General Electric T58: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|American turboshaft engine for helicopters}} |
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{|{{Infobox |
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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|name= T58 |
|name= T58 |
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|image= General Electric T58 turboshaft.jpg |
|image= General Electric T58 turboshaft.jpg |
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|national origin = [[United States]] |
|national origin = [[United States]] |
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|manufacturer= [[GE Aviation]] |
|manufacturer= [[GE Aviation]] |
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|first run=April |
|first run=April 1955 |
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|major applications= [[Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight]] <br> [[Kaman SH-2 Seasprite]] <br> [[Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King]] |
|major applications= [[Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight]] <br /> [[Kaman SH-2 Seasprite]] <br /> [[Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King]] |
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|number built = |
|number built = |
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|program cost = |
|program cost = |
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The '''General Electric T58''' is an American [[turboshaft]] engine developed for helicopter use. First run in 1955, it remained in production until 1984, by which time some 6,300 units had been built. On July 1, 1959, it became the first turbine engine to gain FAA certification for civil helicopter use. The engine was license-built and further developed by [[de Havilland]] in the UK as the [[Rolls-Royce Gnome|Gnome]], and also manufactured by [[Alfa Romeo]] and the [[IHI Corporation]]. |
The '''General Electric T58''' is an American [[turboshaft]] engine developed for helicopter use. First run in 1955, it remained in production until 1984, by which time some 6,300 units had been built. On July 1, 1959, it became the first turbine engine to gain FAA certification for civil helicopter use. The engine was license-built and further developed by [[de Havilland]] in the UK as the [[Rolls-Royce Gnome|Gnome]], in the [[West Germany]] by [[Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz]],<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/Aviation_Week_1963-06-24#page/n39/mode/1up Production Briefing]. // ''Aviation Week & Space Technology'', June 24, 1963, v. 78, no. 25, p. 79.</ref> and also manufactured by [[Alfa Romeo]] and the [[IHI Corporation]]. |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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Development commenced with a 1953 [[US Navy]] requirement for a helicopter turboshaft to weigh under 400 lb (180 kg) while delivering 800 hp (600 kW). The engine General Electric eventually built weighed only 250 lb (110 kg) and delivered 1,050 hp (780 kW) and was soon ordered into production. First flight was on a modified [[Sikorsky HSS-1]] in 1957, and civil certification for the '''CT58-100''' variant was obtained two years later.<ref>{{cite journal| |
Development commenced with a 1953 [[US Navy]] requirement for a helicopter turboshaft to weigh under 400 lb (180 kg) while delivering 800 hp (600 kW). The engine General Electric eventually built weighed only 250 lb (110 kg) and delivered 1,050 hp (780 kW) and was soon ordered into production. First flight was on a modified [[Sikorsky HSS-1]] in 1957, and civil certification for the '''CT58-100''' variant was obtained two years later.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Flying Magazine |date=March 1960 |page=52}}</ref> |
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A number of unusual features are incorporated into the T58:<ref>https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200077.html</ref> |
A number of unusual features are incorporated into the T58:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200077.html |title=gas generator {{!}} tw snalt {{!}} reduction gear {{!}} 1958 {{!}} 0077 {{!}} Flight Archive |website=www.flightglobal.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416104905/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200077.html |archive-date=2015-04-16}} </ref> |
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*an all-axial compressor. Most other turboshafts in this power bracket have a centrifugal unit as a final compressor stage. As a result, the blades at the rear of the compressor are very small (less than 0.5in high) and extremely thin. |
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The main production version of the engine was the '''T58-GE-10''', developing 1,400 hp (1,044 kW). The most powerful version, the T58-GE-16, produces 1,870 hp (1,390 kW).<ref>[http://www.geae.com/engines/military/comparison_turboshaft.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115084011/http://www.geae.com/engines/military/comparison_turboshaft.html |date=January 15, 2008 }}</ref> |
The main production version of the engine was the '''T58-GE-10''', developing 1,400 hp (1,044 kW). The most powerful version, the T58-GE-16, produces 1,870 hp (1,390 kW).<ref>[http://www.geae.com/engines/military/comparison_turboshaft.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115084011/http://www.geae.com/engines/military/comparison_turboshaft.html |date=January 15, 2008 }}</ref> |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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ref="http://www.jet-engine.net/miltsspec.html" |
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<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jet-engine.net/miltsspec.html |title=Military Turboshaft/Turboprop Specifications |website=www.jet-engine.net |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020529032931/http://www.jet-engine.net/miltsspec.html |archive-date=2002-05-29}} </ref> |
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;T58-GE-1:{{convert|1290|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
;T58-GE-1:{{convert|1290|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;T58-GE-2:{{convert|1325|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
;T58-GE-2:{{convert|1325|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;T58-GE-8F:{{convert|1350|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
;T58-GE-8F:{{convert|1350|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;T58-GE-10:{{convert|1400|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
;T58-GE-10:{{convert|1400|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;T58-GE-14:{{convert|1400|hp|kW|abbr=on}} 2-stage power turbine |
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;T58-GE-16:{{convert|1870|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
;T58-GE-16:{{convert|1870|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;T58-GE-100:{{convert|1500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
;T58-GE-100:{{convert|1500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;T58-GE-402:{{convert|1500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
;T58-GE-402:{{convert|1500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;CT58- |
;CT58-100-1:{{convert|1050|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;CT58- |
;CT58-110-1:{{convert|1350|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;CT58-140-1:{{convert|1500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} commercial T58-GE-10 |
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;Ishikawajima-Harima CT58-IHI-110-1:{{convert|1400|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;Ishikawajima-Harima CT58-IHI-140-1:{{convert|1400|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |
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;Ishikawajima-Harima T58-IHI-8B BLC:For [[Shin Meiwa PS-1]] BLC system |
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;[[Rolls-Royce Gnome]]:Licensed production and development of the T58 in the United Kingdom. |
;[[Rolls-Royce Gnome]]:Licensed production and development of the T58 in the United Kingdom. |
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==Applications== |
==Applications== |
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{{Columns-list| |
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* [[Aérospatiale Super Frelon|Aerospatiale SA 321K Super Frelon]] - Used by [[Israeli Air Force]] |
* [[Aérospatiale Super Frelon|Aerospatiale SA 321K Super Frelon]] - Used by [[Israeli Air Force]] |
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* [[Agusta A.101]] |
* [[Agusta A.101]] |
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* [[Boeing CH-46 Sea Knight]] |
* [[Boeing CH-46 Sea Knight]] |
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* [[Fairchild VZ-5]] (YT58) |
* [[Fairchild VZ-5]] (YT58) |
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* [[Kaman K-16B]] |
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* [[Kaman SH-2 Seasprite]] |
* [[Kaman SH-2 Seasprite]] |
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* [[Piasecki XH-21D Shawnee]] (Model 71) |
* [[Piasecki XH-21D Shawnee]] (Model 71) |
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* [[Sikorsky S-67]] |
* [[Sikorsky S-67]] |
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* [[Sikorsky S-72]] |
* [[Sikorsky S-72]] |
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* [[Shin Meiwa US-1A]] for layer boundary control |
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}} |
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===Other |
===Other=== |
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Two T58s, converted to turbojets by the removal of the power turbines, were used as the engines on the [[Maverick TwinJet 1200]].<ref>[http://minijets.org/typo3/index.php?id=89 MiniJets Website] Retrieved 28 June 2011</ref> |
Two T58s, converted to turbojets by the removal of the power turbines, were used as the engines on the [[Maverick TwinJet 1200]].<ref>[http://minijets.org/typo3/index.php?id=89 MiniJets Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025159/http://minijets.org/typo3/index.php?id=89 |date=2016-03-05 }} Retrieved 28 June 2011</ref> |
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⚫ | The [[Carroll Shelby]] turbine cars entered in the 1968 Indianapolis 500 race were powered by T58s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FtQDAAAAMBAJ |
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⚫ | The [[Carroll Shelby]] turbine cars entered in the 1968 Indianapolis 500 race were powered by T58s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FtQDAAAAMBAJ&dq=wallis+turbine+car&pg=PA98 'Rodger Ward's Indy 500 Preview; Will the Turbines Takeover?']</ref> The cars were found to be using variable inlets to get around the USAC regulations on the maximum allowable inlet size and were disqualified. |
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Turboshaft engines like the GE T58, Lycoming T53/T55 are also used to power high performance powerboats, such as aport and offshore vee, and catamaran hulls like the Skater "Jet Set" or Mystic Powerboats "My Way", water jet river racers like Unnatural Dissaster and hydroplanes. Some of these boats run in excess of 200 mph, despite them being open cockpit pleasure boats. |
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==Engines on display== |
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==Survivors== |
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* There is a YT58-GE-2A cutaway on display at the [[New England Air Museum]], [[Bradley International Airport]], Windsor Locks, CT <ref>[http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1104 Engine Collection]. NEAM. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref> |
* There is a YT58-GE-2A cutaway on display at the [[New England Air Museum]], [[Bradley International Airport]], Windsor Locks, CT <ref>[http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1104 Engine Collection]. NEAM. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref> |
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|ref=<ref>{{cite web|title=About the General Electric T58 (series) Turbine Engine|url=http://www.turbinefun.com/T58-GE-3.asp}}</ref><ref name=JAWA62-63>{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63|year=1962|publisher=Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd|location=London}}</ref> |
|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=About the General Electric T58 (series) Turbine Engine |url=http://www.turbinefun.com/T58-GE-3.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124053014/http://www.turbinefun.com/T58-GE-3.asp |archivedate=2011-11-24 }}</ref><ref name=JAWA62-63>{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63|year=1962|publisher=Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd|location=London}}</ref> |
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|type=Free |
|type=[[Free-turbine turboshaft|Free power turboshaft]] |
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|length={{convert|55|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
|length={{convert|55|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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|diameter={{convert|16|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
|diameter={{convert|16|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} |
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|weight= {{ubl |
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| |
| {{convert|285|lb|kg|abbr=on|0}} without [[reduction gearbox]], |
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| {{convert|391|lb|kg|abbr=on|0}} with reduction gearbox |
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}} |
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|turbine=2x gas generator turbine stages + 1x free power turbine stage |
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|turbine= {{ubl |
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| 2× [[gas generator]] turbine stages and |
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| 1× free power turbine stage |
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}} |
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|oilsystem= |
|oilsystem= |
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|power={{convert|1,250|hp|kW|abbr=on|2}} |
|power={{convert|1,250|hp|kW|abbr=on|2}} |
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|compression=8.3:1 |
|compression=8.3:1 |
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|bypass= |
|bypass= |
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|aircon={{convert|12.4|lb|kg|abbr=on|2}} |
|aircon={{convert|12.4|lb/s|kg/s|abbr=on|2}} at 26,300 rpm |
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|turbinetemp= |
|turbinetemp= |
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|fuelcon= |
|fuelcon= |
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|specfuelcon=0.64 |
|specfuelcon={{convert|0.64|lb/hp.h|kg/kW.h|abbr=on}} at maximum continuous rating |
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|power/weight=6.1 |
|power/weight={{convert|6.1|hp/lb|kW/kg|abbr=on}} without reduction gearbox |
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|thrust/weight= |
|thrust/weight= |
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}} |
}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Portal|Aviation}} |
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{{aircontent |
{{aircontent |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Gunston |first= Bill |title=World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines |year=1986 |publisher=Patrick Stephens |location= Wellingborough |page=65 }} |
* {{cite book |last= Gunston |first= Bill |title=World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines |year=1986 |publisher=Patrick Stephens |location= Wellingborough |page=65 }} |
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* [http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/index.html GE Aviation T58 page] and [http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/spotlight_history.html T58 history page] |
* [http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/index.html GE Aviation T58 page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620063707/http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/index.html |date=2011-06-20 }} and [http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/spotlight_history.html T58 history page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926013306/http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/spotlight_history.html |date=2010-09-26 }} |
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*{{cite report |work=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) |series=Type Certificate Data Sheet |author=[[General Electric]] |date=September 4, 2018 |title=1E3 |edition=16th |url=https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/2d4a5aa5-53a3-4ab4-9d2b-f2bd6df545c0}} |
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*{{cite report |work=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) |series=Type Certificate Data Sheet |author=[[Ishikawajima-Harima]] |date=August 10, 1970 |title=E1PC |edition=1st |url=https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/cdd8da03-b6c7-4d98-9453-2c471f89b8b6}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.minijets.org/index.php?id=86 Minijets website] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160313221448/http://www.minijets.org/index.php?id=86 Minijets website] |
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{{GE aeroengines}} |
{{GE aeroengines}} |
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{{USAF gas turbine engines}} |
{{USAF gas turbine engines}} |
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{{aeroengine-specs}} |
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[[Category:General Electric aircraft engines|T58]] |
[[Category:General Electric aircraft engines|T58]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1950s turboshaft engines]] |
Latest revision as of 23:35, 13 December 2023
T58 | |
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Type | Turboshaft |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | GE Aviation |
First run | April 1955 |
Major applications | Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight Kaman SH-2 Seasprite Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King |
Variants | Rolls-Royce Gnome, |
The General Electric T58 is an American turboshaft engine developed for helicopter use. First run in 1955, it remained in production until 1984, by which time some 6,300 units had been built. On July 1, 1959, it became the first turbine engine to gain FAA certification for civil helicopter use. The engine was license-built and further developed by de Havilland in the UK as the Gnome, in the West Germany by Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz,[1] and also manufactured by Alfa Romeo and the IHI Corporation.
Design and development
[edit]Development commenced with a 1953 US Navy requirement for a helicopter turboshaft to weigh under 400 lb (180 kg) while delivering 800 hp (600 kW). The engine General Electric eventually built weighed only 250 lb (110 kg) and delivered 1,050 hp (780 kW) and was soon ordered into production. First flight was on a modified Sikorsky HSS-1 in 1957, and civil certification for the CT58-100 variant was obtained two years later.[2]
A number of unusual features are incorporated into the T58:[3]
- an all-axial compressor. Most other turboshafts in this power bracket have a centrifugal unit as a final compressor stage. As a result, the blades at the rear of the compressor are very small (less than 0.5in high) and extremely thin.
- compressor handling at part speed is facilitated by several rows of variable pitch stators at the front part of the unit. This was a fairly novel feature when the engine was first introduced.
- a single stage power turbine. which delivers power to the rear of the engine. The hot exhaust stream is diverted sideways, away from the output shaft.
- the combustor is a straight-through annular design, rather than reverse flow.
The main production version of the engine was the T58-GE-10, developing 1,400 hp (1,044 kW). The most powerful version, the T58-GE-16, produces 1,870 hp (1,390 kW).[4]
Variants
[edit]- T58-GE-1
- 1,290 hp (960 kW)
- T58-GE-2
- 1,325 hp (988 kW)
- T58-GE-3
- 1,290 hp (960 kW)
- T58-GE-4
- T58-GE-5
- 1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
- T58-GE-6
- 1,250 hp (930 kW)
- T58-GE-8B
- 1,250 hp (930 kW)
- T58-GE-8E
- 1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
- T58-GE-8F
- 1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
- T58-GE-10
- 1,400 hp (1,000 kW)
- T58-GE-14
- 1,400 hp (1,000 kW) 2-stage power turbine
- T58-GE-16
- 1,870 hp (1,390 kW)
- T58-GE-100
- 1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
- T58-GE-402
- 1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
- CT58-100-1
- 1,050 hp (780 kW)
- CT58-110-1
- 1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
- CT58-140-1
- 1,500 hp (1,100 kW) commercial T58-GE-10
- Ishikawajima-Harima CT58-IHI-110-1
- 1,400 hp (1,000 kW)
- Ishikawajima-Harima CT58-IHI-140-1
- 1,400 hp (1,000 kW)
- Ishikawajima-Harima T58-IHI-8B BLC
- For Shin Meiwa PS-1 BLC system
- Rolls-Royce Gnome
- Licensed production and development of the T58 in the United Kingdom.
Applications
[edit]- Aerospatiale SA 321K Super Frelon - Used by Israeli Air Force
- Agusta A.101
- AgustaBell AB204B
- Bell UH-1F/TH-1F
- Bell X-22 (YT58)
- Boeing CH-46 Sea Knight
- Fairchild VZ-5 (YT58)
- Kaman K-16B
- Kaman SH-2 Seasprite
- Piasecki XH-21D Shawnee (Model 71)
- Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King
- Sikorsky HH-3B/C/E/F
- Sikorsky HH-52 Seaguard
- Sikorsky S-61L/N
- Sikorsky S-62
- Sikorsky S-67
- Sikorsky S-72
- Shin Meiwa US-1A for layer boundary control
Other
[edit]Two T58s, converted to turbojets by the removal of the power turbines, were used as the engines on the Maverick TwinJet 1200.[6]
The Carroll Shelby turbine cars entered in the 1968 Indianapolis 500 race were powered by T58s.[7] The cars were found to be using variable inlets to get around the USAC regulations on the maximum allowable inlet size and were disqualified.
Engines on display
[edit]- There is a YT58-GE-2A cutaway on display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT [8]
Specifications (T58-GE-8)
[edit]General characteristics
- Type: Free power turboshaft
- Length: 55 in (1,397 mm)
- Diameter: 16 in (406 mm)
- Dry weight:
- 285 lb (129 kg) without reduction gearbox,
- 391 lb (177 kg) with reduction gearbox
Components
- Compressor: 10-stage axial-flow compressor with variable inlet guide vanes, and variable incidence stators in first three stages
- Combustors: Annular combustion chamber with 16 burner nozzles on two manifolds
- Turbine:
- 2× gas generator turbine stages and
- 1× free power turbine stage
- Fuel type: Aviation kerosene
Performance
- Maximum power output: 1,250 hp (932.12 kW)
- Overall pressure ratio: 8.3:1
- Air mass flow: 12.4 lb/s (5.62 kg/s) at 26,300 rpm
- Specific fuel consumption: 0.64 lb/(hp⋅h) (0.39 kg/(kW⋅h)) at maximum continuous rating
- Power-to-weight ratio: 6.1 hp/lb (10.0 kW/kg) without reduction gearbox
See also
[edit]Related development
Related lists
References
[edit]- ^ Production Briefing. // Aviation Week & Space Technology, June 24, 1963, v. 78, no. 25, p. 79.
- ^ Flying Magazine: 52. March 1960.
{{cite journal}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ "gas generator | tw snalt | reduction gear | 1958 | 0077 | Flight Archive". www.flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-16.
- ^ [1] Archived January 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Military Turboshaft/Turboprop Specifications". www.jet-engine.net. Archived from the original on 2002-05-29.
- ^ MiniJets Website Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 28 June 2011
- ^ 'Rodger Ward's Indy 500 Preview; Will the Turbines Takeover?'
- ^ Engine Collection. NEAM. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ "About the General Electric T58 (series) Turbine Engine". Archived from the original on 2011-11-24.
- ^ Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
- Gunston, Bill (1986). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens. p. 65.
- GE Aviation T58 page Archived 2011-06-20 at the Wayback Machine and T58 history page Archived 2010-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
- General Electric (September 4, 2018). 1E3. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (Report). Type Certificate Data Sheet (16th ed.).
- Ishikawajima-Harima (August 10, 1970). E1PC. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (Report). Type Certificate Data Sheet (1st ed.).