force Cross – William Kilpatrick Stewart. Retrieved 4 September 2011
  4. ^ [2] British Medical Journal, obituary article 13 May 1967 citing career. Retrieved 4 September 2011
  5. ^ Glasgow Herald, obituary article, 'Air Vice-Marshal Dies at 53' – William Stewart. Published 4 May 1967
  6. ^ Saskatoon Phoenix-Star (Canada) article 'Queen's physician dies.' 4 May 1967
  7. ^ [3] Royal Aeronautical Society, named lectures – Stewart Lecture. Retrieved 12 January 2022
  8. ^ [4] Yorkshire aircraft site. Bio, AVM William Stewart. Retrieved 19 January 2011
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