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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox
| name = Turkestan tulip
||image = Tulipa_turkestanica.jpg
| image = Tulipa_turkestanica.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
| status = LC
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| status_system = IUCN3.1
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author1 = Wilson, B. | author2 = Sultangaziev, О.E. | author3 = Usupbaev, A. | author4 = Shalpykov, K. | author5 = Ivashenko, A. | author6 = Epiktetov, V. | author7 = Dekhonov, D. | author8 = Beshko, N. | author9 = Boboev, M.| author10 = Dolotbakov, A. | author11 = Ganybaeva, M. | author12 = Lazkov, G. | author13 = Turakulov, T. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Tulipa turkestanica'' | page = e.T184535810A184539403 | year = 2022 | access-date = 18 February 2024}}</ref>
|ordo = [[Liliales]]
| genus = Tulipa
|familia = [[Liliaceae]]
| parent = Tulipa subg. Eriostemones
|genus = ''[[Tulip]]a''
|species = '''''T. turkestanica''''' [[Eduard August von Regel|Regel]]
| species = turkestanica
| authority = ([[Eduard August von Regel|Regel]]) [[Eduard August von Regel|Regel]]<ref name=POWO>{{cite POWO | title = ''Tulipa turkestanica'' | id = 543131-1 | access-date = 18 February 2024}}</ref>
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|binomial = ''Tulipa turkestanica''
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO/>
| synonyms =
* ''Tulipa sylvestris'' var. ''turkestanica'' <small>Regel</small>
}}
}}
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[[File:Tulipa turkestanica a2.jpg|thumb|250px]]
[[File:Tulipa turkestanica macro 1.jpg|thumb|250px]]
'''Tulipa turkestanica''' ('''Turkestan Tulip''') is a species of [[tulip]] native to central [[Asia]]. It was first described by [[Eduard August von Regel]] in 1875.<ref>Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 162</ref>


'''''Tulipa turkestanica''''', the '''Turkestan tulip''', is a species of [[tulip]] native to [[Central Asia]] ([[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]]<ref name=IUCN/> and possibly [[Xinjiang]]<ref name=POWO/>).<ref>Merkodovich, N.A. (ed.) (1941). Flora Uzbekistana 1: 1-566. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.</ref><ref>Nikitina, E.V. & al (eds.) (1951). Flora Kirgizskoi SSR 3: 1-148. Frunze : Izd-vo KirgizFAN SSSR.</ref><ref>Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1963). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 2: 1-454. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.</ref><ref>Czerepanov, S.K. (1995). Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (The Former USSR): 1-516. Cambridge University Press.</ref> It was first described by [[Eduard August von Regel]] in 1873 as a variety of ''[[Tulipa sylvestris|T. sylvestris]],'' then elevated to full species status two years later.<ref>Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 162</ref><ref>Regel, Eduard August von 1875. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. Acta Horti Petropolitani 3(2):296</ref>
== Description ==
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Tulipa turkestanica is a [[herbaceous]] [[bulbous]] perennial growing 10&nbsp;cm to 15&nbsp;cm tall, with 2&ndash;4 glaucous [[leaf|leaves]] up to 15&nbsp;cm long on each stem. The leathery bulb is reddish-brown and has a hairy tunic. The [[flower]]s are white to pinkish-red, with a yellow centre; each plant produces from 1 to 12 star shaped white flowers in early spring. The anthers are dark violet or yellow with a violet tip,<ref>Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 163</ref> which distinguishes it from [[Tulipa biflora|T. biflora]] that has very similar flowers, but yellow anthers.
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[[File:TTurkestanaZwiebel.tif|thumb|right|Bulb of Tulipa turkestanica]]


== Distribution ==
==Description==
⚫
''Tulipa turkestanica'' is a [[herbaceous]], [[bulbous]] perennial growing 10&nbsp;cm to 15&nbsp;cm tall, with 2&ndash;4 thin [[glaucous]] [[leaf|leaves]] up to 15&nbsp;cm long on each stem. The margins and tips have a pinkish colour. The leathery bulb is bright reddish-brown and has a hairy tunic. Each plant produces between one and twelve<ref>1-7 according to Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 339</ref> star-shaped flowers, grouped in a [[raceme]]. The [[flower]]s are ivory white to pinkish red, with a yellow to orange basal blotch, which extends to about a third of the flower. The backs of the outer [[tepals]] are greyish red with a whitish fringe and much wider than the inner [[tepals]], which have a thin, green line on the middle of their outside. The [[Filament (botany)|filaments]] are orange, and the anthers are dark violet or yellow with a violet tip,<ref>Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 163</ref> which distinguishes it from ''[[Tulipa biflora|T. biflora]]'' that has very similar flowers but yellow anthers. It is also slightly smaller and flowers slightly earlier. The flowers only open in direct sunlight. The smell is often described as unpleasant.<ref>"horrible", Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 341</ref> In the wild, it flowers between March and May, depending on the altitude.
[[Pamir Alai]] and [[Tien Shan]]; [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkestan]], [[Iran]] and northwest [[China]].

<ref>[http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/TulipaSpeciesFour Pacific Bulb Society]</ref>
==Distribution==
The Turkestan tulip is found in the [[Pamir Alai]] and [[Tien Shan]]; [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkestan]], [[Iran]] and [[Dzungaria]] in Northwest [[China]].<ref>[http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/TulipaSpeciesFour Pacific Bulb Society]</ref> It grows on stony slopes, river margins and rocky ledges between 1800 and 2500&nbsp;m asl.<ref>Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 341</ref>


==Cultivation and uses==
==Cultivation and uses==
''Tulipa turkestanica'' is an [[ornamental plant]] often grown in [[rock garden]]s, and has fragrant flowers.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/948.shtml BBC Gardening]</ref> It needs full sun. In England, it flowers in early March.<ref>Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 164</ref>
''Tulipa turkestanica'' is an [[ornamental plant]] often grown in [[rock garden]]s.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/948.shtml BBC Gardening]</ref> It needs full sun. In England, it flowers in the middle of March.<ref>Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 164</ref> As other tulips of the Eriostemenes group, ''Tulipa turkestanica'' cannot be crossed with garden tulips.<ref>Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 273</ref>


''Tulipa turkestanica'' has received the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/18552/Tulipa-turkestanica-(15)/Details | title = ''Tulipa turkestanica'' | website = www.rhs.org | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 5 March 2021}}</ref>
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== References ==

<gallery>
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File:Tulipa turkestanica a1.jpg
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File:TTurkestanaZwiebel.tif|Bulb
</gallery>

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==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Commons}}
{{Commons}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2302706}}
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[[Category:Tulipa|turkestanica]]
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[[Category:Flora of Iran]]
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[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:Flora of Uzbekistan]]


⚫
[[Category:Tulipa|turkestanica]]
{{Liliales-stub}}
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[[Category:Ephemeral plants]]
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[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
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[[Category:Plants described in 1873]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Eduard August von Regel]]

Latest revision as of 11:04, 18 February 2024

Turkestan tulip
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Tulipa
Subgenus: Tulipa subg. Eriostemones
Species:
T. turkestanica
Binomial name
Tulipa turkestanica
Synonyms[2]
  • Tulipa sylvestris var. turkestanica Regel

Tulipa turkestanica, the Turkestan tulip, is a species of tulip native to Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan[1] and possibly Xinjiang[2]).[3][4][5][6] It was first described by Eduard August von Regel in 1873 as a variety of T. sylvestris, then elevated to full species status two years later.[7][8]

Description

[edit]

Tulipa turkestanica is a herbaceous, bulbous perennial growing 10 cm to 15 cm tall, with 2–4 thin glaucous leaves up to 15 cm long on each stem. The margins and tips have a pinkish colour. The leathery bulb is bright reddish-brown and has a hairy tunic. Each plant produces between one and twelve[9] star-shaped flowers, grouped in a raceme. The flowers are ivory white to pinkish red, with a yellow to orange basal blotch, which extends to about a third of the flower. The backs of the outer tepals are greyish red with a whitish fringe and much wider than the inner tepals, which have a thin, green line on the middle of their outside. The filaments are orange, and the anthers are dark violet or yellow with a violet tip,[10] which distinguishes it from T. biflora that has very similar flowers but yellow anthers. It is also slightly smaller and flowers slightly earlier. The flowers only open in direct sunlight. The smell is often described as unpleasant.[11] In the wild, it flowers between March and May, depending on the altitude.

Distribution

[edit]

The Turkestan tulip is found in the Pamir Alai and Tien Shan; Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkestan, Iran and Dzungaria in Northwest China.[12] It grows on stony slopes, river margins and rocky ledges between 1800 and 2500 m asl.[13]

Cultivation and uses

[edit]

Tulipa turkestanica is an ornamental plant often grown in rock gardens.[14] It needs full sun. In England, it flowers in the middle of March.[15] As other tulips of the Eriostemenes group, Tulipa turkestanica cannot be crossed with garden tulips.[16]

Tulipa turkestanica has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[17]

  • Bulb
    Bulb

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Wilson, B.; Sultangaziev, О.E.; Usupbaev, A.; Shalpykov, K.; Ivashenko, A.; Epiktetov, V.; Dekhonov, D.; Beshko, N.; Boboev, M.; Dolotbakov, A.; Ganybaeva, M.; Lazkov, G. & Turakulov, T. (2022). "Tulipa turkestanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T184535810A184539403. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "Tulipa turkestanica". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  3. ^ Merkodovich, N.A. (ed.) (1941). Flora Uzbekistana 1: 1-566. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  4. ^ Nikitina, E.V. & al (eds.) (1951). Flora Kirgizskoi SSR 3: 1-148. Frunze : Izd-vo KirgizFAN SSSR.
  5. ^ Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1963). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 2: 1-454. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  6. ^ Czerepanov, S.K. (1995). Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (The Former USSR): 1-516. Cambridge University Press.
  7. ^ Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 162
  8. ^ Regel, Eduard August von 1875. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. Acta Horti Petropolitani 3(2):296
  9. ^ 1-7 according to Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 339
  10. ^ Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 163
  11. ^ "horrible", Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 341
  12. ^ Pacific Bulb Society
  13. ^ Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 341
  14. ^ BBC Gardening
  15. ^ Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 164
  16. ^ Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 273
  17. ^ "Tulipa turkestanica". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
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