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{{Short description|Order of fungi}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Phyllachorales
| taxon = Trichosphaeriaceae
| regnum = [[Fungi]]
| parent_authority = [[Margaret E. Barr|M.E.Barr]] (1983)<ref name="Barr1983">{{cite journal |last1=Barr |first1=M.E. |title=The ascomycete connection. |journal=Mycologia |date=1983 |volume=75 |pages=1–13|doi=10.1080/00275514.1983.12021631 }}</ref>
| divisio = [[Ascomycota]]
| authority = G. Winter, 1885
| subdivisio = [[Pezizomycotina]]
| classis = [[Sordariomycetes]]
| subclassis = [[Incertae sedis]]
| ordo = '''Trichosphaeriales'''
| ordo_authority = [[Margaret E. Barr|M.E. Barr]], 1983
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
'''Trichosphaeriaceae'''<br><small>G. Winter, 1885</small>
'''Trichosphaeriaceae'''<br/><small>G.Winter (1885)</small><ref name=Winter>G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., Edn 2 (Leipzig) 1.2: 191 (1885)</ref>
}}
}}

'''Trichosphaeriales''' is an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[sac fungi]]. It is [[monotypic]], and consists of the single [[family (biology)|family]], the '''Trichosphaeriaceae'''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. |date=December 2007 |title=Outline of Ascomycota – 2007 |journal=Myconet |volume=13 |issue= |pages=1–58 |id= |url=http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |accessdate= |publisher=The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA }}</ref>
The '''Trichosphaeriales''' are an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[sac fungi]]. It is [[monotypic]], and consists of the single [[family (biology)|family]], the '''Trichosphaeriaceae'''.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM |date=December 2007 |title=Outline of Ascomycota – 2007 |journal=Myconet |volume=13 |pages=1–58 |url=http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |publisher=The Field Museum, Department of Botany |location=Chicago, USA }}</ref> In 2017, the family of ''Trichosphaeriaceae'' was placed in Diaporthomycetidae families [[incertae sedis]],<ref name="Hongsanan2017"/> which was accepted by Wijayawardene et al. (2018),<ref name="Wijayawardene2018"/> and Wijayawardene et al. 2020.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020"/> The order of Trichosphaeriales was also unplaced. They are generally [[saprobic]] and [[pathogenic]] on plants, commonly isolated from herbivore dung.

==History==
German mycologist [[Heinrich Georg Winter]] in 1887, introduced family Trichosphaeriaceae with ''Trichosphaeria'' as the type genus and seven other astromatic genera.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=G. |title=Pilze, Ascomyceten. |journal=Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz |date=1887 |volume=1 |pages=1–928}}</ref> These seven genera were later excluded from Trichosphaeriaceae family by molecular evidence.<ref name=Maharachchikumbura2015/> [[Margaret E. Barr]] then founded the Trichosphaeriales Order to hold the family in 1983.<ref name="Barr1983"/> She then in 1990, accepted four genera in Trichosphaeriaceae, i.e. ''[[Acanthostigma]]'', ''[[Eriosphaeria]]'', ''[[Rhamphoria]]'', and ''[[Trichosphaeria]]''.<ref name="Barr1990"/> Later, ''Acanthostigma'' was transferred to family [[Tubeufiaceae]] (Réblová & Barr 2000,<ref name="ReblovaBarr2000"/> Boonmee et al. 2011,<ref name="Boonmee2011"/> 2014), while genus ''Rhamphoria'' was placed in family [[Annulatascaceae]] (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b),<ref name=Maharachchikumbura2016/> and then into family ''[[Rhamphoriaceae]]''. Genera ''[[Collematospora]]'' was introduced by Jeng & Cain (1976) who assigned it to Trichosphaeriaceae based on the similar morphology with previously described genera, ''Eriosphaeria'' and ''Trichosphaeria'' in family Trichosphaeriaceae.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jeng |first1=R.S. |last2=Cain |first2=R.F. |title=''Collematospora'', a new genus of the Trichosphaeriaceae. |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |date=1976 |volume=54 |issue=21 |pages=2429–2433|doi=10.1139/b76-257 }}</ref> Réblová in 1999, introduced ''[[Coniobrevicolla]]'' and placed it in Trichosphaeriaceae based on the characters of peridium, ascal and hamathecium anatomy.<ref name="Reblova1999" /> Réblová & Seifert in 2004, found some sexual morphs which produced ''Brachysporium'' asexual morphs in culture. On the basis of morphology of perithecia, asci, ascospores and conidiogenesis, genus ''Brachysporium'' was then placed in Trichosphaeriaceae.<ref name="RéblováSeifert2004"/> Pinnoi et al. in 2003 described ''Unisetosphaeria'' in Trichosphaeriaceae rather than family [[Chaetosphaeriaceae]] based on the morphology.<ref name="Pinnoi2003">{{cite journal |last1=Pinnoi |first1=A. |last2=Jones |first2=E.B.G. |last3=McKenzie |first3=E.H.C. |last4=Hyde |first4=Kevin D. |title=Aquatic fungi from peat swamp palms: ''Unisetosphaeria penguinoides'' gen. et sp. nov., and three new ''Dactylaria'' species. |journal=Mycoscience |date=2003 |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=377–382|doi=10.1007/S10267-003-0124-1 |s2cid=83914493 }}</ref> Réblová & Gams in 2016 then studied the type material of ''Acanthosphaeria'' and relegated this genus to a [[synonymy]] of genus ''[[Chaetosphaeria]]''.<ref name="Réblová et al. 2016"/> Voglmayr et al. in 2019 transferred all genus ''Cresporhaphis'' species including the type to ''[[Leptosillia]]'' (''Leptosilliaceae'') and ''[[Rhaphidicyrtis]]'' (order [[Pyrenulales]]) except ''Cresporhaphis rhoina'', although they did not give a clear classification for ''Cresporhaphis rhoina''.<ref name="Voglmayr2019">{{cite journal |last1=Voglmayr |first1=H. |last2=Aguirre-Hudson |first2=M.B. |last3=Wagner |first3=H.G. |last4=Tello |first4=S. |last5=Jaklitsch |first5=W.M. |title=Lichens or endophytes? The enigmatic genus ''Leptosillia'' in the ''Leptosilliaceae'' fam. nov. (Xylariales), and ''Furfurella'' gen. nov. (''Delonicicolaceae''). |journal=Persoonia |date=2019 |volume=42 |pages=228–260 |doi=10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.09|pmid=31551620 |pmc=6712540 }}</ref> Réblová et al. (2016b) recommended using the name ''Stromatographium'' rather than ''Fluviostroma'' because of its greater use and priority, and also accepted ''Stromatographium'' in order [[Sordariales]].<ref name="Réblová2016c"/>
In multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of [[LSU]], [[Small-subunit ribosomal RNA|SSU]], tef1 and rpb2 sequence data by Maharachchikumbura et al. in 2015,<ref name=Maharachchikumbura2015/> Trichosphaeriaceae had affinities with families ''[[Papulosaceae]]'' and ''[[Thyridiaceae]]'', but they maintained Trichosphaeriaceae as a separate family. However, due to lacking molecular recognition of T. pilosa, the use of Trichosphaeriales in phylogenetic studies was not recommended by Réblová & Gams (2016).<ref name="Réblová2016c"/> Hongsanan et al. in 2017 recognized Trichosphaeriaceae as family [[incertae sedis]] in class [[Diaporthomycetidae]] based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence,<ref name="Hongsanan2017"/> and this treatment was followed by Wijayawardene et al. (2018a).<ref name="Wijayawardene2018"/>

==Hosts==
Certain species in this family are [[Coprophilous fungi|coprophilic]] (dung loving), while other members are saprobic or pathogenic on plants, such as ''[[Chrysopogon zizanioides]]'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hudson |first1=H.J. |title=The perfect state of ''Nigrospora oryzae''. |journal=Transactions of the British Mycological Society |date=1963 |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=355–360|doi=10.1016/S0007-1536(63)80027-3 }}</ref> ''[[Arenga engleri]]'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yanna |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin D. |last3=Goh |first3=T.K. |title=''Koorchaloma novojournalis'' sp. nov., a new sporodochial fungus from Hong Kong. |journal=Fungal Diversity |date=1998 |volume=1 |pages=193–197}}</ref> and ''[[Ulmus minor]]''. (Hudson 1963, Yanna et al. 1998, Calatayud & Aguirre-Hudson 2001).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Calatayud |first1=Vicent |last2=Aguirre-Hudson |first2=Begoña |title=Observations on the genus ''Cresporhaphis'' (Trichosphaeriaceae), with a key to the known species, and ''C. ulmi'' sp. nov. |journal=Mycological Research |date=January 2001 |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=122–126 |doi=10.1017/S0953756200002987}}</ref>


==Genera==
==Genera==
{{div col}}
*''[[Acanthosphaeria]]''
<!-- *''[[Acanthosphaeria]]'' synonym of Chaetosphaeria -->
*''[[Brachysporium]]''
*''[[Collematospora]]''
*''[[Collematospora]]''
*''[[Coniobrevicolla]]''
*''[[Coniobrevicolla]]''
*''[[Cresporhaphis]]''
<!-- *''[[Cresporhaphis]]'' anamorph of genus Leptosillia -->
*''[[Cryptadelphia]]''
*''[[Eriosphaeria]]''
*''[[Eriosphaeria]]''
*''[[Fluviostroma]]''
*''[[Fluviostroma]]''
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*''[[Umbrinosphaeria]]''
*''[[Umbrinosphaeria]]''
*''[[Unisetosphaeria]]''
*''[[Unisetosphaeria]]''
{{div col end}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{reflist}}


<ref name="Barr1990">{{cite journal |last1=Barr |first1=M.E. |title=Prodromus to nonlichenized, pyrenomycetous members of class Hymenoascomycetes. |journal=Mycotaxon |date=1990 |volume=39 |pages=43–184}}</ref>
{{Sordariomycetes-stub}}


<ref name="Boonmee2011">{{cite journal |last1=Boonmee |first1=Saranyaphat |last2=Zhang |first2=Ying |last3=Chomnunti |first3=Putarak |last4=Chukeatirote |first4=Ekachai |last5=Tsui |first5=Clement K. M. |last6=Bahkali |first6=Ali H. |last7=Hyde |first7=Kevin D. |title=Revision of lignicolous ''Tubeufiaceae'' based on morphological reexamination and phylogenetic analysis |journal=Fungal Diversity |date=2011 |volume=51 |pages=63–102|doi=10.1007/s13225-011-0147-4 |s2cid=22946401 }}</ref>
[[Category:Sordariomycetes]]

[[Category:Fungus orders]]
<ref name="Hongsanan2017">{{cite journal |last1=Hongsanan |first1=S. |last2=Maharachchikumbura |first2=S. S. |last3=Hyde |first3=Kevin D. |last4=Samarakoon |first4=M. C. |last5=Jeewon |first5=R. |last6=Zhao |first6=Q. |title=An updated phylogeny of sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. |journal=Fungal Divers. |date=2017 |volume=84 |pages=25–41 |doi=10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2|s2cid=256069071 }}</ref>

<ref name=Maharachchikumbura2015>{{Cite journal|last1=Maharachchikumbura |first1=Sajeewa S. N. |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin D. |last3=Jones |first3=E. B. Gareth|last4=McKenzie |first4=Eric H. C. |last5=Huang |first5=Shi-Ke |last6=Abdel-Wahab |first6=Mohamed A. |last7=Daranagama |first7=Dinushani A.|last8=Dayarathne |first8=Monika |last9=D’souza |first9=Melvina J. |last10=Goonasekara |first10=Ishani D.|last11=Hongsanan |first11=Sinang |date=2015|title=Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13225-015-0331-z|journal=Fungal Diversity|language=en|volume=72|issue=1|pages=199–301|doi=10.1007/s13225-015-0331-z|s2cid=17691274 |issn=1560-2745}}</ref>

<ref name=Maharachchikumbura2016>{{Cite journal|last1=Maharachchikumbura |first1=Sajeewa S. N. |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin D. |last3=Jones |first3=E. B. Gareth |last4=McKenzie |first4=E. H. C. |last5=Bhat |first5=Jayarama D. |last6=Dayarathne |first6=Monika C.|last7=Huang |first7=Shi-Ke |last8=Norphanphoun |first8=Chada |last9=Senanayake |first9=Indunil C. |date=2016-06-03 |title=Families of Sordariomycetes |journal=Fungal Diversity |language=en |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=1–317 |doi=10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6 |s2cid=256070646 |issn=1560-2745}}</ref>

<ref name="Reblova1999">{{cite journal |author=Réblová M. |year=1999 |title=Studies in ''Chaetosphaeria'' ''sensu lato'' II. ''Coniobrevicolla'' gen. & sp. nov. |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=70 |pages=421–429}}</ref>

<ref name="ReblovaBarr2000">{{cite journal |last1=Réblová |first1=Martina |last2=Barr |first2=Margaret E. |title=The genus ''Acanthostigma'' (''Tubeufiaceae'', Pleosporales) |journal=Sydowia |date=December 2000 |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=258–285}}</ref>

<ref name="RéblováSeifert2004">{{cite journal |last1=Réblová |first1=M. |last2=Seifert |first2=K.A. |title=''Cryptadelphia'' (Trichosphaeriales), a new genus for holomorphs with ''Brachysporium'' anamorphs and clarification of the taxonomic status of ''Wallrothiella''. |journal=Mycologia |date=2004 |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=343–367|doi=10.1080/15572536.2005.11832981 |pmid=21148858 |s2cid=26717438 }}</ref>

<ref name="Réblová et al. 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Réblová |first1=Martina |last2=Untereiner |first2=Wendy A. |last3=Štěpánek |first3=Václav |last4=Gams |first4=Walter |title=Disentangling ''Phialophora'' section ''Catenulatae'': disposition of taxa with pigmented conidiophores and recognition of a new subclass, Sclerococcomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes) |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=16 |issue=1 |year=2016 |pages=27–46 |doi=10.1007/s11557-016-1248-y|s2cid=255314698 }}</ref>

<ref name="Réblová2016c">{{cite journal |last1=Réblová |first1=M. |last2=Miller |first2=A.N. |last3=Rossman |first3=A.Y. |last4=Seifert |first4=K.A. |last5=Crous |first5=P.W. |last6=Hawksworth |first6=D.L. |last7=Abdel-Wahab |first7=M.A. |last8=Cannon |first8=P.F. |last9=Daranagama |first9=D.A. |last10=De Beer |first10=Z.W. |last11=Huang |first11=SK |last12=Hyde |first12=Kevin D. |last13=Jayawardena |first13=R. |last14=Jaklitsch |first14=W. |last15=Jones |first15=EBG |last16=Ju |first16=Y.M. |last17=Judith |first17=C. |last18=Maharachchikumbura |first18=S.S.N. |last19=Pang |first19=K.L. |last20=Petrini |first20=L.E. |last21=Raja |first21=H.A. |last22=Romero |first22=A.I. |last23=Shearer |first23=C.A. |last24=Senanayake |first24=I.C. |last25=Voglmayr |first25=H. |last26=Weir |first26=B.S. |last27=Wijayawarden |first27=N.N. |title=Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales). |journal=IMA Fungus |date=2016 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=131–153|doi=10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08 |pmid=27433444 |pmc=4941682 }}</ref>

<ref name="Wijayawardene2018">{{cite journal |last1= Wijayawardene |first1= N.N. |date= 2018 |title= Notes for genera: basal clades of fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota) |journal= Fungal Diversity |volume= 92 |pages= 43–129 |doi= 10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5 |s2cid= 256063936 |url= http://eprints.ibb.waw.pl/1573/1/2018%20Wijayawardene%20et%20al%20basal%20clades_proof.pdf |access-date= 2023-08-11 |archive-date= 2020-09-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200921000353/http://eprints.ibb.waw.pl/1573/1/2018%20Wijayawardene%20et%20al%20basal%20clades_proof.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |first3=Laith Khalil Tawfeeq |last3=Al-Ani |last4=Somayeh |first4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |doi-access=free|hdl=10481/61998 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q2726247|from2=Q10703227}}

[[Category:Trichosphaeriales| ]]
[[Category:Ascomycota orders]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Margaret Elizabeth Barr-Bigelow]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 1983]]


{{Sordariomycetes-stub}}

Latest revision as of 13:37, 5 January 2024

Trichosphaeriales
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Trichosphaeriales
M.E.Barr (1983)[1]
Family: Trichosphaeriaceae
G. Winter, 1885
Families

Trichosphaeriaceae
G.Winter (1885)[2]

The Trichosphaeriales are an order of sac fungi. It is monotypic, and consists of the single family, the Trichosphaeriaceae.[3] In 2017, the family of Trichosphaeriaceae was placed in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis,[4] which was accepted by Wijayawardene et al. (2018),[5] and Wijayawardene et al. 2020.[6] The order of Trichosphaeriales was also unplaced. They are generally saprobic and pathogenic on plants, commonly isolated from herbivore dung.

History

[edit]

German mycologist Heinrich Georg Winter in 1887, introduced family Trichosphaeriaceae with Trichosphaeria as the type genus and seven other astromatic genera.[7] These seven genera were later excluded from Trichosphaeriaceae family by molecular evidence.[8] Margaret E. Barr then founded the Trichosphaeriales Order to hold the family in 1983.[1] She then in 1990, accepted four genera in Trichosphaeriaceae, i.e. Acanthostigma, Eriosphaeria, Rhamphoria, and Trichosphaeria.[9] Later, Acanthostigma was transferred to family Tubeufiaceae (Réblová & Barr 2000,[10] Boonmee et al. 2011,[11] 2014), while genus Rhamphoria was placed in family Annulatascaceae (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b),[12] and then into family Rhamphoriaceae. Genera Collematospora was introduced by Jeng & Cain (1976) who assigned it to Trichosphaeriaceae based on the similar morphology with previously described genera, Eriosphaeria and Trichosphaeria in family Trichosphaeriaceae.[13] Réblová in 1999, introduced Coniobrevicolla and placed it in Trichosphaeriaceae based on the characters of peridium, ascal and hamathecium anatomy.[14] Réblová & Seifert in 2004, found some sexual morphs which produced Brachysporium asexual morphs in culture. On the basis of morphology of perithecia, asci, ascospores and conidiogenesis, genus Brachysporium was then placed in Trichosphaeriaceae.[15] Pinnoi et al. in 2003 described Unisetosphaeria in Trichosphaeriaceae rather than family Chaetosphaeriaceae based on the morphology.[16] Réblová & Gams in 2016 then studied the type material of Acanthosphaeria and relegated this genus to a synonymy of genus Chaetosphaeria.[17] Voglmayr et al. in 2019 transferred all genus Cresporhaphis species including the type to Leptosillia (Leptosilliaceae) and Rhaphidicyrtis (order Pyrenulales) except Cresporhaphis rhoina, although they did not give a clear classification for Cresporhaphis rhoina.[18] Réblová et al. (2016b) recommended using the name Stromatographium rather than Fluviostroma because of its greater use and priority, and also accepted Stromatographium in order Sordariales.[19] In multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of LSU, SSU, tef1 and rpb2 sequence data by Maharachchikumbura et al. in 2015,[8] Trichosphaeriaceae had affinities with families Papulosaceae and Thyridiaceae, but they maintained Trichosphaeriaceae as a separate family. However, due to lacking molecular recognition of T. pilosa, the use of Trichosphaeriales in phylogenetic studies was not recommended by Réblová & Gams (2016).[19] Hongsanan et al. in 2017 recognized Trichosphaeriaceae as family incertae sedis in class Diaporthomycetidae based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence,[4] and this treatment was followed by Wijayawardene et al. (2018a).[5]

Hosts

[edit]

Certain species in this family are coprophilic (dung loving), while other members are saprobic or pathogenic on plants, such as Chrysopogon zizanioides,[20] Arenga engleri,[21] and Ulmus minor. (Hudson 1963, Yanna et al. 1998, Calatayud & Aguirre-Hudson 2001).[22]

Genera

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Barr, M.E. (1983). "The ascomycete connection". Mycologia. 75: 1–13. doi:10.1080/00275514.1983.12021631.
  2. ^ G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., Edn 2 (Leipzig) 1.2: 191 (1885)
  3. ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58.
  4. ^ a b Hongsanan, S.; Maharachchikumbura, S. S.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Samarakoon, M. C.; Jeewon, R.; Zhao, Q. (2017). "An updated phylogeny of sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence". Fungal Divers. 84: 25–41. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2. S2CID 256069071.
  5. ^ a b Wijayawardene, N.N. (2018). "Notes for genera: basal clades of fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 92: 43–129. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5. S2CID 256063936. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-21. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
  6. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
  7. ^ Winter, G. (1887). "Pilze, Ascomyceten". Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz. 1: 1–928.
  8. ^ a b Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, Eric H. C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A.; Daranagama, Dinushani A.; Dayarathne, Monika; D’souza, Melvina J.; Goonasekara, Ishani D.; Hongsanan, Sinang (2015). "Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 72 (1): 199–301. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0331-z. ISSN 1560-2745. S2CID 17691274.
  9. ^ Barr, M.E. (1990). "Prodromus to nonlichenized, pyrenomycetous members of class Hymenoascomycetes". Mycotaxon. 39: 43–184.
  10. ^ Réblová, Martina; Barr, Margaret E. (December 2000). "The genus Acanthostigma (Tubeufiaceae, Pleosporales)". Sydowia. 52 (2): 258–285.
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