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Coordinates: 33°19′30″N 44°25′19″E / 33.325°N 44.422°E / 33.325; 44.422
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# 2000 BCE – [[Babylonia]]n city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).<ref name="brit1910" />
# 2000 BCE – [[Babylonia]]n city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).<ref name="brit1910" />
# 762 CE
# 762 CE
#*[[Round city of Baghdad|Round City]] construction begins per [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid Caliph]] [[al-Mansur]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore |author= Charles Wendell |journal= International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume= 2 |issue= 2 |pages= 99–128 |year= 1971 |jstor=162258 |doi= 10.1017/S0020743800000994 |s2cid= 163049281 }}</ref><ref name="bosworth2007">{{cite book |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |editor=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |year=2007 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC&pg=PA30 |chapter=Baghdad |isbn=978-9004153882 }}</ref><ref name="brit1910"/>
#*[[Round city of Baghdad|Round City]] construction begins per [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid Caliph]] [[al-Mansur]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore |author= Charles Wendell |journal= International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume= 2 |issue= 2 |pages= 99–128 |year= 1971 |jstor=162258 |doi= 10.1017/S0020743800000994 |s2cid= 163049281 }}</ref><ref name="bosworth2007">{{cite book |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |editor=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |year=2007 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC&pg=PA30 |chapter=Baghdad |isbn=978-90-04-15388-2 }}</ref><ref name="brit1910"/>
#* Al-Khassakiyya mosque built.<ref name="archnet">{{cite web |author=ArchNet |author-link=ArchNet |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1492 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210073512/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1492 |archive-date=December 2012 |title=Baghdad }}</ref>
#* Al-Khassakiyya mosque built.<ref name="archnet">{{cite web |author=ArchNet |author-link=ArchNet |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1492 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210073512/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1492 |archive-date=2012-12-10 |title=Baghdad }}</ref>
# 767 – [[Al-Mansur Mosque]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 767 – [[Al-Mansur Mosque]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 775 – [[Bab al-Taq]] (gate) built.<ref name="Lassner1966">{{cite journal |title=Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City |author= Jacob Lassner |journal= Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume= 9 |issue= 1/2 |pages= 1–27 |year=1966 |doi= 10.2307/3596170 |jstor=3596170 }}</ref>
# 775 – [[Bab al-Taq]] (gate) built.<ref name="Lassner1966">{{cite journal |title=Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City |author= Jacob Lassner |journal= Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume= 9 |issue= 1/2 |pages= 1–27 |year=1966 |doi= 10.2307/3596170 |jstor=3596170 }}</ref>
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# 799 – [[Al-Kadhimiya Mosque|Mashhad al-Kazimiyya]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 799 – [[Al-Kadhimiya Mosque|Mashhad al-Kazimiyya]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 812-813 [[Siege of Baghdad (812–813)|Siege of Baghdad]], Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
# 812-813 [[Siege of Baghdad (812–813)|Siege of Baghdad]], Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
# 814 – City captured by [[al-Ma'mun]].<ref name="griffin1996">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964039 |title = Middle East and Africa |series=International Dictionary of Historic Places |editor = Trudy Ring |date = 1996 |author=Jacqueline Griffin |chapter=Baghdad }}</ref>
# 814 – City captured by [[al-Ma'mun]].<ref name="griffin1996">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 978-1-884964-03-9 |title = Middle East and Africa |series=International Dictionary of Historic Places |editor = Trudy Ring |date = 1996 |author=Jacqueline Griffin |chapter=Baghdad }}</ref>
# 827 – Tomb of [[Zubaidah bint Ja`far|Zobeide]] built.<ref name="wilson1895" />
# 827 – Tomb of [[Zubaidah bint Ja`far|Zobeide]] built.<ref name="wilson1895" />
# 836 – [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of [[Al-Mu'tasim]] relocated from Baghdad to [[Samarra]].<ref name="stanley2008">{{Citation |publisher = ABC-CLIO |location = Santa Barbara, USA |editor1 = Michael R.T. Dumper |editor2=Bruce E. Stanley |chapter= Baghdad |title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |date = 2008 }}</ref>
# 836 – [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of [[Al-Mu'tasim]] relocated from Baghdad to [[Samarra]].<ref name="stanley2008">{{Citation |publisher = ABC-CLIO |location = Santa Barbara, USA |editor1 = Michael R.T. Dumper |editor2=Bruce E. Stanley |chapter= Baghdad |title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |date = 2008 }}</ref>
# 850 – ''[[Book of Ingenious Devices]]'' published.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Allen Lane |isbn = 9781846141614 |location = London |title = Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science |author = Jim Al-Khalili |date = 2010 }}</ref>
# 850 – ''[[Book of Ingenious Devices]]'' published.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Allen Lane |isbn = 978-1-84614-161-4 |location = London |title = Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science |author = Jim Al-Khalili |date = 2010 }}</ref>
# 855 – Funeral of [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]].<ref name="jones1856">{{cite journal |year=1856 |location=Bombay |journal=Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society |volume=12 |author=Felix Jones |title=Brief Observations, Forming an Appendix to the Map of Baghdad |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HNzuf4Z2CR4C&pg=PA53 }}</ref>
# 855 – Funeral of [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]].<ref name="jones1856">{{cite journal |year=1856 |location=Bombay |journal=Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society |volume=12 |author=Felix Jones |title=Brief Observations, Forming an Appendix to the Map of Baghdad |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HNzuf4Z2CR4C&pg=PA53 }}</ref>
# 861 – 11 December: Caliph [[Al-Mutawakkil]] assassinated.<ref name="griffin1996" />
# 861 – 11 December: Caliph [[Al-Mutawakkil]] assassinated.<ref name="griffin1996" />
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# 865-866 [[Caliphal Civil War (865–866)|Caliphal Civil War]], was an armed conflict during the "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]" between the rival [[caliphs]] [[al-Musta'in]] and [[al-Mu'tazz]].
# 865-866 [[Caliphal Civil War (865–866)|Caliphal Civil War]], was an armed conflict during the "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]" between the rival [[caliphs]] [[al-Musta'in]] and [[al-Mu'tazz]].
# 892 – [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of [[Al-Mu'tamid]] relocated to Baghdad from [[Samarra]].<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 892 – [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of [[Al-Mu'tamid]] relocated to Baghdad from [[Samarra]].<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.<ref name="micheau2008">{{cite book |author=Francoise Micheau |chapter=Baghdad in the Abbasid Era |location= Leiden |publisher= Koninklijke Brill |year=2008 |title=The City in the Islamic World |isbn=9789004162402 }}</ref>
# 901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.<ref name="micheau2008">{{cite book |author=Francoise Micheau |chapter=Baghdad in the Abbasid Era |location= Leiden |publisher= Koninklijke Brill |year=2008 |title=The City in the Islamic World |isbn=978-90-04-16240-2 }}</ref>
# 908 – Khulafa Mosque built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 908 – [[Al-Khulafa Mosque]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 946 – [[Battle of Baghdad (946)|Battle of Baghdad]]; Shia [[Buyid dynasty|Buyids]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 946 – [[Battle of Baghdad (946)|Battle of Baghdad]]; Shia [[Buyid dynasty|Buyids]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.<ref name="makdisi1961" />
# 993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.<ref name="makdisi1961" />
# 1055 – [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuq]] [[Nizam al-Mulk]] in power.<ref name="griffin1996" />
# 1055 – [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuq]] [[Nizam al-Mulk]] in power.<ref name="griffin1996" />
⚫
# 1157 - [[Siege of Baghdad (1157)|Siege of Baghdad]], Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
# 1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.<ref name="makdisi1961">{{cite journal |title=Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad |author= George Makdisi |journal= Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume= 24 |issue= 1 |year=1961 |jstor=610293 | doi = 10.1017/s0041977x0014039x |pages=1–56|s2cid= 154869619 }}</ref>
# 1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.<ref name="makdisi1961">{{cite journal |title=Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad |author= George Makdisi |journal= Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume= 24 |issue= 1 |year=1961 |jstor=610293 | doi = 10.1017/s0041977x0014039x |pages=1–56|s2cid= 154869619 }}</ref>
# 1066 – [[Abu Hanifa Mosque]] restored.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}
# 1066 – [[Abu Hanifa Mosque]] restored.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}
# 1067 – [[Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad]] (college) established.<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="MMA-wam07">{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=07&region=wam#/Key-EventsKey-Events |title= West Asia: Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |location=New York |access-date=3 October 2014 }}</ref>
# 1067 – [[Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad]] (college) established.<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="MMA-wam07">{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=07&region=wam#/Key-EventsKey-Events |title= West Asia: Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |location=New York |access-date=3 October 2014 }}</ref>
# 1095 – City wall rebuilt.<ref name="makdisi1959">{{cite journal |title= Topography of Eleventh Century Baġdād: Materials and Notes |author= George Makdisi |journal= Arabica |volume= 6 |issue= 2 |year= 1959 |jstor=4055493 |pages=178–197|doi= 10.1163/157005859X00334 }}</ref>
# 1095 – City wall rebuilt.<ref name="makdisi1959">{{cite journal |title= Topography of Eleventh Century Baġdād: Materials and Notes |author= George Makdisi |journal= Arabica |volume= 6 |issue= 2 |year= 1959 |jstor=4055493 |pages=178–197|doi= 10.1163/157005859X00334 }}</ref>
⚫
# 1157 - [[Siege of Baghdad (1157)|Siege of Baghdad]], Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
# 1180 – Caliph [[Al-Nasir]] in power.
# 1180 – Caliph [[al-Nasir]] in power.
# 1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).<ref name="archnet" />
# 1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).<ref name="archnet" />
# 1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.<ref name="wilson1895" />
# 1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.<ref name="wilson1895" />
# 1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1226 - [[Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi|al-Baghdadi]] compiles {{Interlanguage link multi|Kitab al-Tabikh (1226)|ar|3=كتاب الطبيخ}} (cookbook).
# 1226 - [[Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi|al-Baghdadi]] compiles {{Interlanguage link|Kitab al-Tabikh (1226)|ar|3=كتاب الطبيخ}} (cookbook).
# 1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).<ref name="archnet" />
# 1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).<ref name="archnet" />
# 1232 – [[Mustansiriya Madrasah]] established.<ref name="archnet" /><ref name="micheau2008" />
# 1232 – [[Mustansiriya Madrasah|Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah]] established.<ref name="archnet" /><ref name="micheau2008" />
# 1252 – Shrine of [[Abdul-Qadir Gilani|Abdul-Kadir]] built.<ref name="wilson1895" />
# 1252 – Shrine of [[Abdul-Qadir Gilani|Abdul-Kadir]] built.<ref name="wilson1895" />
# 1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol [[Hulagu Khan]] during the [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|Siege of Baghdad]]; most of population killed.<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
# 1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol [[Hulagu Khan]] during the [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|Siege of Baghdad]]; most of population killed.<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
# 1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1326 – [[Ibn Battuta]] visits city.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative |author=Michael Cooperson |journal=[[Muqarnas (journal)|Muqarnas]] |volume=13 |year=1996 |url=http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=5201 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023152439/http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=5201 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
# 1326 – [[Ibn Battuta]] visits city.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative |author=Michael Cooperson |journal=[[Muqarnas (journal)|Muqarnas]] |volume=13 |year=1996 |url=http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=5201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023152439/http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=5201 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
# 1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.<ref name="archnet" />
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# 1401 – [[Siege of Baghdad (1401)|City captured]] by [[Timur]] again.<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
# 1401 – [[Siege of Baghdad (1401)|City captured]] by [[Timur]] again.<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
# 1405 – [[Sultan Ahmed Jalayir]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1405 – [[Sultan Ahmed Jalayir]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1417 – City taken by [[Qara Yusuf]].<ref name="wilson1895">{{Citation |publisher = [[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |location = London |title = Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc. |editor= Charles Wilson |editor-link=Charles William Wilson |date = 1895 |oclc = 8979039 |chapter=Baghdad |isbn = 9780524062142 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icy5QKym2BoC&pg=PA301 }}</ref>
# 1417 – City taken by [[Qara Yusuf]].<ref name="wilson1895">{{Citation |publisher = [[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |location = London |title = Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc. |editor= Charles Wilson |editor-link=Charles William Wilson |date = 1895 |oclc = 8979039 |chapter=Baghdad |isbn = 978-0-524-06214-2 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icy5QKym2BoC&pg=PA301 }}</ref>
# 1468 – [[Aq Qoyunlu]] in power.<ref name="griffin1996" />
# 1468 – [[Aq Qoyunlu]] in power.<ref name="griffin1996" />


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# 1534
# 1534
#*[[Capture of Baghdad (1534)|Capture of Baghdad]] by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]].<ref name="stanley2008" />
#*[[Capture of Baghdad (1534)|Capture of Baghdad]] by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]].<ref name="stanley2008" />
#* Jami' Abd al-Qadir al-Jaylani built.<ref name="archnet" />
#* [[Mausoleum of Abdul-Qadir Gilani|Mausoleum of Abdul-Qadir al-Gilani]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1535 – City becomes capital of the [[Baghdad Eyalet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
# 1535 – City becomes capital of the [[Baghdad Eyalet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
# 1544 – City taken by forces of [[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman I]].<ref name="wilson1895" />
# 1544 – City taken by forces of [[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman I]].<ref name="wilson1895" />
# 1578 – Jami' Murad Basha built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1578 – [[Al-Muradiyya Mosque]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1601 – Coffeehouse built.<ref>{{cite book|author= Markman Ellis |title=The Coffee-House: a Cultural History |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |year= 2004 |isbn=0297843192 }}</ref>
# 1601 – Coffeehouse built.<ref>{{cite book|author= Markman Ellis |title=The Coffee-House: a Cultural History |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |year= 2004 |isbn=0-297-84319-2 }}</ref>
# 1602 – City taken by forces of [[Abbas I of Persia]].<ref name="wilson1895" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
# 1602 – City taken by forces of [[Abbas I of Persia]].<ref name="wilson1895" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
# 1623 – 23 January: [[Capture of Baghdad (1623)|Capture of Baghdad]] by [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]].<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
# 1623 – 23 January: [[Capture of Baghdad (1623)|Capture of Baghdad]] by [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]].<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
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# 1683 – City besieged.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1683 – City besieged.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1780 – [[Mamluk dynasty of Iraq|Mamluk]] [[Sulayman Pasha the Great]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1780 – [[Mamluk dynasty of Iraq|Mamluk]] [[Sulayman Pasha the Great]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1795 – Jami al-Maydan built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1795 – [[Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1816 – [[Mamluk dynasty of Iraq|Mamluk]] [[Dawud Pasha]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1816 – [[Mamluk dynasty of Iraq|Mamluk]] [[Dawud Pasha of Baghdad|Dawud Pasha]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).<ref>{{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |location = New Haven |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |author-link1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = A New Universal Gazetteer |date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/73/mode/1up |chapter= Bagdad }}</ref>
# 1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).<ref>{{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |location = New Haven |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |author-link1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = A New Universal Gazetteer |date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/73/mode/1up |chapter= Bagdad }}</ref>
# 1826 – Jami' Haydar Khanah built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1826 – [[Haydar-Khana Mosque]] constructed in its current form.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1830
# 1830
#*[[British East Indian Company]] in residence (approximate date).<ref name="stanley2008" />
#*[[British East Indian Company]] in residence (approximate date).<ref name="stanley2008" />
#* Plague.<ref name="balfour1871" />
#* Plague.<ref name="balfour1871" />
# 1831 – Flood, then famine.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1831 – Flood, then famine.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1841 – [[Henry Blosse Lynch|Lynch Brothers]] in business.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914 : A Documentary Economic History |year=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>
# 1841 – [[Henry Blosse Lynch|Lynch Brothers]] in business.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History |year=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>
# 1848 – [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad]] established.
# 1848 – [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad]] established.
# 1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from [[Babylonia]]n city of Baghdadu.<ref name="brit1910" />
# 1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from [[Babylonia]]n city of Baghdadu.<ref name="brit1910" />
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#* Municipal council established.<ref name="stanley2008" />
#* Municipal council established.<ref name="stanley2008" />
#* City walls demolished.<ref name="micheau2008" />
#* City walls demolished.<ref name="micheau2008" />
# 1871 – Population: 65,000.<ref name="balfour1871">{{cite book |title=Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia |year=1871 |edition=2nd |location=Madras |editor=Edward Balfour |editor-link=Edward Balfour |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=R-NSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA289 |chapter= Baghdad }}</ref>
# 1871 – Population: 65,000.<ref name="balfour1871">{{cite book |title=Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia |year=1871 |edition=2nd |location=Madras |publisher=Scottish and Adelphi Press |editor=Edward Balfour |editor-link=Edward Balfour |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=R-NSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA289 |chapter= Baghdad }}</ref>
# 1880 – Turkish [[camel post]] begins operating (approximate date).<ref name="brit1910" />
# 1880 – Turkish [[camel post]] begins operating (approximate date).<ref name="brit1910" />
# 1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).<ref name="wilson1895" />
# 1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).<ref name="wilson1895" />
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===1900s–1940s===
===1900s–1940s===


# 1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).<ref name="Lorimer1908">{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf |year=1908 |location=Calcutta |chapter=City of Baghdad |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lnXiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA196 |author=Lorimer }}</ref>
# 1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).<ref name="Lorimer1908">{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf |year=1908 |location=Calcutta |publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing India |chapter=City of Baghdad |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lnXiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA196 |author=Lorimer }}</ref>
# 1909 – Cinema built.<ref name="Leaman2001">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9780415187039 |title = Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film |editor = Oliver Leaman |date = 2001 }}</ref>
# 1909 – Cinema built.<ref name="Leaman2001">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 978-0-415-18703-9 |title = Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film |editor = Oliver Leaman |date = 2001 }}</ref>
# 1911 – Ottoman [[XIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XIII Corps]] headquartered in Baghdad.
# 1911 – Ottoman [[XIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XIII Corps]] headquartered in Baghdad.
# 1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).<ref>{{Citation |publisher = [[List of Baedeker Guides|Karl Baedeker]] |location = Leipzig |title = Palestine and Syria |edition =5th |date = 1912 |chapter=Baghdad |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BykoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA430 }}</ref>
# 1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).<ref>{{Citation |publisher = [[List of Baedeker Guides|Karl Baedeker]] |location = Leipzig |title = Palestine and Syria |edition =5th |date = 1912 |chapter=Baghdad |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BykoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA430 }}</ref>
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# 1915
# 1915
#* Istanbul-Baghdad railway begins operating.<ref name="griffin1996" />
#* Istanbul-Baghdad railway begins operating.<ref name="griffin1996" />
#*[[Al Rasheed Street]] laid out.<ref name="griffin1996" />
#*[[Al-Rasheed Street]] laid out.<ref name="griffin1996" />
#* Cholera epidemic.<ref name="stanley2008" />
#* Cholera epidemic.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1917
# 1917
#* March: [[Fall of Baghdad (1917)]]; British in power.<ref name="bbc-timeline">{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14546763 |title=Iraq Profile: Timeline |date=16 August 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1= Stephen Pope |author2=Elizabeth-Anne Wheal|title=Dictionary of the First World War|year= 1995 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-85052-979-1 |chapter=Select Chronology |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fOrNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA523 }}</ref>
#* March: [[Fall of Baghdad (1917)]]; British in power.<ref name="bbc-timeline">{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14546763 |title=Iraq Profile: Timeline |date=16 August 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1= Stephen Pope |author2=Elizabeth-Anne Wheal|title=Dictionary of the First World War|year= 1995 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-85052-979-1 |chapter=Select Chronology |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fOrNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA523 }}</ref>
#* Cinema opens.<ref name="stanley2008"/>
#* Cinema opens.<ref name="stanley2008"/>
#* Rasheed Street becomes the first to be electrically illuminated in Iraq<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-04-02 |title=Ministry of Electricity |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402033504/http://www.moelc.gov.iq/pages_en.aspx?id=4 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
#* Rasheed Street becomes the first to be electrically illuminated in Iraq<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-04-02 |title=Ministry of Electricity |url=http://www.moelc.gov.iq/pages_en.aspx?id=4 |access-date=2023-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402033504/http://www.moelc.gov.iq/pages_en.aspx?id=4 |archive-date=2 April 2009 }}</ref>


# 1919 – [[Guardians of Independence]] organized.
# 1919 – [[Guardians of Independence]] organized.
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#* Maktabat al-Salam (library) established.
#* Maktabat al-Salam (library) established.
# 1926 – [[National Museum of Iraq|Baghdad Antiquities Museum]] founded.
# 1926 – [[National Museum of Iraq|Baghdad Antiquities Museum]] founded.
# 1927 – British [[Imperial Airways]] begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basrah flights.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1927 – British [[Imperial Airways]] begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basra flights.<ref name="stanley2008" />
#* Rasheed Street becomes the first [[Electric light|electrically illuminated]] street in Iraq<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-04-02 |title=Ministry of Electricity |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402033504/http://www.moelc.gov.iq/pages_en.aspx?id=4 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
# 1929 – Al-Maktabatil Aammah (public library) active.
# 1929 – Al-Maktabatil Aammah (public library) active.
# 1931 – Strike.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |location = NY |title = Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932 |author = Peter Sluglett |date = 2007 |isbn=9780231142007 }}</ref>
# 1931 – Strike.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |location = NY |title = Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932 |author = Peter Sluglett |date = 2007 |isbn=978-0-231-14200-7 }}</ref>
# 1936 – Military coup.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1936 – Military coup.<ref name="stanley2008" />
# 1940 – Iraqi Music Institute inaugurated.<ref name="rubin1999" />
# 1940 – Iraqi Music Institute inaugurated.<ref name="rubin1999" />
Line 149: Line 148:
#* May: Government television begins broadcasting.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country |author= Douglas A. Boyd |journal= Middle Eastern Studies |volume= 18 |issue= 4 |pages= 400–410 |year= 1982 |jstor=4282908 |doi= 10.1080/00263208208700522 }}</ref>
#* May: Government television begins broadcasting.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country |author= Douglas A. Boyd |journal= Middle Eastern Studies |volume= 18 |issue= 4 |pages= 400–410 |year= 1982 |jstor=4282908 |doi= 10.1080/00263208208700522 }}</ref>
#* Uprising.<ref name="kwarteng2011">{{Citation |publisher = PublicAffairs |location = New York |author = Kwasi Kwarteng |title = Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world |date = 2011 }}</ref>
#* Uprising.<ref name="kwarteng2011">{{Citation |publisher = PublicAffairs |location = New York |author = Kwasi Kwarteng |title = Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world |date = 2011 }}</ref>
#* Iraqi Artists Society formed.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Stanford University Press |location = Stanford, California |author = Orit Bashkin |title = The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq |date = 2008 |isbn=9780804759922 }}</ref>
#* Iraqi Artists Society formed.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Stanford University Press |location = Stanford, California |author = Orit Bashkin |title = The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq |date = 2008 |isbn=978-0-8047-5992-2 }}</ref>
# 1957
# 1957
#*[[University of Baghdad]] established.
#*[[University of Baghdad]] established.
Line 167: Line 166:
#*[[Al-Mustansiriya University]] and [[Al-Karkh SC|Al-Rasheed Sport Club]] established.
#*[[Al-Mustansiriya University]] and [[Al-Karkh SC|Al-Rasheed Sport Club]] established.
# 1964 – [[Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital]] established.
# 1964 – [[Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital]] established.
# 1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 }}</ref>
# 1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 }}</ref>
# 1966
# 1966
#* Film festival held at Al-Rashid Cinema.<ref name="ginsberg2010">{{Citation |publisher = [[Scarecrow Press]] |location = USA |author1 = Terri Ginsberg |author2=Chris Lippard |title = Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema |date = 2010 }}</ref>
#* Film festival held at Al-Rashid Cinema.<ref name="ginsberg2010">{{Citation |publisher = [[Scarecrow Press]] |location = USA |author1 = Terri Ginsberg |author2=Chris Lippard |title = Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema |date = 2010 }}</ref>
Line 173: Line 172:
# 1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.<ref name="rubin1999" />
# 1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.<ref name="rubin1999" />
# 1968 – National Theatre Company established.<ref name="rubin1999" />
# 1968 – National Theatre Company established.<ref name="rubin1999" />
# 1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}</ref>
# 1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}</ref>
# 1971 – [[Baghdad Zoo]] opens.
# 1971 – [[Baghdad Zoo]] opens.
# 1975 – Central Post Office built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1975 – Central Post Office built.<ref name="archnet" />
Line 187: Line 186:
# 1983 – [[Al-Shaheed Monument]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1983 – [[Al-Shaheed Monument]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1985
# 1985
#* Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.<ref name="rubin1999">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 0415059321 |location = London |editor = Don Rubin |title = World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre |date = 1999 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2 }}</ref>
#* Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.<ref name="rubin1999">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 0-415-05932-1 |location = London |editor = Don Rubin |title = World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre |date = 1999 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2 }}</ref>
#* Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.<ref name="archnet" />
#* Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.<ref name="archnet" />
# 1987 - Population: 3,841,268.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262–321 }}</ref>
# 1987 - Population: 3,841,268.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |publisher=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262–321 }}</ref>
# 1988 – [[Nahrain University|Saddam University]] established.
# 1988 – [[Nahrain University|Saddam University]] established.
# 1989 – [[Victory Arch]] erected.<ref name="pieri2008" />
# 1989 – [[Victory Arch]] erected.<ref name="pieri2008" />
Line 251: Line 250:
* 2012
* 2012
** 5 January: [[5 January 2012 Iraq bombings|Bombings]].
** 5 January: [[5 January 2012 Iraq bombings|Bombings]].
** 27 January: [[27 January 2012 Baghdad bombing|Bombing]].<ref name="britannica2013">{{cite book|title=Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year |year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXadAAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-62513-103-4}}</ref>
** 27 January: [[27 January 2012 Baghdad bombing|Bombing]].<ref name="britannica2013">{{cite book|title=Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year |year=2013|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXadAAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-62513-103-4}}</ref>
** 23 February: [[23 February 2012 Iraq attacks]].<ref name="britannica2013" />
** 23 February: [[23 February 2012 Iraq attacks]].<ref name="britannica2013" />
** 4 June: Bombing of Shia office.<ref name="britannica2013" />
** 4 June: Bombing of Shia office.<ref name="britannica2013" />
* 2015 - [[Air pollution]] in Baghdad reaches annual mean of 88 [[PM2.5]] and 208 [[PM10]], much [[Air quality guideline|higher than recommended]].<ref>{{citation |author=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=https://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328100014/http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2014 |author-link=World Health Organization }}</ref>
* 2015 - [[Air pollution]] in Baghdad reaches annual mean of 88 [[PM2.5]] and 208 [[PM10]], much [[Air quality guideline|higher than recommended]].<ref>{{cite web |website=World Health Organization |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=https://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328100014/http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |archive-date=28 March 2014}}</ref>
* 2016 - 3 July: [[July 2016 Baghdad bombings|Bombing]] in [[Karrada]].
* 2016 - 3 July: [[July 2016 Baghdad bombings|Bombing]] in [[Karrada]].
* 2018 - 10 June: [[2018 Iraqi parliamentary election|Election ballot]] warehouse catches fire.<ref>{{citation |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-44432047 |work=BBC News |title= Iraq election: Fire at Baghdad ballot paper depot |date= 10 June 2018 }}</ref>
* 2018 - 10 June: [[2018 Iraqi parliamentary election|Election ballot]] warehouse catches fire.<ref>{{citation |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-44432047 |work=BBC News |title= Iraq election: Fire at Baghdad ballot paper depot |date= 10 June 2018 }}</ref>
Line 267: Line 266:
** 3 January: [[Qasem Soleimani]] was assassinated by a U.S. [[drone strike]] near [[Baghdad International Airport]].<ref>Gal Perl Finkel, [https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/The-killing-of-Soleimani-and-the-Deal-of-the-Century-617741 Potential for strategic turns], [[The Jerusalem Post]], 16 February 2020.</ref><ref name="NEWSWEEK01-02-2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|title=Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike|website=[[Newsweek]]|author1=Tom O'Connor|author2=James Laporta|date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103030530/https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|archive-date=3 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
** 3 January: [[Qasem Soleimani]] was assassinated by a U.S. [[drone strike]] near [[Baghdad International Airport]].<ref>Gal Perl Finkel, [https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/The-killing-of-Soleimani-and-the-Deal-of-the-Century-617741 Potential for strategic turns], [[The Jerusalem Post]], 16 February 2020.</ref><ref name="NEWSWEEK01-02-2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|title=Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike|website=[[Newsweek]]|author1=Tom O'Connor|author2=James Laporta|date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103030530/https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|archive-date=3 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2021
* 2021
** 21 January: [[January 2021 Baghdad bombings|Bombings]].<ref name="CNN News">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=January 21, 2021|title=At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/21/middleeast/iraq-baghdad-explosion-intl/index.html|access-date=|website=CNN News}}</ref>
** 21 January: [[January 2021 Baghdad bombings|Bombings]].<ref name="CNN News">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=January 21, 2021|title=At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/21/middleeast/iraq-baghdad-explosion-intl/index.html|website=CNN News}}</ref>
** 24 April: [[Baghdad hospital fire|Hospital fire]].
** 24 April: [[Baghdad hospital fire|Hospital fire]].
** 25 May: anti-government protests.<ref name="ALJAZEERA News">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=May 25, 2021|title=Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/25/one-killed-as-iraqs-anti-government-protests-resume|access-date=|website=ALJAZEERA News}}</ref>
** 25 May: anti-government protests.<ref name="ALJAZEERA News">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=May 25, 2021|title=Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/25/one-killed-as-iraqs-anti-government-protests-resume|website=ALJAZEERA News}}</ref>
** 19 July: Bombing.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-20|title=Suicide attack in Iraq's Sadr City kills at least 35, wounds dozens -sources|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/two-killed-13-wounded-explosion-iraqs-sadr-city-sources-2021-07-19/|access-date=2021-08-21|website=Reuters|language=en}}</ref>
** 19 July: Bombing.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-20|title=Suicide attack in Iraq's Sadr City kills at least 35, wounds dozens -sources|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/two-killed-13-wounded-explosion-iraqs-sadr-city-sources-2021-07-19/|access-date=2021-08-21|website=Reuters|language=en}}</ref>


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* {{Citation |publisher = Printed for the Hakluyt Society |location = London |author = Pedro Teixeira |author-link=Pedro Teixeira |translator=William F. Sinclair |title = The Travels of Pedro Teixeira |date = 1902 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/travelsofpedrote09teix#page/60/mode/2up |chapter=Concerning the City of Bagdad }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Printed for the Hakluyt Society |location = London |author = Pedro Teixeira |author-link=Pedro Teixeira |translator=William F. Sinclair |title = The Travels of Pedro Teixeira |date = 1902 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/travelsofpedrote09teix#page/60/mode/2up |chapter=Concerning the City of Bagdad }}
* {{Citation |publisher = É. Bouillon |location = Paris |title = L' introduction topographique â l'histoire de Bagdâdh d'Aboû Bakr Aḥmad ibn Thâbit al-Khatîb al-Bagdâdhî |author = Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi |author-link=Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi |date = 1904 |oclc = 23419471 |language=fr |translator=George Salmon |ol = 6942714M }}
* {{Citation |publisher = É. Bouillon |location = Paris |title = L' introduction topographique â l'histoire de Bagdâdh d'Aboû Bakr Aḥmad ibn Thâbit al-Khatîb al-Bagdâdhî |author = Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi |author-link=Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi |date = 1904 |oclc = 23419471 |language=fr |translator=George Salmon |ol = 6942714M }}
* {{citation |title=Jewish Encyclopedia |location=New York |chapter=Bagdad |volume=2 |year= 1907 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/jewishencycloped02sing#page/434/mode/2up |title-link=Jewish Encyclopedia }}
* {{citation |title=Jewish Encyclopedia |location=New York |publisher=KTAV Publishing House |chapter=Bagdad |volume=2 |year= 1907 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/jewishencycloped02sing#page/434/mode/2up |title-link=Jewish Encyclopedia }}
* {{cite book |title=Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon |location=Leipzig |publisher=[[Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus|Brockhaus]] |year=1908 |edition=14th |language=de |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x1TOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA261 |chapter=Bagdad }}
* {{cite book |title=Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon |location=Leipzig |publisher=[[Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus|Brockhaus]] |year=1908 |edition=14th |language=de |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x1TOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA261 |chapter=Bagdad }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |location = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th |date = 1910 |chapter=Bagdad |chapter-url =https://archive.org/stream/haydnsdictionary00hayd#page/116/mode/1up |title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |location = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th |date = 1910 |chapter=Bagdad |chapter-url =https://archive.org/stream/haydnsdictionary00hayd#page/116/mode/1up |title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates }}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bagdad (city) |volume= 3 |last1= Rawlinson |first1= Henry Creswicke |author1-link= Henry Creswicke Rawlinson |last2= Peters |first2= John Punnett |author2-link= John Punnett Peters | pages = 194&ndash;198 |date=1910 |short= 1}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bagdad (city) |volume= 3 |last1= Rawlinson |first1= Henry Creswicke |author1-link= Henry Creswicke Rawlinson |last2= Peters |first2= John Punnett |author2-link= John Punnett Peters | pages = 194&ndash;198 |date=1910 |short= 1}}
* {{cite book |chapter=Baghdad |page= 563?+ |publisher =E.J. Brill |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |year=1913 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5U3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA563 |title-link= Encyclopaedia of Islam |isbn= 9004082654 }}
* {{cite book |chapter=Baghdad |page= 563?+ |publisher =E.J. Brill |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |year=1913 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5U3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA563 |title-link= Encyclopaedia of Islam |isbn= 90-04-08265-4}}
* {{Citation |publisher = Brockhaus |location = Leipzig |author = Sven Hedin |author-link=Sven Hedin |title = Bagdad, Babylon, Ninive |date = 1918 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/bagdadbabylonnin00hediuoft#page/118/mode/2up |chapter= Bagdad einst und jetzt |language=de }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Brockhaus |location = Leipzig |author = Sven Hedin |author-link=Sven Hedin |title = Bagdad, Babylon, Ninive |date = 1918 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/bagdadbabylonnin00hediuoft#page/118/mode/2up |chapter= Bagdad einst und jetzt |language=de }}
* {{cite book |title=Manāqib Baghdād |year=1923–1924 |language=ar |location=Baghdād |publisher= Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Salām |author=Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi |author-link=Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi |others=Edited by M. Bahjat al-Atharī }}
* {{cite book |title=Manāqib Baghdād |year=1923–1924 |language=ar |location=Baghdād |publisher= Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Salām |author=Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi |author-link=Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi |editor=M. Bahjat al-Atharī }}
* {{cite book |title=Baghdad Sketches |year=1932 |author=Freya Stark |author-link=Freya Stark }}
* {{cite book |title=Baghdad Sketches |year=1932 |author=Freya Stark |author-link=Freya Stark }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |location = New York |editor = Leon E. Seltzer |title = Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World |ol=6112221M |date = 1952 |page=140 |chapter=Baghdad |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/columbialippinco00selt#page/140/mode/1up }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |location = New York |editor = Leon E. Seltzer |title = Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World |ol=6112221M |date = 1952 |page=140 |chapter=Baghdad |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/columbialippinco00selt#page/140/mode/1up }}
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* {{cite journal |title=Baghdad: portrait of a city in physical and cultural change |author=J. Gulick |journal=Journal of the American Institute of Planners |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=246–255 |year=1967 |doi=10.1080/01944366708977925 }}
* {{cite journal |title=Baghdad: portrait of a city in physical and cultural change |author=J. Gulick |journal=Journal of the American Institute of Planners |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=246–255 |year=1967 |doi=10.1080/01944366708977925 }}
* Jacob Lassner. The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages. Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1970.
* Jacob Lassner. The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages. Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1970.
* {{Citation |publisher = University of Oklahoma Press |isbn = 080610922X |location = Norman |title = Baghdad: metropolis of the Abbasid caliphate |date = 1971 |translator = Seymour Feiler |author = Gaston Wiet |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/baghdadmetropoli00wiet |author-link = Gaston Wiet }}
* {{Citation |publisher = University of Oklahoma Press |isbn = 0-8061-0922-X |location = Norman |title = Baghdad: metropolis of the Abbasid caliphate |date = 1971 |translator = Seymour Feiler |author = Gaston Wiet |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/baghdadmetropoli00wiet |author-link = Gaston Wiet }}
* {{Citation |publisher = [[Lonely Planet]] |location=Australia |title = Middle East |year= 1994 |ol=16516298W |chapter=Iraq: Baghdad |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/middleeastonshoe00bros#page/302/mode/2up |page=302+ }}
* {{Citation |publisher = [[Lonely Planet]] |location=Australia |title = Middle East |year= 1994 |ol=16516298W |chapter=Iraq: Baghdad |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/middleeastonshoe00bros#page/302/mode/2up |page=302+ }}
* Hanne, Eric J.  "The Caliphate revisited: The Abbasids of eleventh and twelfth century Baghdad" (PhD dissertation, University of Michigan; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1998. 9909898).
* {{cite book|author1=John Block Friedman|author2=Kristen Mossler Figg|title=Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia|year= 2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-59094-9 |chapter=Baghdad |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-OmCfNI_SxAC&pg=PA43 |page=43+ }}
* {{cite book|author1=John Block Friedman|author2=Kristen Mossler Figg|title=Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia|year= 2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-59094-9 |chapter=Baghdad |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-OmCfNI_SxAC&pg=PA43 |page=43+ }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich |isbn = 3728119725 |title = Urban form in the Arab world |author = Stefano Bianca |date = 2000 |chapter=Baghdad: an Arab Metropolis between Conservation and Redevelopment }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich |isbn = 3-7281-1972-5 |title = Urban form in the Arab world |author = Stefano Bianca |date = 2000 |chapter=Baghdad: an Arab Metropolis between Conservation and Redevelopment }}


===Published in 21st century===
===Published in 21st century===
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[[Category:History of Baghdad| ]]
[[Category:History of Baghdad| ]]
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Iraq|Baghdad]]
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Iraq|Baghdad]]
[[Category:Iraq-related lists|baghdad]]
[[Category:Timelines of capitals|Baghdad]]
[[Category:Timelines of capitals|Baghdad]]

Latest revision as of 10:12, 25 April 2024

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Baghdad, Iraq.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
  1. 2000 BCE – Babylonian city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).[1]
  2. 762 CE
  3. 767 – Al-Mansur Mosque built.[4]
  4. 775 – Bab al-Taq (gate) built.[5]
  5. 786 – Harun al-Rashid in power.[6]
  6. 794 – Paper mill in operation.[6][7]
  7. 799 – Mashhad al-Kazimiyya built.[4]
  8. 812-813 Siege of Baghdad, Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
  9. 814 – City captured by al-Ma'mun.[6]
  10. 827 – Tomb of Zobeide built.[8]
  11. 836 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tasim relocated from Baghdad to Samarra.[9]
  12. 850 – Book of Ingenious Devices published.[10]
  13. 855 – Funeral of Ahmad ibn Hanbal.[11]
  14. 861 – 11 December: Caliph Al-Mutawakkil assassinated.[6]
  15. 865 – City wall built.[12]
  16. 865-866 Caliphal Civil War, was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra" between the rival caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz.
  17. 892 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tamid relocated to Baghdad from Samarra.[9]
  18. 901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.[13]
  19. 908 – Al-Khulafa Mosque built.[4]
  20. 946 – Battle of Baghdad; Shia Buyids in power.[9]
  21. 993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.[14]
  22. 1055 – Seljuq Nizam al-Mulk in power.[6]
  23. 1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.[14]
  24. 1066 – Abu Hanifa Mosque restored.[citation needed]
  25. 1067 – Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (college) established.[9][15]
  26. 1095 – City wall rebuilt.[12]
  27. 1157 - Siege of Baghdad, Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
  28. 1180 – Caliph al-Nasir in power.
  29. 1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.[4]
  30. 1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).[4]
  31. 1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.[8]
  32. 1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.[4]
  33. 1226 - al-Baghdadi compiles Kitab al-Tabikh (1226) [ar] (cookbook).
  34. 1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.[4]
  35. 1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).[4]
  36. 1232 – Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah established.[4][13]
  37. 1252 – Shrine of Abdul-Kadir built.[8]
  38. 1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol Hulagu Khan during the Siege of Baghdad; most of population killed.[9][1]
  39. 1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).[9]
  40. 1326 – Ibn Battuta visits city.[16]
  41. 1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.[4]
  42. 1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.[4]
  43. 1393 – City captured by Timur.[9]
  44. 1401 – City captured by Timur again.[9][1]
  45. 1405 – Sultan Ahmed Jalayir in power.[9]
  46. 1417 – City taken by Qara Yusuf.[8]
  47. 1468 – Aq Qoyunlu in power.[6]

16th–19th centuries

[edit]
  1. 1508 - City taken by Persian Ismail I.[17]
  2. 1534
  3. 1535 – City becomes capital of the Baghdad Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.
  4. 1544 – City taken by forces of Suleiman I.[8]
  5. 1578 – Al-Muradiyya Mosque built.[4]
  6. 1601 – Coffeehouse built.[18]
  7. 1602 – City taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia.[8][1]
  8. 1623 – 23 January: Capture of Baghdad by Safavids.[9][1]
  9. 1625 - Siege of Baghdad, Ottoman–Safavid Wars
  10. 1638 – Capture of Baghdad by forces of Ottoman Murad IV.[19]
  11. 1682 – Khaseki mosque built.[1]
  12. 1683 – City besieged.[9]
  13. 1780 – Mamluk Sulayman Pasha the Great in power.[9]
  14. 1795 – Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya built.[4]
  15. 1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.[9]
  16. 1816 – Mamluk Dawud Pasha in power.[9]
  17. 1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).[20]
  18. 1826 – Haydar-Khana Mosque constructed in its current form.[4]
  19. 1830
  20. 1831 – Flood, then famine.[9]
  21. 1841 – Lynch Brothers in business.[22]
  22. 1848 – Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad established.
  23. 1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from Babylonian city of Baghdadu.[1]
  24. 1861 – Istanbul-Baghdad telegraph line installed.[23]
  25. 1865
  26. 1869 – Midhat Pasha in power.[9]
  27. 1870
    • Municipal council established.[9]
    • City walls demolished.[13]
  28. 1871 – Population: 65,000.[21]
  29. 1880 – Turkish camel post begins operating (approximate date).[1]
  30. 1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).[8]
  31. 1899 – Alliance Israélite girls' school established.[1]

20th century

[edit]

1900s–1940s

[edit]
  1. 1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).[24]
  2. 1909 – Cinema built.[25]
  3. 1911 – Ottoman XIII Corps headquartered in Baghdad.
  4. 1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).[26]
  5. 1914 – October: Samarra-Baghdad railway begins operating.[9]
  6. 1915
  7. 1917
  1. 1919 – Guardians of Independence organized.
  2. 1920
  3. 1926 – Baghdad Antiquities Museum founded.
  4. 1927 – British Imperial Airways begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basra flights.[9]
  5. 1929 – Al-Maktabatil Aammah (public library) active.
  6. 1931 – Strike.[30]
  7. 1936 – Military coup.[9]
  8. 1940 – Iraqi Music Institute inaugurated.[31]
  9. 1941 - Iraqi coup d'état in Baghdad, World War II
  10. 1941
  11. 1944 – Baghdad Symphony Orchestra founded.
  12. 1946 – Al-Sarafiya bridge built.
  13. 1947 - Population: 352,137.[33]
  14. 1948
    • Uprising.[9]
    • Popular Theatre Company[31] and filmmaking Studio of Baghdad formed.[25]

22. 1948 - Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries

1950s–1990s

[edit]
  1. 1952
    • Uprising.[9]
    • Modern Theatre Company formed.[31]
  2. 1953 – Baghdad Central Station built.
  3. 1956
    • Samarra Barrage constructed on the Tigris River near the city.[34]
    • May: Government television begins broadcasting.[35]
    • Uprising.[36]
    • Iraqi Artists Society formed.[37]
  4. 1957
  5. 1958
  6. 1959
  7. 1960 – September: OPEC founded at Baghdad Conference (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela).
  8. 1961 – Iraq National Library and Archive established.
  9. 1963
  10. 1964 – Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital established.
  11. 1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.[38]
  12. 1966
  13. 1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.[31]
  14. 1968 – National Theatre Company established.[31]
  15. 1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).[40]
  16. 1971 – Baghdad Zoo opens.
  17. 1975 – Central Post Office built.[4]
  18. 1978 – November: Arab League summit.
  19. 1980
  20. 1981 – National Film Center and Saddam Hussein Gymnasium (now Baghdad Gymnasium) built.[4]
  21. 1982
  22. 1983 – Al-Shaheed Monument built.[4]
  23. 1985
    • Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.[31]
    • Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.[4]
  24. 1987 - Population: 3,841,268.[41]
  25. 1988 – Saddam University established.
  26. 1989 – Victory Arch erected.[34]
  27. 1991
  28. 1993 – 26 June: Missile strikes by United States.
  29. 1994 – Baghdad Tower constructed.

21st century

[edit]

2000s

[edit]

2010s

[edit]
See also: Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), War in Iraq (2013–2017), Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present), and 2019–2021 Iraqi protests

2020s

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke; Peters, John Punnett (1910). "Bagdad (city)" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 194–198.
  2. ^ Charles Wendell (1971). "Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 2 (2): 99–128. doi:10.1017/S0020743800000994. JSTOR 162258. S2CID 163049281.
  3. ^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Baghdad". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15388-2.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v ArchNet. "Baghdad". Archived from the original on 10 December 2012.
  5. ^ Jacob Lassner (1966). "Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 9 (1/2): 1–27. doi:10.2307/3596170. JSTOR 3596170.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Jacqueline Griffin (1996), "Baghdad", in Trudy Ring (ed.), Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-884964-03-9
  7. ^ History of Printing Timeline, American Printing History Association, retrieved 6 May 2016
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Charles Wilson, ed. (1895), "Baghdad", Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc., London: John Murray, ISBN 978-0-524-06214-2, OCLC 8979039
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
  10. ^ Jim Al-Khalili (2010), Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science, London: Allen Lane, ISBN 978-1-84614-161-4
  11. ^ Felix Jones (1856). "Brief Observations, Forming an Appendix to the Map of Baghdad". Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society. 12. Bombay.
  12. ^ a b George Makdisi (1959). "Topography of Eleventh Century Baġdād: Materials and Notes". Arabica. 6 (2): 178–197. doi:10.1163/157005859X00334. JSTOR 4055493.
  13. ^ a b c Francoise Micheau (2008). "Baghdad in the Abbasid Era". The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16240-2.
  14. ^ a b George Makdisi (1961). "Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 24 (1): 1–56. doi:10.1017/s0041977x0014039x. JSTOR 610293. S2CID 154869619.
  15. ^ "West Asia: Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  16. ^ Michael Cooperson (1996). "Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative". Muqarnas. 13. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012.
  17. ^ Justin Marozzi (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-194804-1.
  18. ^ Markman Ellis (2004). The Coffee-House: a Cultural History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84319-2.
  19. ^ "Bagdad". Edinburgh Gazetteer (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. 1829.
  20. ^ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Bagdad", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
  21. ^ a b Edward Balfour, ed. (1871). "Baghdad". Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (2nd ed.). Madras: Scottish and Adelphi Press.
  22. ^ Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History. Oxford University Press. 1988.
  23. ^ a b Soli Shahvar (2003). "Tribes and Telegraphs in Lower Iraq: The Muntafiq and the Baghdad-Basrah Telegraph Line of 1863-65". Middle Eastern Studies. 39 (1): 89–116. doi:10.1080/00263200412331301607. JSTOR 4284278. S2CID 145792034.
  24. ^ Lorimer (1908). "City of Baghdad". Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing India.
  25. ^ a b Oliver Leaman, ed. (2001), Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-18703-9
  26. ^ "Baghdad", Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912
  27. ^ "Iraq Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
  28. ^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
  29. ^ "Ministry of Electricity". 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  30. ^ Peter Sluglett (2007), Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932, NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-14200-7
  31. ^ a b c d e f Don Rubin, ed. (1999), World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre, London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-05932-1
  32. ^ Richard Overy, ed. (2013). New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945. USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60376-377-6.
  33. ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
  34. ^ a b c d Caecilia Pieri (2008). "Modernity and its Posts in Constructing an Arab Capital: Baghdad's Urban Space and Architecture". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 42 (1/2): 32–39. JSTOR 23063540.
  35. ^ Douglas A. Boyd (1982). "Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country". Middle Eastern Studies. 18 (4): 400–410. doi:10.1080/00263208208700522. JSTOR 4282908.
  36. ^ a b c Kwasi Kwarteng (2011), Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world, New York: PublicAffairs
  37. ^ Orit Bashkin (2008), The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-5992-2
  38. ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1976. pp. 253–279.
  39. ^ a b Terri Ginsberg; Chris Lippard (2010), Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema, USA: Scarecrow Press
  40. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1987. pp. 247–289.
  41. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
  42. ^ a b "Baghdad Mayor Is Ousted by a Shiite Group and Replaced". New York Times. 10 August 2005.
  43. ^ "Baghdad International Film Festival". Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  44. ^ "Baghdad car bomb hits book market". Al Jazeera. 6 March 2007.
  45. ^ "Baghdad security walls curb violence, at a cost". Reuters. 6 February 2008.
  46. ^ "When the Walls Come Down". New York Times. 14 October 2009.
  47. ^ a b c Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
  48. ^ "Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database". World Health Organization. 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014.
  49. ^ "Iraq election: Fire at Baghdad ballot paper depot", BBC News, 10 June 2018
  50. ^ "A new wave of Arab protesters say, 'It's the economy, stupid!'". CNN. 4 October 2019.
  51. ^ "Iraqi Army Ordered Out of Sadr City, Where Dozens Died at Protests". New York Times. The Associated Press. 7 October 2019.
  52. ^ 24 December 2019 | 04:13 بالصورة..رسالة الشهيد صفاء السراي تصل إلى يونس محمود بغداد بوست Archived 11 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  53. ^ AP, Qassim Abdul-Zahra. "Iraq officials: 4 protesters killed in Baghdad clashes". Washington Post. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  54. ^ Gal Perl Finkel, Potential for strategic turns, The Jerusalem Post, 16 February 2020.
  55. ^ Tom O'Connor; James Laporta (2 January 2020). "Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  56. ^ "At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad". CNN News. 21 January 2021.
  57. ^ "Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally". ALJAZEERA News. 25 May 2021.
  58. ^ "Suicide attack in Iraq's Sadr City kills at least 35, wounds dozens -sources". Reuters. 20 July 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.

Bibliography

[edit]

Published in 17th–18th centuries

[edit]

Published in 19th century

[edit]

Published in 20th century

[edit]

Published in 21st century

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Baghdad.

33°19′30″N 44°25′19″E / 33.325°N 44.422°E / 33.325; 44.422

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