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{{short description|American turboshaft engine for helicopters}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|name= T58
|name= T58
|image= General Electric T58 turboshaft.jpg
|image= General Electric T58 turboshaft.jpg
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|national origin = [[United States]]
|national origin = [[United States]]
|manufacturer= [[GE Aviation]]
|manufacturer= [[GE Aviation]]
|first run=April {{Avyear|1955}}
|first run=April 1955
|major applications= [[Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight]] <br> [[Kaman SH-2 Seasprite]] <br> [[Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King]]
|major applications= [[Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight]] <br /> [[Kaman SH-2 Seasprite]] <br /> [[Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King]]
|number built =
|number built =
|program cost =
|program cost =
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==Design and development==
==Design and development==
Development commenced with a 1953 [[US Navy]] requirement for a helicopter turboshaft to weigh under 400&nbsp;lb (180&nbsp;kg) while delivering 800&nbsp;hp (600&nbsp;kW). The engine General Electric eventually built weighed only 250&nbsp;lb (110&nbsp;kg) and delivered 1,050&nbsp;hp (780&nbsp;kW) and was soon ordered into production. First flight was on a modified [[Sikorsky HSS-1]] in 1957, and civil certification for the '''CT58-100''' variant was obtained two years later.<ref>{{cite journal|magazine=Flying Magazine|date=March 1960|page=52}}</ref>
Development commenced with a 1953 [[US Navy]] requirement for a helicopter turboshaft to weigh under 400&nbsp;lb (180&nbsp;kg) while delivering 800&nbsp;hp (600&nbsp;kW). The engine General Electric eventually built weighed only 250&nbsp;lb (110&nbsp;kg) and delivered 1,050&nbsp;hp (780&nbsp;kW) and was soon ordered into production. First flight was on a modified [[Sikorsky HSS-1]] in 1957, and civil certification for the '''CT58-100''' variant was obtained two years later.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Flying Magazine |date=March 1960 |page=52}}</ref>


A number of unusual features are incorporated into the T58:<ref>https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200077.html</ref>
A number of unusual features are incorporated into the T58:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200077.html |title=gas generator {{!}} tw snalt {{!}} reduction gear {{!}} 1958 {{!}} 0077 {{!}} Flight Archive |website=www.flightglobal.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416104905/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200077.html |archive-date=2015-04-16}} </ref>


1) an all-axial compressor. Most other turboshafts in this power bracket have a centrifugal unit as a final compressor stage. As a result, the blades at the rear of the compressor are very small (less than 0.5in high) and extremely thin.
*an all-axial compressor. Most other turboshafts in this power bracket have a centrifugal unit as a final compressor stage. As a result, the blades at the rear of the compressor are very small (less than 0.5in high) and extremely thin.
⚫
*compressor handling at part speed is facilitated by several rows of variable pitch stators at the front part of the unit. This was a fairly novel feature when the engine was first introduced.

⚫
*a single stage power turbine. which delivers power to the rear of the engine. The hot exhaust stream is diverted sideways, away from the output shaft.
⚫
2) compressor handling at part speed is facilitated by several rows of variable stators at the front part of the unit. This was a fairly novel feature when the engine was first introduced.
⚫
*the combustor is a straight-through annular design, rather than reverse flow.

⚫
3) a single stage power turbine. which delivers power to the rear of engine. The hot exhaust stream is diverted sideways, away from the output shaft, by a skewed jet pipe.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}
⚫
4) the combustor is a straight-through annular design, rather than reverse flow.


The main production version of the engine was the '''T58-GE-10''', developing 1,400&nbsp;hp (1,044&nbsp;kW). The most powerful version, the T58-GE-16, produces 1,870&nbsp;hp (1,390&nbsp;kW).<ref>[http://www.geae.com/engines/military/comparison_turboshaft.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115084011/http://www.geae.com/engines/military/comparison_turboshaft.html |date=January 15, 2008 }}</ref>
The main production version of the engine was the '''T58-GE-10''', developing 1,400&nbsp;hp (1,044&nbsp;kW). The most powerful version, the T58-GE-16, produces 1,870&nbsp;hp (1,390&nbsp;kW).<ref>[http://www.geae.com/engines/military/comparison_turboshaft.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115084011/http://www.geae.com/engines/military/comparison_turboshaft.html |date=January 15, 2008 }}</ref>
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==Variants==
==Variants==
[[File:US Navy 040422-N-9849W-049 Members assigned to the War Lords of Light Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Five One (HSL-51) inspect a new engine.jpg|thumb|Inspection of a T58 engine before installation in a [[Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King|SH-3G Sea King]] helicopter]]
[[File:US Navy 040422-N-9849W-049 Members assigned to the War Lords of Light Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Five One (HSL-51) inspect a new engine.jpg|thumb|Inspection of a T58 engine before installation in a [[Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King|SH-3G Sea King]] helicopter]]
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jet-engine.net/miltsspec.html |title=Military Turboshaft/Turboprop Specifications |website=www.jet-engine.net |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020529032931/http://www.jet-engine.net/miltsspec.html |archive-date=2002-05-29}} </ref>
<ref>http://www.jet-engine.net/miltsspec.html</ref>
;T58-GE-1:{{convert|1290|hp|kW|abbr=on}}
;T58-GE-1:{{convert|1290|hp|kW|abbr=on}}
;T58-GE-2:{{convert|1325|hp|kW|abbr=on}}
;T58-GE-2:{{convert|1325|hp|kW|abbr=on}}
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==Applications==
==Applications==
{{Columns-list|

* [[Aérospatiale Super Frelon|Aerospatiale SA 321K Super Frelon]] - Used by [[Israeli Air Force]]
* [[Aérospatiale Super Frelon|Aerospatiale SA 321K Super Frelon]] - Used by [[Israeli Air Force]]
* [[Agusta A.101]]
* [[Agusta A.101]]
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* [[Sikorsky S-67]]
* [[Sikorsky S-67]]
* [[Sikorsky S-72]]
* [[Sikorsky S-72]]
* [[Shin Meiwa US-1A]] for layer boundary control
}}


===Other Applications===
===Other===
Two T58s, converted to turbojets by the removal of the power turbines, were used as the engines on the [[Maverick TwinJet 1200]].<ref>[http://minijets.org/typo3/index.php?id=89 MiniJets Website] Retrieved 28 June 2011</ref>
Two T58s, converted to turbojets by the removal of the power turbines, were used as the engines on the [[Maverick TwinJet 1200]].<ref>[http://minijets.org/typo3/index.php?id=89 MiniJets Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025159/http://minijets.org/typo3/index.php?id=89 |date=2016-03-05 }} Retrieved 28 June 2011</ref>

⚫
The [[Carroll Shelby]] turbine cars entered in the 1968 Indianapolis 500 race were powered by T58s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FtQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA98&dq=wallis+turbine+car&hl=en&ei=7b4HTs6lHJTSsAOUivHdDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=wallis%20turbine%20car&f=false 'Rodger Ward's Indy 500 Preview; Will the Turbines Takeover?']</ref> The cars were found to be using variable inlets to get around the USAC regulations on the maximum allowable inlet size and were disqualified.


⚫
The [[Carroll Shelby]] turbine cars entered in the 1968 Indianapolis 500 race were powered by T58s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FtQDAAAAMBAJ&dq=wallis+turbine+car&pg=PA98 'Rodger Ward's Indy 500 Preview; Will the Turbines Takeover?']</ref> The cars were found to be using variable inlets to get around the USAC regulations on the maximum allowable inlet size and were disqualified.
Turboshaft engines like the GE T58, Lycoming T53/T55 are also used to power high performance powerboats, such as aport and offshore vee, and catamaran hulls like the Skater "Jet Set" or Mystic Powerboats "My Way", water jet river racers like Unnatural Disaster and hydroplanes. Some of these boats run in excess of 200&nbsp;mph, despite them being open cockpit pleasure boats.


==Engines on display==
==Survivors==
* There is a YT58-GE-2A cutaway on display at the [[New England Air Museum]], [[Bradley International Airport]], Windsor Locks, CT <ref>[http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1104 Engine Collection]. NEAM. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref>
* There is a YT58-GE-2A cutaway on display at the [[New England Air Museum]], [[Bradley International Airport]], Windsor Locks, CT <ref>[http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1104 Engine Collection]. NEAM. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref>


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|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=About the General Electric T58 (series) Turbine Engine |url=http://www.turbinefun.com/T58-GE-3.asp |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124053014/http://www.turbinefun.com/T58-GE-3.asp |archivedate=2011-11-24 |df= }}</ref><ref name=JAWA62-63>{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63|year=1962|publisher=Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd|location=London}}</ref>
|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=About the General Electric T58 (series) Turbine Engine |url=http://www.turbinefun.com/T58-GE-3.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124053014/http://www.turbinefun.com/T58-GE-3.asp |archivedate=2011-11-24 }}</ref><ref name=JAWA62-63>{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63|year=1962|publisher=Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd|location=London}}</ref>
|type=[[Free-turbine turboshaft|Free power turboshaft]]
|type=[[Free-turbine turboshaft|Free power turboshaft]]
|length={{convert|55|in|mm|abbr=on|0|lk=on}}
|length={{convert|55|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
|diameter={{convert|16|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
|diameter={{convert|16|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
|weight= {{ubl
|weight={{convert|285|lb|kg|abbr=on|0|lk=on}} without <br> [[reduction gearbox]], <br>{{convert|391|lb|kg|abbr=on|0}} with reduction gearbox
| {{convert|285|lb|kg|abbr=on|0}} without [[reduction gearbox]],
⚫
|compressor=10 stage [[Axial compressor|axial-flow]] [[compressor]] with variable inlet guide vanes + variable incidence stators in first three stages
| {{convert|391|lb|kg|abbr=on|0}} with reduction gearbox
}}
⚫
|compressor=10-stage [[axial compressor|axial-flow]] [[compressor]] with variable inlet guide vanes, and variable incidence stators in first three stages
|combustion=[[Combustor#Annular|Annular combustion chamber]] with 16 burner nozzles on two manifolds
|combustion=[[Combustor#Annular|Annular combustion chamber]] with 16 burner nozzles on two manifolds
|turbine=2x [[gas generator]] turbine stages<br />+ 1x free power turbine stage
|turbine= {{ubl
| 2× [[gas generator]] turbine stages and
| 1× free power turbine stage
}}
|fueltype=[[Jet fuel|Aviation kerosene]]
|fueltype=[[Jet fuel|Aviation kerosene]]
|oilsystem=
|oilsystem=
|power={{convert|1,250|hp|kW|abbr=on|2|lk=on}}
|power={{convert|1,250|hp|kW|abbr=on|2}}
|thrust=
|thrust=
|compression=8.3:1
|compression=8.3:1
Line 113: Line 117:
|turbinetemp=
|turbinetemp=
|fuelcon=
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon={{convert|0.64|lb/hp/h|kg/kW/h|abbr=on}} at maximum continuous rating
|specfuelcon={{convert|0.64|lb/hp.h|kg/kW.h|abbr=on}} at maximum continuous rating
|power/weight={{convert|6.1|hp/lb|kW/kg|abbr=on}} without reduction gearbox
|power/weight={{convert|6.1|hp/lb|kW/kg|abbr=on}} without reduction gearbox
|thrust/weight=
|thrust/weight=
Line 119: Line 123:


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
{{aircontent
<!-- other related articles that have not already linked: -->
<!-- other related articles that have not already linked: -->
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book |last= Gunston |first= Bill |title=World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines |year=1986 |publisher=Patrick Stephens |location= Wellingborough |page=65 }}
* {{cite book |last= Gunston |first= Bill |title=World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines |year=1986 |publisher=Patrick Stephens |location= Wellingborough |page=65 }}
* [http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/index.html GE Aviation T58 page] and [http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/spotlight_history.html T58 history page]
* [http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/index.html GE Aviation T58 page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620063707/http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/index.html |date=2011-06-20 }} and [http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/spotlight_history.html T58 history page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926013306/http://www.geae.com/engines/military/t58/spotlight_history.html |date=2010-09-26 }}
*{{cite report |work=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) |series=Type Certificate Data Sheet |author=[[General Electric]] |date=September 4, 2018 |title=1E3 |edition=16th |url=https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/2d4a5aa5-53a3-4ab4-9d2b-f2bd6df545c0}}
*{{cite report |work=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) |series=Type Certificate Data Sheet |author=[[Ishikawajima-Harima]] |date=August 10, 1970 |title=E1PC |edition=1st |url=https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/cdd8da03-b6c7-4d98-9453-2c471f89b8b6}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.minijets.org/index.php?id=86 Minijets website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160313221448/http://www.minijets.org/index.php?id=86 Minijets website]


{{GE aeroengines}}
{{GE aeroengines}}
{{USAF gas turbine engines}}
{{USAF gas turbine engines}}
{{aeroengine-specs}}


[[Category:General Electric aircraft engines|T58]]
[[Category:General Electric aircraft engines|T58]]

Latest revision as of 23:35, 13 December 2023

T58
Type Turboshaft
National origin United States
Manufacturer GE Aviation
First run April 1955
Major applications Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight
Kaman SH-2 Seasprite
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King
Variants Rolls-Royce Gnome,

The General Electric T58 is an American turboshaft engine developed for helicopter use. First run in 1955, it remained in production until 1984, by which time some 6,300 units had been built. On July 1, 1959, it became the first turbine engine to gain FAA certification for civil helicopter use. The engine was license-built and further developed by de Havilland in the UK as the Gnome, in the West Germany by Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz,[1] and also manufactured by Alfa Romeo and the IHI Corporation.

Design and development

[edit]

Development commenced with a 1953 US Navy requirement for a helicopter turboshaft to weigh under 400 lb (180 kg) while delivering 800 hp (600 kW). The engine General Electric eventually built weighed only 250 lb (110 kg) and delivered 1,050 hp (780 kW) and was soon ordered into production. First flight was on a modified Sikorsky HSS-1 in 1957, and civil certification for the CT58-100 variant was obtained two years later.[2]

A number of unusual features are incorporated into the T58:[3]

  • an all-axial compressor. Most other turboshafts in this power bracket have a centrifugal unit as a final compressor stage. As a result, the blades at the rear of the compressor are very small (less than 0.5in high) and extremely thin.
  • compressor handling at part speed is facilitated by several rows of variable pitch stators at the front part of the unit. This was a fairly novel feature when the engine was first introduced.
  • a single stage power turbine. which delivers power to the rear of the engine. The hot exhaust stream is diverted sideways, away from the output shaft.
  • the combustor is a straight-through annular design, rather than reverse flow.

The main production version of the engine was the T58-GE-10, developing 1,400 hp (1,044 kW). The most powerful version, the T58-GE-16, produces 1,870 hp (1,390 kW).[4]

Variants

[edit]
Inspection of a T58 engine before installation in a SH-3G Sea King helicopter

[5]

T58-GE-1
1,290 hp (960 kW)
T58-GE-2
1,325 hp (988 kW)
T58-GE-3
1,290 hp (960 kW)
T58-GE-4
T58-GE-5
1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
T58-GE-6
1,250 hp (930 kW)
T58-GE-8B
1,250 hp (930 kW)
T58-GE-8E
1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
T58-GE-8F
1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
T58-GE-10
1,400 hp (1,000 kW)
T58-GE-14
1,400 hp (1,000 kW) 2-stage power turbine
T58-GE-16
1,870 hp (1,390 kW)
T58-GE-100
1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
T58-GE-402
1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
CT58-100-1
1,050 hp (780 kW)
CT58-110-1
1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
CT58-140-1
1,500 hp (1,100 kW) commercial T58-GE-10
Ishikawajima-Harima CT58-IHI-110-1
1,400 hp (1,000 kW)
Ishikawajima-Harima CT58-IHI-140-1
1,400 hp (1,000 kW)
Ishikawajima-Harima T58-IHI-8B BLC
For Shin Meiwa PS-1 BLC system
Rolls-Royce Gnome
Licensed production and development of the T58 in the United Kingdom.

Applications

[edit]

Other

[edit]

Two T58s, converted to turbojets by the removal of the power turbines, were used as the engines on the Maverick TwinJet 1200.[6]

The Carroll Shelby turbine cars entered in the 1968 Indianapolis 500 race were powered by T58s.[7] The cars were found to be using variable inlets to get around the USAC regulations on the maximum allowable inlet size and were disqualified.

Engines on display

[edit]

Specifications (T58-GE-8)

[edit]

Data from [9][10]

General characteristics

  • Type: Free power turboshaft
  • Length: 55 in (1,397 mm)
  • Diameter: 16 in (406 mm)
  • Dry weight:

Components

Performance

See also

[edit]

Related development

Related lists

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to General Electric T58.
  1. ^ Production Briefing. // Aviation Week & Space Technology, June 24, 1963, v. 78, no. 25, p. 79.
  2. ^ Flying Magazine: 52. March 1960. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ "gas generator | tw snalt | reduction gear | 1958 | 0077 | Flight Archive". www.flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-16.
  4. ^ [1] Archived January 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Military Turboshaft/Turboprop Specifications". www.jet-engine.net. Archived from the original on 2002-05-29.
  6. ^ MiniJets Website Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 28 June 2011
  7. ^ 'Rodger Ward's Indy 500 Preview; Will the Turbines Takeover?'
  8. ^ Engine Collection. NEAM. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
  9. ^ "About the General Electric T58 (series) Turbine Engine". Archived from the original on 2011-11-24.
  10. ^ Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
[edit]
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