Keningau Oath Stone: Difference between revisions

Keningau Oath Stone
Batu Sumpah Keningau
	5°20′34.49″N 116°9′41.89″E / 5.3429139°N 116.1616361°E
Location	Keningau, Sabah
Designer	Garukon Gurun
Type	Megalithic
Material	Stone
Dedicated to	Agreement between Interior Sabahan and Malaysian Government

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The Keningau Oath Stone (Malay: Batu Sumpah Keningau) is a monument in Keningau, Sabah which was specially erected to commemorate the merger of the British Crown Colony of North Borneo with the former colony of Sarawak and states of the Federation of Malaya to form Malaysia.^[1]

History

Reservations to the formation of Malaysia

The proposal to form a larger federation of Malaysia comprising the recently independent nation of the Federation of Malaya, the British protectorate of Brunei, and the crown colonies of North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore had met with some initial opposition from influential community leaders in the respective territories.

The North Borneo Legislative Council finally agreed to accede to the Malaysia Agreement on 12 September 1962 after presenting the 20-point agreement written by Donald Stephens during the negotiations to form Malaysia.^[2] Despite this development, considerable apprehension and reservations still existed among the traditional native chiefs of Sabah known as the Orang Kaya-Kaya regarding the rights of the state within the new federation.^[3]

Guarantees set in stone

One of the original stone retriever also request for correction on the stone origin as the stone is retrieved from the Senagang River, not Pegalan River as stated in current source.^[1]

After a series of discussion and consultation, a proposal was made by the State Legislative Opposition Leader cum traditional native chief, G. S. Sundang and his brother Datuk OKK Sedomon of the United Pasok-Momogun Kadazan Organisation (later re-organised as the United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation) to erect an oath stone summarising the guarantees given by the Malaysian government to Sabah while reiterating the loyalty of the people of the Interior to Malaysia.^[4] However, according to Zainnal Ajamain, a Sabah historian, G.S. Sundang did not endorse on the "minimum safeguards" for Sabah before entering the federation, while advocating complete "state rights" like other states in Malaysia such as Penang and Malacca. Sundang carved stone out of frustration.^[5]

There are many stones taken and collected from surrounding areas of Keningau such as Bandukan, Bayayo, Dangulad, Senagang, Tuarid, and Ulu Liawan but they are not suitable and are easily broken. The District Officer of Keningau, Richard Lind (later to become the State Secretary of Sabah), was charged to oversee the erection of the oath stone. A suitable boulder was taken from the Pegalan River near Kampung Dangulad (a small village in Keningau) and carved by Garukon Gurun, former Sergeant Major of the legendary North Borneo Constabulary. A plaque was commissioned and made by the Thornycroft Shipyard in Singapore to be affixed to the stone.^[3]

Oath stone unveiled

The Keningau Oath Stone was unveiled and officiated on 31 August 1964 at the compound of the old Keningau District Office. The event was officiated by the Federal Minister of Labour, V. Manickavasagam, and witnessed by state government officials and community leaders including the Chief Minister, Muhammad Fuad Stephens, the leader of the United Pasokmomogun Organisation, G. S. Sundang as well as the OCPD of Keningau, Ajamain Duraman and other traditional native chiefs.^[3]

A maningolig ritual with an animal sacrifice by a bobolian (traditional priest) was held in accordance with the traditional beliefs of the Dusun people to bind the guarantees.^[4]

Malaysia Day 2010

In commemoration of Malaysia Day in 2010, Parti Keadilan Rakyat led by state party leader, Jeffrey Kitingan, re-enacted the maningolig ritual at the monument. The sacrificed rooster was later found to be alive despite having its neck slit. Kitingan noted that this was possibly a "symbolic reminder that not all the terms of the Malaysia Agreement had been honoured".^[6]

Oath stone relocation and plaque restoration

During Malaysia Day celebration on 16 September 2014, the inscription of the stone was found to have been tampered with. The words "Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin" (The Government of Malaysia guarantees) were removed from below the title "Batu Sumpah Peringatan Mengikut Parlambaga'an" (Memorial Oath Stone according to the Constitution).^[7]^[8]^[9]

On 6 July 2015, the original plaque of the inscription was reportedly found by a resident in Kampung Apin-Apin. The plaque was later handed over to Sabah state assemblyman Jeffrey Kitingan.^[10] Meanwhile, Jeffrey has decided to hand over the plaque to Sabah chief minister Musa Aman in the next Sabah State Legislative Assembly sitting.^[11] However, Sabah Museum Director, Joanna Kitingan, who is Jeffrey's sister, expressed doubt about the originality of the newly discovered plaque.^[12]

On 30 January 2015, it was proposed that the oath stone would be relocated to the compound of Keningau Land and Survey Department with the missing words reinstated.^[13] In February 2016, the oath stone was proposed to be moved to Keningau Heritage Museum and will be gazetted as National Heritage Site.^[14]

The continuous delaying for relocation as well with the high cost reason for restoration from the federal government have been criticised by Sabahan politicians and perceived by them as the federal government not having an intention to keep its promise.^[15]^[16] However, despite the persistent delays, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department, Joseph Kurup, pledged that the stone would be restored and relocated with the missing words of 'Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin'.^[17] Around RM1.025 million have been allocated by the federal government for the relocation to a site near the Keningau Heritage Museum.^[18] Malaysian Tourism and Culture Minister Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz said the relocation would enable more people and tourists to come and appreciate the history behind the Oath Stone and it would be gazetted under the State Cultural Heritage Enactment (Preservation 1997) after the relocation.^[19]

In September 2018, the oath stone was relocated to Keningau Heritage museum with the three missing words restored.^[20]^[21]

Plaque inscription

The inscription on the plaque affixed to the Keningau Oath Stone is in the Malay language written in the old spelling system (pre-1972 Spelling Reform):^[22]

Batu Sumpah Peringatan Mengikut Parlambaga'an
Ugama Bebas Dalam Sabah

Tanah2 Dalam Sabah Di-Kuasa Oleh Kerajaan Sabah

Adat Istiadat Anak Rayat Sabah Di-hormatkan dan Di-pelihara Oleh Kerajaan
Sebalek Pula Rayat2 Sabah di Interior Bersumpah Ta'at Setia Kapada Kerajaan Malaysia

Translated, it reads:

Memorial Oath Stone according to the Constitution
Freedom of Religion in Sabah

The Government of Sabah Holds Authority over Land in Sabah

Native Customs and Traditions Will Be Respected and Upheld by the Government
In Return, the People of Sabah's Interior Pledges Loyalty to the Government of Malaysia

References

^ ^a ^b "Forgotten men who laboured over oath stone". Bernama. The Star. 19 September 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
^ A J Stockwell, ed. (2004), British Documents on the End of Empire, B, vol. 8, Norwich, UK: TSO (The Stationery Office), pp. 386 [141], ISBN 0-11-290581-1, retrieved 16 September 2010
^ ^a ^b ^c Madi, Emin (29 November 2010). "The story behind Keningau's Oath Stone". Bernama. BERNAMA. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
^ ^a ^b Jumat, Rozie (18 September 2010). "Batu Sumpah Atau Sumpah-Sumpah?". Sabahkini (in Malay). Sabahkini. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
^ Lim, David CC (24 March 2024). "Query on PDA with emergency lifted". Daily Express Sabah. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
^ "Sacrifical Batu Sumpah rooster survives ritual". Daily Express. Daily Express (Sabah). 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 June 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
^ Vanar, Muguntan (19 September 2014). "Oath Stone tampered with". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 6 July 2015.
^ Sokial, Sandra (19 September 2014). "Sabah leaders see red over omitted words on historical Batu Sumpah". The Rakyat Post. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
^ Fernandez, Joe (19 September 2014). "Pairin upset Batu Sumpah was tampered with". Free Malaysia Today. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
^ "Hand over oath stone to police – DAP". The Borneo Post. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
^ "Plaque to be handed over during State Assembly". New Sabah Times. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
^ "Kitingan suggests oath stone plaque in Kitingan's hands may not be the original". Kinabalu Today. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
^ Lee, Stephanie (30 January 2015). "Joseph Kurup: Oath Stone to be relocated". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 15 February 2016.
^ "Nazri announces National Heritage Site and 'Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin' to be reinstated". The Borneo Post. 13 February 2016. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
^ "No excuse for delay on Oath Stone: Jeffrey". Daily Express. 15 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
^ "Restoring Oath Stone shouldn't cost million$: Sipaun". Daily Express. 18 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
^ "Oath Stone will be restored, pledges Kurup". Daily Express. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
^ Stephanie Lee (2 May 2017). "Sabah's Oath Stone to get a permanent home". The Star. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
^ Uhim Wong; James Sarda (3 May 2017). "RM1m Oath Stone relocation soon". Daily Express. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
^ Stephanie, Lee (12 September 2018). "A home for oath stone at last". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
^ Johan Aziz (4 January 2019). "Warisan praised for restoring words". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
^ Haji Omar, Asmah (1989). "The Malay Spelling Reform". Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society. 1989–2: 9–13. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2010.

[stone_origin-1] "Forgotten men who laboured over oath stone". Bernama. The Star. 19 September 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2019.

[A_J_Stockwell-2] A J Stockwell, ed. (2004), British Documents on the End of Empire, B, vol. 8, Norwich, UK: TSO (The Stationery Office), pp. 386 [141], ISBN 0-11-290581-1, retrieved 16 September 2010

[Bernama_20101129-3] Madi, Emin (29 November 2010). "The story behind Keningau's Oath Stone". Bernama. BERNAMA. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2010.

[Sabahkini-4] Jumat, Rozie (18 September 2010). "Batu Sumpah Atau Sumpah-Sumpah?". Sabahkini (in Malay). Sabahkini. Retrieved 29 November 2010.

[Lim_2024-5] Lim, David CC (24 March 2024). "Query on PDA with emergency lifted". Daily Express Sabah. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

[6] "Sacrifical Batu Sumpah rooster survives ritual". Daily Express. Daily Express (Sabah). 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 June 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2010.

[7] Vanar, Muguntan (19 September 2014). "Oath Stone tampered with". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 6 July 2015.

[8] Sokial, Sandra (19 September 2014). "Sabah leaders see red over omitted words on historical Batu Sumpah". The Rakyat Post. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2015.

[9] Fernandez, Joe (19 September 2014). "Pairin upset Batu Sumpah was tampered with". Free Malaysia Today. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.

[10] "Hand over oath stone to police – DAP". The Borneo Post. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.

[11] "Plaque to be handed over during State Assembly". New Sabah Times. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.

[12] "Kitingan suggests oath stone plaque in Kitingan's hands may not be the original". Kinabalu Today. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.

[13] Lee, Stephanie (30 January 2015). "Joseph Kurup: Oath Stone to be relocated". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 15 February 2016.

[14] "Nazri announces National Heritage Site and 'Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin' to be reinstated". The Borneo Post. 13 February 2016. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

[15] "No excuse for delay on Oath Stone: Jeffrey". Daily Express. 15 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.

[16] "Restoring Oath Stone shouldn't cost million$: Sipaun". Daily Express. 18 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.

[17] "Oath Stone will be restored, pledges Kurup". Daily Express. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.

[18] Stephanie Lee (2 May 2017). "Sabah's Oath Stone to get a permanent home". The Star. Retrieved 6 May 2017.

[19] Uhim Wong; James Sarda (3 May 2017). "RM1m Oath Stone relocation soon". Daily Express. Retrieved 4 May 2017.

[20] Stephanie, Lee (12 September 2018). "A home for oath stone at last". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2019.

[21] Johan Aziz (4 January 2019). "Warisan praised for restoring words". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2019.

[22] Haji Omar, Asmah (1989). "The Malay Spelling Reform". Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society. 1989–2: 9–13. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2010.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{EngvarB|date=May 2017}}
+{{EngvarB|date=October 2017}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
 {{Infobox monument
 |monument_name = Keningau Oath Stone
 |native_name   = Batu Sumpah Keningau
-|image         = Keningau_Sabah_BatuSumpahKeningau-01.jpg
+|image         = Keningau Sabah BatuSumpahKeningau-01.jpg
 |caption       =
 |location      = Keningau, Sabah
 |designer      = Garukon Gurun
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 |height        =
 |begin         =
 |complete      =
 |open          =
-|dedicated_to  = Agreement between Interior Sabahan and Malaysia Government
+|dedicated_to  = Agreement between Interior Sabahan and Malaysian Government
 |map_image     =
 |map_caption   =
 |map_width     =
 |coordinates   = {{coord|5|20|34.49|N|116|9|41.89|E|region:MY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
 |lat           =
 |long          =
 |extra         =
 }}
 {{Formation of Malaysia}}
-[[File:Keningau Sabah BatuSumpahKeningau-02.jpg|thumbnail|Informations about ''Batu Sumpah Keningau'' at the District Office]]
+[[File:Keningau Sabah BatuSumpahKeningau-02.jpg|thumbnail|Information about ''Batu Sumpah Keningau'' at the District Office]]
-The '''Keningau Oath Stone''' ({{lang-ms|Batu Sumpah Keningau}}) is a [[monument]] in [[Keningau]], [[Sabah]] erected to commemorate the terms in which the former [[British Crown Colony]] of [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]] joined the former colony of [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]] and the other states of the [[Federation of Malaya]] to form [[Malaysia]].
+The '''Keningau Oath Stone''' ({{lang-ms|Batu Sumpah Keningau}}) is a [[monument]] in [[Keningau]], [[Sabah]] which was specially erected to commemorate the merger of the [[British Crown Colony]] of [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]] with the former colony of [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]] and states of the [[Federation of Malaya]] to form [[Malaysia]].<ref name="stone origin">{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/09/19/forgotten-men-who-laboured-over-oath-stone/|title=Forgotten men who laboured over oath stone|work=Bernama|publisher=The Star|date=19 September 2018|access-date=22 January 2019}}</ref>
 == History ==
 === Reservations to the formation of Malaysia ===
-The proposal to form a larger federation of Malaysia comprising the recently independent nation of the [[Federation of Malaya]], the British protectorate of [[History of Brunei#British protectorate|Brunei]], and the British Crown Colonies of [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]], [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]] and [[Singapore]] had met with some initial opposition from influential community leaders within the respective territories.
+The proposal to form a larger federation of Malaysia comprising the recently independent nation of the [[Federation of Malaya]], the British protectorate of [[History of Brunei#British protectorate|Brunei]], and the crown colonies of [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]], [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]] and [[Singapore]] had met with some initial opposition from influential community leaders in the respective territories.
-The North Borneo Legislative Council finally agreed to accede to the Malaysia Agreement on 12 September 1962 after presenting the [[20-point agreement (Sabah)|20-point agreement]] written by [[Fuad Stephens]] during the negotiations to form Malaysia.<ref name = "A J Stockwell">
+The North Borneo Legislative Council finally agreed to accede to the [[Malaysia Agreement]] on 12 September 1962 after presenting the [[20-point agreement (Sabah)|20-point agreement]] written by [[Fuad Stephens|Donald Stephens]] during the negotiations to form Malaysia.<ref name = "A J Stockwell">
-{{Citation| editor = A J Stockwell| title = British Documents on the End of Empire| series = B| volume = 8| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA386&dq=%22twenty+point%22+borneo&hl=en&ei=1AiRTILvOMm2ca2vkbgM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22twenty%20point%22%20borneo&f=false| accessdate = 16 September 2010| year = 2004| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)| publication-place = Norwich, UK| isbn = 0-11-290581-1| pages = 386 [141]| quote=}}</ref> Despite this development, considerable apprehension and reservations still existed among the traditional native chiefs of Sabah known as the ''Orang Kaya-Kaya'' regarding the rights of the state within the new federation.<ref name="Bernama 20101129">{{cite news | first = Emin | last = Madi | title = The story behind Keningau's Oath Stone | date = 29 November 2010 | publisher = [[BERNAMA]] | url = http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsfeatures.php?id=546176 | work = Bernama | accessdate = 29 November 2010}}</ref>
+{{Citation| editor = A J Stockwell| title = British Documents on the End of Empire| series = B| volume = 8| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&q=%22twenty+point%22+borneo&pg=PA386| access-date = 16 September 2010| year = 2004| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)| location = Norwich, UK| isbn = 0-11-290581-1| pages = 386 [141]}}</ref> Despite this development, considerable apprehension and reservations still existed among the traditional native chiefs of [[Sabah]] known as the ''Orang Kaya-Kaya'' regarding the rights of the state within the new federation.<ref name="Bernama 20101129">{{cite news | first = Emin | last = Madi | title = The story behind Keningau's Oath Stone | date = 29 November 2010 | publisher = [[BERNAMA]] | url = http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsfeatures.php?id=546176 | work = Bernama | access-date = 29 November 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101226150936/http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsfeatures.php?id=546176 | archive-date = 26 December 2010 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
 === Guarantees set in stone ===
+One of the original stone retriever also request for correction on the stone origin as the stone is retrieved from the Senagang River, not Pegalan River as stated in current source.<ref name="stone origin"/>
-After a series of discussion and consultation, a proposal was made by the State Legislative Opposition Leader and traditional native chief, [[G. S. Sundang]] and his brother Datuk OKK Sedomon of the United Pasok-Momogun Kadazan Organisation (later re-organised as the [[United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation]], to erect an oath stone summarising the guarantees given by the Malaysian government to Sabah while reiterating the loyalty of the people of the [[Interior Division|Interior]] to Malaysia.<ref name="Sabahkini">{{cite news | first = Rozie | last = Jumat | title = Batu Sumpah Atau Sumpah-Sumpah? | date = 18 September 2010 | publisher = Sabahkini | url = http://www.sabahkini.net/v1/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4936:batu-sumpah-atau-sumpah-sumpah&catid=35:berita-sabah&Itemid=27 | work = Sabahkini | accessdate = 29 November 2010 | language = Malay}}</ref>
+After a series of discussion and consultation, a proposal was made by the State Legislative Opposition Leader cum traditional native chief, [[:ms:Samson Sundang Gunsanad|G. S. Sundang]] and his brother [[Sedomon Gunsanad Kina|Datuk OKK Sedomon]] of the United Pasok-Momogun Kadazan Organisation (later re-organised as the [[United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation]]) to erect an oath stone summarising the guarantees given by the Malaysian government to Sabah while reiterating the loyalty of the people of the [[Interior Division|Interior]] to Malaysia.<ref name="Sabahkini">{{cite news | first = Rozie | last = Jumat | title = Batu Sumpah Atau Sumpah-Sumpah? | date = 18 September 2010 | publisher = Sabahkini | url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724051858/http://www.sabahkini.net/v1/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4936:batu-sumpah-atau-sumpah-sumpah&catid=35:berita-sabah&Itemid=27 | work = Sabahkini | access-date = 29 November 2010 | language = ms}}</ref> However, according to Zainnal Ajamain, a Sabah historian, G.S. Sundang did not endorse on the "minimum safeguards" for Sabah before entering the federation, while advocating complete "state rights" like other states in Malaysia such as Penang and Malacca. Sundang carved stone out of frustration.<ref name="Lim 2024">{{cite news |last1=Lim |first1=David CC |title=Query on PDA with emergency lifted |url=https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/5516/query-on-pda-with-emergency-lifted/ |access-date=21 April 2024 |publisher=Daily Express Sabah |date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421144313/https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/5516/query-on-pda-with-emergency-lifted/ |archive-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>
-The District Officer of Keningau, [[Richard Lind]] (later to become the State Secretary of Sabah), was charged to oversee the erection of the oath stone and suitable boulder was taken from the Pegalan River near Kampung Dangulad, a small village in [[Keningau]] and carved by [[Garukon Gurun]], former Sergeant Major of the legendary North Borneo Constabulary. A plaque was commissioned and made by the [[John I. Thornycroft & Company|Thornycroft Shipyard]] in Singapore to be affixed to the stone.<ref name="Bernama 20101129" />
+There are many stones taken and collected from surrounding areas of Keningau such as Bandukan, Bayayo, Dangulad, Senagang, Tuarid, and Ulu Liawan but they are not suitable and are easily broken. The District Officer of Keningau, [[Richard Lind]] (later to become the State Secretary of Sabah), was charged to oversee the erection of the oath stone. A suitable boulder was taken from the Pegalan River near Kampung Dangulad (a small village in [[Keningau]]) and carved by Garukon Gurun, former Sergeant Major of the legendary North Borneo Constabulary. A plaque was commissioned and made by the [[John I. Thornycroft & Company|Thornycroft Shipyard]] in Singapore to be affixed to the stone.<ref name="Bernama 20101129" />
 === Oath stone unveiled ===
 [[File:Fuad Stephens officiating Keningau Oath Stone.jpg|thumb|right|[[Fuad Stephens|Donald Stephens]] officiating the oath stone on 31 August 1964, an important agreement remembrance that has been promised between Sabahans and the [[Government of Malaysia|Malaysian federal government]].]]
-The Keningau Oath Stone was finally unveiled and officiated on 31 August 1964 at the compound of the old Keningau District Office. The event was officiated by the Federal Minister of Labour, [[V. Manickavasagam]] and witnessed by state officials and community leaders including the Chief Minister, [[Fuad Stephens|Donald Stephens]] of the United National Kadazan Organisation, [[G. S. Sundang]], [[Ajamain Duraman]] the Chief of Police in Keningau,  and other traditional native chiefs.<ref name="Bernama 20101129" />
+The Keningau Oath Stone was unveiled and officiated on 31 August 1964 at the compound of the old Keningau District Office. The event was officiated by the Federal Minister of Labour, [[V. Manickavasagam]], and witnessed by state government officials and community leaders including the Chief Minister, [[Muhammad Fuad Stephens]], the leader of the United Pasokmomogun Organisation, [[:ms:Samson Sundang Gunsanad|G. S. Sundang]] as well as the OCPD of Keningau, Ajamain Duraman and other traditional native chiefs.<ref name="Bernama 20101129" />
-A '''Maningolig''' ritual with an animal sacrifice by a '''Bobolian''' (traditional priest) was held in accordance with the traditional beliefs of the [[Dusun people|Dusun]] people to bind the guarantees.<ref name="Sabahkini" />
+A ''maningolig'' ritual with an animal sacrifice by a ''bobolian'' (traditional priest) was held in accordance with the traditional beliefs of the [[Dusun people|Dusun]] people to bind the guarantees.<ref name="Sabahkini" />
+=== Malaysia Day 2010 ===
+In commemoration of [[Malaysia Day]] in 2010, [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat]] led by state party leader, [[Jeffrey Kitingan]], re-enacted the ''maningolig'' ritual at the monument. The sacrificed rooster was later found to be alive despite having its neck slit. Kitingan noted that this was  possibly a "symbolic reminder that not all the terms of the Malaysia Agreement had been honoured".<ref>{{cite news|title=Sacrifical Batu Sumpah rooster survives ritual |date=19 October 2010 |publisher=[[Daily Express (Sabah)]] |url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=75276 |work=Daily Express |access-date=29 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621234018/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=75276 |archive-date=21 June 2011 }}</ref>
+=== Oath stone relocation and plaque restoration ===
+During Malaysia Day celebration on 16 September 2014, the inscription of the stone was found to have been tampered with. The words "Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin" (The Government of Malaysia guarantees) were removed from below the title "Batu Sumpah Peringatan Mengikut Parlambaga'an" (Memorial Oath Stone according to the Constitution).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vanar|first1=Muguntan|title=Oath Stone tampered with|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/09/19/Oath-Stone-tampered-with-Recent-discovery-finds-three-vital-words-no-longer-on-inscription/|access-date=6 July 2015|work=The Star (Malaysia)|date=19 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sokial|first1=Sandra|title=Sabah leaders see red over omitted words on historical Batu Sumpah|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/09/19/sabah-leaders-see-red-omitted-wordings-historical-batu-sumpah/|access-date=6 July 2015|publisher=The Rakyat Post|date=19 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922062553/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/09/19/sabah-leaders-see-red-omitted-wordings-historical-batu-sumpah/|archive-date=22 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fernandez|first1=Joe|title=Pairin upset Batu Sumpah was tampered with|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/09/19/pairin-upset-batu-sumpah-was-tampered-with/|access-date=6 July 2015|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=19 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522224628/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/09/19/pairin-upset-batu-sumpah-was-tampered-with/|archive-date=22 May 2015}}</ref>
+On 6 July 2015, the original plaque of the inscription was reportedly found by a resident in Kampung Apin-Apin. The plaque was later handed over to Sabah state assemblyman [[Jeffrey Kitingan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hand over oath stone to police – DAP|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/06/hand-over-oath-stone-to-police-dap/|access-date=6 July 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706232334/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/06/hand-over-oath-stone-to-police-dap/|archive-date=6 July 2015 }}</ref> Meanwhile, Jeffrey has decided to hand over the plaque to Sabah chief minister [[Musa Aman]] in the next [[Sabah State Legislative Assembly]] sitting.<ref>{{cite news|title=Plaque to be handed over during State Assembly|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/89158|access-date=6 July 2015|publisher=New Sabah Times|date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706233722/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/89158|archive-date=6 July 2015}}</ref> However, Sabah Museum Director, Joanna Kitingan, who is Jeffrey's sister, expressed doubt about the originality of the newly discovered plaque.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kitingan suggests oath stone plaque in Kitingan's hands may not be the original|url=http://www.kinabalutoday.com/index.php/home-2/local-news/9563-kitingan-suggests-oath-stone-plaque-in-kitingan-s-hands-may-not-be-the-original|access-date=6 July 2015|publisher=Kinabalu Today|date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706233315/http://www.kinabalutoday.com/index.php/home-2/local-news/9563-kitingan-suggests-oath-stone-plaque-in-kitingan-s-hands-may-not-be-the-original|archive-date=6 July 2015}}</ref>
+On 30 January 2015, it was proposed that the oath stone would be relocated to the compound of Keningau Land and Survey Department with the missing words reinstated.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Stephanie|title=Joseph Kurup: Oath Stone to be relocated|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/01/30/joseph-kurup-oath-stone/|access-date=15 February 2016|work=The Star (Malaysia)|date=30 January 2015}}</ref> In February 2016, the oath stone was proposed to be moved to [[Keningau Heritage Museum]] and will be gazetted as National Heritage Site.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nazri announces National Heritage Site and 'Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin' to be reinstated|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/02/13/nazri-announces-national-heritage-site-and-kerajaan-malaysia-jamin-to-be-reinstated/|access-date=15 February 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=13 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213092656/http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/02/13/nazri-announces-national-heritage-site-and-kerajaan-malaysia-jamin-to-be-reinstated/|archive-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>
+The continuous delaying for relocation as well with the high cost reason for restoration from the federal government have been criticised by Sabahan politicians and perceived by them as the federal government not having an intention to keep its promise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=112832|title=No excuse for delay on Oath Stone: Jeffrey|publisher=Daily Express|date=15 September 2016|access-date=18 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=112879|title=Restoring Oath Stone shouldn't cost million$: Sipaun|publisher=Daily Express|date=18 September 2016|access-date=18 September 2016}}</ref> However, despite the persistent delays, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department, [[Joseph Kurup]], pledged that the stone would be restored and relocated with the missing words of 'Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=112904|title=Oath Stone will be restored, pledges Kurup|publisher=Daily Express|date=20 September 2016|access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> Around [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]1.025 million have been allocated by the federal government for the relocation to a site near the Keningau Heritage Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/05/02/sabah-oath-stone-to-get-permanent-home/|title=Sabah's Oath Stone to get a permanent home|author=Stephanie Lee|work=The Star|date=2 May 2017|access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref> Malaysian Tourism and Culture Minister [[Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz]] said the relocation would enable more people and tourists to come and appreciate the history behind the Oath Stone and it would be gazetted under the State Cultural Heritage Enactment (Preservation 1997) after the relocation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=117499|title=RM1m Oath Stone relocation soon|author1=Uhim Wong|author2=James Sarda|publisher=Daily Express|date=3 May 2017|access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref>
+In September 2018, the oath stone was relocated to Keningau Heritage museum with the three missing words restored.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stephanie |first1=Lee |title=A home for oath stone at last |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/12/a-home-for-oath-stone-at-last-historical-artefact-can-be-viewed-at-sabah-muzium-from-sept-16/ |access-date=21 April 2019 |work=The Star (Malaysia) |date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205211306/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/12/a-home-for-oath-stone-at-last-historical-artefact-can-be-viewed-at-sabah-muzium-from-sept-16/ |archive-date=5 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=130072|title=Warisan praised for restoring words|author=Johan Aziz|publisher=Daily Express|date=4 January 2019|access-date=22 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122160028/http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=130072|archive-date=22 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 == Plaque inscription ==
-The inscription on the plaque affixed to the Keningau Oath Stone is in the [[Malay language]] written in the old spelling system (pre-1972 Spelling Reform):<ref>{{cite journal | title = The Malay Spelling Reform | journal = Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society | year = 1989 | first = Asmah | last = Haji Omar | volume = 1989-2 | pages = 9–13| id =   | url = http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php | accessdate = 29 November 2010}}</ref>
+The inscription on the plaque affixed to the Keningau Oath Stone is in the [[Malay language]] written in the old spelling system (pre-1972 Spelling Reform):<ref>{{cite journal | title = The Malay Spelling Reform | journal = Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society | year = 1989 | first = Asmah | last = Haji Omar | volume = 1989-2 | pages = 9–13 | url = http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php | access-date = 29 November 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100706054017/http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php | archive-date = 6 July 2010 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
 <blockquote>'''Batu Sumpah Peringatan Mengikut Parlambaga'an'''
@@ Line 67: / Line 83: @@
 In Return, the People of Sabah's Interior Pledges Loyalty to the Government of Malaysia</blockquote>
-== Trivia ==
-In commemoration of Malaysia Day in 2010, [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat]] led by state party leader, [[Jeffrey Kitingan]], re-enacted the '''Maningolig''' ritual at the monument. The sacrificed rooster was later found to be alive despite having its neck slit. Jeffrey Kitingan noted that this was  possibly a ''symbolic reminder that not all the terms of the Malaysia Agreement had been honoured''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sacrifical Batu Sumpah rooster survives ritual |date=19 October 2010 |publisher=[[Daily Express (Sabah)]] |url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=75276 |work=Daily Express |accessdate=29 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621234018/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=75276 |archivedate=21 June 2011 |df= }}</ref>
-== Controversy and criticism ==
-During Malaysia Day celebration on 16 September 2014, the inscription of the stone was found to have been tampered with. The three words "Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin" (The Government of Malaysia guarantees) was removed from below the title "Batu Sumpah Peringatan Mengikut Parlambaga'an" (Memorial Oath Stone according to the Constitution).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vanar|first1=Mugutan|title=Oath Stone tampered with|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/09/19/Oath-Stone-tampered-with-Recent-discovery-finds-three-vital-words-no-longer-on-inscription/|accessdate=6 July 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=19 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sokial|first1=Sandra|title=Sabah leaders see red over omitted words on historical Batu Sumpah|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/09/19/sabah-leaders-see-red-omitted-wordings-historical-batu-sumpah/|accessdate=6 July 2015|publisher=The Rakyat Post|date=19 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922062553/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/09/19/sabah-leaders-see-red-omitted-wordings-historical-batu-sumpah/|archivedate=22 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fernandez|first1=Joe|title=Pairin upset Batu Sumpah was tampered with|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/09/19/pairin-upset-batu-sumpah-was-tampered-with/|accessdate=6 July 2015|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=19 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522224628/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/09/19/pairin-upset-batu-sumpah-was-tampered-with/|archivedate=22 May 2015}}</ref>  On 6 July 2015, the original plaque of the inscription was reportedly found by a resident staying in Kampung Apin-Apin. The plaque was later handed over to Sabah state assemblyman [[Jeffrey Kitingan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hand over oath stone to police – DAP|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/06/hand-over-oath-stone-to-police-dap/|accessdate=6 July 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=6 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706232334/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/06/hand-over-oath-stone-to-police-dap/|archivedate=6 July 2015 }}</ref> Meanwhile, Jeffrey has decided to hand over the plaque to Sabah chief minister [[Musa Aman]] in the next [[Sabah State Legislative Assembly]] sitting.<ref>{{cite news|title=Plaque to be handed over during State Assembly|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/89158|accessdate=6 July 2015|publisher=New Sabah Times|date=6 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706233722/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/89158|archivedate=6 July 2015}}</ref> However, Sabah Museum Director, Joanna Kitingan, who is also Jeffrey's sister, expressed doubt about the originality of the newly discovered plaque.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kitingan suggests oath stone plaque in Kitingan's hands may not be the original|url=http://www.kinabalutoday.com/index.php/home-2/local-news/9563-kitingan-suggests-oath-stone-plaque-in-kitingan-s-hands-may-not-be-the-original|accessdate=6 July 2015|publisher=Kinabalu Today|date=6 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706233315/http://www.kinabalutoday.com/index.php/home-2/local-news/9563-kitingan-suggests-oath-stone-plaque-in-kitingan-s-hands-may-not-be-the-original|archivedate=6 July 2015}}</ref>
-On 30 January 2015, it was proposed that the oath stone would be relocated to the compound of Keningau Land and Survey Department with the missing words reinstated.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Stephanie|title=Joseph Kurup: Oath Stone to be relocated|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/01/30/joseph-kurup-oath-stone/|accessdate=15 February 2016|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=30 January 2015}}</ref> In February 2016, the oath stone was proposed to be moved to Keningau Heritage Museum and will be gazetted as National Heritage Site.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nazri announces National Heritage Site and ‘Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin’ to be reinstated|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/02/13/nazri-announces-national-heritage-site-and-kerajaan-malaysia-jamin-to-be-reinstated/|accessdate=15 February 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=13 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213092656/http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/02/13/nazri-announces-national-heritage-site-and-kerajaan-malaysia-jamin-to-be-reinstated/|archivedate=13 February 2016}}</ref>
-The continuous delaying for relocation as well with the high cost reason for restoration from the federal government have been criticised by Sabahan politicians and perceived by them as the federal government did not have a real intention in keeping its promise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=112832|title=No excuse for delay on Oath Stone: Jeffrey|publisher=Daily Express|date=15 September 2016|accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=112879|title=Restoring Oath Stone shouldn't cost million$: Sipaun|publisher=Daily Express|date=18 September 2016|accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref> However, despite the persistent delays, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department, [[Joseph Kurup]] pledge that the stone will be restored and relocate together with the missing words of 'Kerajaan Malaysia Jamin'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=112904|title=Oath Stone will be restored, pledges Kurup|publisher=Daily Express|date=20 September 2016|accessdate=22 September 2016}}</ref> Around [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]1.025 million have been allocated by the federal government for the relocation to a new site near the Keningau Heritage Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/05/02/sabah-oath-stone-to-get-permanent-home/|title=Sabah’s Oath Stone to get a permanent home|author=Stephanie Lee|publisher=The Star|date=2 May 2017|accessdate=6 May 2017}}</ref> Malaysian Tourism and Culture Minister [[Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz]] said the relocation would enable more people and tourists to come and appreciate the history behind the Oath Stone and it would be gazetted under the State Cultural Heritage Enactment (Preservation 1997) after the relocation is carried out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=117499|title=RM1m Oath Stone relocation soon|author1=Uhim Wong|author2=James Sarda|publisher=Daily Express|date=3 May 2017|accessdate=4 May 2017}}</ref>
 == See also ==
@@ Line 91: / Line 97: @@
 {{Malaysian historical architectures and sites}}
-[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Malaysia]]
+[[Category:Keningau District]]
+[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Sabah]]
 [[Category:Politics of Sabah]]
 [[Category:Political history of Malaysia]]
 [[Category:Outdoor sculptures]]
-[[Category:Stones]]
+[[Category:Stone monuments and memorials]]
-[[Category:Buildings and structures in Sabah]]
+[[Category:Sculptures in Malaysia]]

v t e History of East Malaysia
Common history¹	Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888) Japanese occupation Battle of Borneo (1941–1942) Borneo campaign British Military Administration Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation Malaysia Agreement Proclamation of Malaysia 2019 federal constitution amendment (on hold) ★ first tabling 2020 Malaysia coronavirus pandemic 2021 federal constitution amendment (passed) ★ second tabling
History of Sabah	Brunei Civil War Sultanate of Sulu Austrian colony North Borneo Chartered Company North Borneo Antanum Mat Salleh Madrid Protocol Jesselton revolt Sandakan camp Sandakan Death Marches Battle of North Borneo Crown Colony of North Borneo Self-government of North Borneo Cobbold Commission 20-point agreement Keningau Oath Stone Double Six Crash Cross border attacks from the Philippines 1985 Lahad Datu ambush 2000 Sipadan kidnappings 2013 Lahad Datu standoff 1986 Sabah riots 1991 Sabah political arrests Project IC Sabah State Water Department corruption probe 2020 Sabah coronavirus pandemic
History of Sarawak	Sultanate of Sarawak Raj of Sarawak Rentap Liu Shan Bang Syarif Masahor Crown Colony of Sarawak Anti-cession movement of Sarawak Communist insurgency in Sarawak Self-government of Sarawak Cobbold Commission 18-point agreement 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis 1987 Ming Court Affair 1997 Sarawak HFMD outbreak Sarawak rabies outbreak (2017–present) 2020 Sarawak coronavirus pandemic
History of Labuan	Crown Colony of Labuan North Borneo Chartered Company North Borneo (1890–1904) Straits Settlements (1907–46) Battle of North Borneo Battle of Labuan Colony of Singapore (1946) Crown Colony of North Borneo (1946–63) Cobbold Commission 20-point agreement Sabah (1963–84) Federal territory (1984–)
¹ Covers the three territories