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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Baghdad, Iraq.

2000 BCE – Babylonian city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).^[1]
762 CE
- Round City construction begins per Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur.^[2]^[3]^[1]
- Al-Khassakiyya mosque built.^[4]
767 – Al-Mansur Mosque built.^[4]
775 – Bab al-Taq (gate) built.^[5]
786 – Harun al-Rashid in power.^[6]
794 – Paper mill in operation.^[6]^[7]
799 – Mashhad al-Kazimiyya built.^[4]
812-813 Siege of Baghdad, Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
814 – City captured by al-Ma'mun.^[6]
827 – Tomb of Zobeide built.^[8]
836 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tasim relocated from Baghdad to Samarra.^[9]
850 – Book of Ingenious Devices published.^[10]
855 – Funeral of Ahmad ibn Hanbal.^[11]
861 – 11 December: Caliph Al-Mutawakkil assassinated.^[6]
865 – City wall built.^[12]
865-866 Caliphal Civil War, was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra" between the rival caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz.
892 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tamid relocated to Baghdad from Samarra.^[9]
901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.^[13]
908 – Al-Khulafa Mosque built.^[4]
946 – Battle of Baghdad; Shia Buyids in power.^[9]
993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.^[14]
1055 – Seljuq Nizam al-Mulk in power.^[6]
1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.^[14]
1066 – Abu Hanifa Mosque restored.^{[citation needed]}
1067 – Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (college) established.^[9]^[15]
1095 – City wall rebuilt.^[12]
1157 - Siege of Baghdad, Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
1180 – Caliph al-Nasir in power.
1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.^[4]
1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).^[4]
1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.^[8]
1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.^[4]
1226 - al-Baghdadi compiles Kitab al-Tabikh (1226) [ar] (cookbook).
1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.^[4]
1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).^[4]
1232 – Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah established.^[4]^[13]
1252 – Shrine of Abdul-Kadir built.^[8]
1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol Hulagu Khan during the Siege of Baghdad; most of population killed.^[9]^[1]
1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).^[9]
1326 – Ibn Battuta visits city.^[16]
1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.^[4]
1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.^[4]
1393 – City captured by Timur.^[9]
1401 – City captured by Timur again.^[9]^[1]
1405 – Sultan Ahmed Jalayir in power.^[9]
1417 – City taken by Qara Yusuf.^[8]
1468 – Aq Qoyunlu in power.^[6]

16th–19th centuries

1508 - City taken by Persian Ismail I.^[17]
1534
- Capture of Baghdad by Ottomans.^[9]
- Mausoleum of Abdul-Qadir al-Gilani built.^[4]
1535 – City becomes capital of the Baghdad Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.
1544 – City taken by forces of Suleiman I.^[8]
1578 – Al-Muradiyya Mosque built.^[4]
1601 – Coffeehouse built.^[18]
1602 – City taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia.^[8]^[1]
1623 – 23 January: Capture of Baghdad by Safavids.^[9]^[1]
1625 - Siege of Baghdad, Ottoman–Safavid Wars
1638 – Capture of Baghdad by forces of Ottoman Murad IV.^[19]
1682 – Khaseki mosque built.^[1]
1683 – City besieged.^[9]
1780 – Mamluk Sulayman Pasha the Great in power.^[9]
1795 – Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya built.^[4]
1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.^[9]
1816 – Mamluk Dawud Pasha in power.^[9]
1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).^[20]
1826 – Haydar-Khana Mosque constructed in its current form.^[4]
1830
- British East Indian Company in residence (approximate date).^[9]
- Plague.^[21]
1831 – Flood, then famine.^[9]
1841 – Lynch Brothers in business.^[22]
1848 – Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad established.
1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from Babylonian city of Baghdadu.^[1]
1861 – Istanbul-Baghdad telegraph line installed.^[23]
1865
- Basrah-Baghdad telegraph line installed.^[23]
- Alliance Israélite boys' school established.^[1]
1869 – Midhat Pasha in power.^[9]
1870
- Municipal council established.^[9]
- City walls demolished.^[13]
1871 – Population: 65,000.^[21]
1880 – Turkish camel post begins operating (approximate date).^[1]
1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).^[8]
1899 – Alliance Israélite girls' school established.^[1]

20th century

1900s–1940s

1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).^[24]
1909 – Cinema built.^[25]
1911 – Ottoman XIII Corps headquartered in Baghdad.
1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).^[26]
1914 – October: Samarra-Baghdad railway begins operating.^[9]
1915
- Istanbul-Baghdad railway begins operating.^[6]
- Al-Rasheed Street laid out.^[6]
- Cholera epidemic.^[9]
1917
- March: Fall of Baghdad (1917); British in power.^[27]^[28]
- Cinema opens.^[9]
- Rasheed Street becomes the first to be electrically illuminated in Iraq^[29]

1919 – Guardians of Independence organized.
1920
- City becomes capital of the British Mandate of Iraq.
- Iraqi revolt against the British.
- Maktabat al-Salam (library) established.
1926 – Baghdad Antiquities Museum founded.
1927 – British Imperial Airways begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basra flights.^[9]
1929 – Al-Maktabatil Aammah (public library) active.
1931 – Strike.^[30]
1936 – Military coup.^[9]
1940 – Iraqi Music Institute inaugurated.^[31]
1941 - Iraqi coup d'état in Baghdad, World War II
1941
- May: Anglo-Iraqi War.^[32]
- June: Farhud (pogrom against Jews).
1944 – Baghdad Symphony Orchestra founded.
1946 – Al-Sarafiya bridge built.
1947 - Population: 352,137.^[33]
1948
- Uprising.^[9]
- Popular Theatre Company^[31] and filmmaking Studio of Baghdad formed.^[25]

22. 1948 - Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries

1950s–1990s

1952
- Uprising.^[9]
- Modern Theatre Company formed.^[31]
1953 – Baghdad Central Station built.
1956
- Samarra Barrage constructed on the Tigris River near the city.^[34]
- May: Government television begins broadcasting.^[35]
- Uprising.^[36]
- Iraqi Artists Society formed.^[37]
1957
- University of Baghdad established.
- Demonstration.^[36]
1958
- 14 July: Iraqi coup d'état against king Faisal II at Royal Palace.^[36]
- City becomes capital of the Republic of Iraq.
1959
- Revolution City built.
- Al-Mabda' newspaper begins publication.
- Unknown Soldier monument erected on Firdos Square.^[34]
1960 – September: OPEC founded at Baghdad Conference (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela).
1961 – Iraq National Library and Archive established.
1963
- 8–10 February: Iraqi coup d'état.
- Khulafa Central Mosque built.
- Al-Mustansiriya University and Al-Rasheed Sport Club established.
1964 – Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital established.
1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.^[38]
1966
- Film festival held at Al-Rashid Cinema.^[39]
- Al-Shaab Stadium and Martyrs' Mosque built.^[4]
1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.^[31]
1968 – National Theatre Company established.^[31]
1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).^[40]
1971 – Baghdad Zoo opens.
1975 – Central Post Office built.^[4]
1978 – November: Arab League summit.
1980
- Iran–Iraq War begins.
- Film school of the Institute of Fine Arts established.^[39]
1981 – National Film Center and Saddam Hussein Gymnasium (now Baghdad Gymnasium) built.^[4]
1982
- Saddam International Airport, Al Rasheed Hotel, Palestine Meridien Hotel, and Baghdad Conference Palace^[4] built.
- Ishtar Sheraton Hotel opens.
- The Monument to the Unknown Soldier inaugurated.^[34]
1983 – Al-Shaheed Monument built.^[4]
1985
- Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.^[31]
- Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.^[4]
1987 - Population: 3,841,268.^[41]
1988 – Saddam University established.
1989 – Victory Arch erected.^[34]
1991
- Gulf War.
- 13 February: Amiriyah shelter bombing.
1993 – 26 June: Missile strikes by United States.
1994 – Baghdad Tower constructed.

21st century

2000s

2002 – April: Statue of Saddam Hussein erected in Firdos Square.
2003
- 3–12 April: Battle of Baghdad (2003); United States in power; Green Zone established.
- 9 April: Firdos Square statue destruction.
- 7 August: Jordanian embassy bombing.
- 19 August: Canal Hotel bombing.
- 27 October: Bombings.
2004
- 2 March: Ashura bombings.
- 29 May: Alaa al-Tamimi becomes mayor.^[42]
- 25 August: Baghdad International Airport reverts to civilian control.
- 12 September: Haifa Street helicopter incident.
- 14 September: Bombing.
2005
- 8 August: Municipal coup d'état.^[42]
- 31 August: 2005 Baghdad bridge stampede.
- Baghdad International Film Festival begins.^[43]
2006
- 22 February: Battle of Baghdad (2006–2008)
- 7 April: Buratha Mosque bombing.
- 1 July: Sadr City bombing.
- 9 July: Hay al Jihad massacre.
- 23 November: Sadr City bombings.
2007
- 16 January: Mustansiriya University bombings.
- 22 January: Bombings.
- 3 February: Market bombing.
- 14 February: Baghdad Security Plan effected.
- 18 February: Bombings.
- 5 March: Mutanabbi Street bombed.^[44]
- 29 March: Bombings.
- April: Adhamiyah neighborhood Wall construction begins.^[45]
- 26 July: Market bombing.
- 1 August: Bombings.
2008
- Baghdad Metro resumes operation.
- 6 March: Bombing.
- 17 June: Bombing.
2009
- 1 January: Control of Green Zone transferred from US to Iraq.
- Dismantling of war-time blast walls begins.^[46]
- 19 August: Bombings.

2010s

2010
- 17 August: Bombings.
- Baghdad FC Stadium opens.
2012
- 5 January: Bombings.
- 27 January: Bombing.^[47]
- 23 February: 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks.^[47]
- 4 June: Bombing of Shia office.^[47]
2015 - Air pollution in Baghdad reaches annual mean of 88 PM2.5 and 208 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[48]
2016 - 3 July: Bombing in Karrada.
2018 - 10 June: Election ballot warehouse catches fire.^[49]
2019
- 1 October: Protests erupted in Baghdad in Liberation Square^[50]
- 7 October: Dozens of protesters were killed and hundreds were injured in Sadr City.^[51]
- 28 October: Safaa Al Sarai killed ^[52]
- 14 November: Four people were killed and 62 injured in Baghdad in clashes between security forces and protesters.^[53]

2020s

2020
- 3 January: Qasem Soleimani was assassinated by a U.S. drone strike near Baghdad International Airport.^[54]^[55]
2021
- 21 January: Bombings.^[56]
- 24 April: Hospital fire.
- 25 May: anti-government protests.^[57]
- 19 July: Bombing.^[58]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke; Peters, John Punnett (1910). "Bagdad (city)" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 194–198.
^ Charles Wendell (1971). "Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 2 (2): 99–128. doi:10.1017/S0020743800000994. JSTOR 162258. S2CID 163049281.
^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Baghdad". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15388-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ArchNet. "Baghdad". Archived from the original on 10 December 2012.
^ Jacob Lassner (1966). "Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 9 (1/2): 1–27. doi:10.2307/3596170. JSTOR 3596170.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Jacqueline Griffin (1996), "Baghdad", in Trudy Ring (ed.), Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-884964-03-9
^ History of Printing Timeline, American Printing History Association, retrieved 6 May 2016
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Charles Wilson, ed. (1895), "Baghdad", Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc., London: John Murray, ISBN 978-0-524-06214-2, OCLC 8979039
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
^ Jim Al-Khalili (2010), Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science, London: Allen Lane, ISBN 978-1-84614-161-4
^ Felix Jones (1856). "Brief Observations, Forming an Appendix to the Map of Baghdad". Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society. 12. Bombay.
^ ^a ^b George Makdisi (1959). "Topography of Eleventh Century Baġdād: Materials and Notes". Arabica. 6 (2): 178–197. doi:10.1163/157005859X00334. JSTOR 4055493.
^ ^a ^b ^c Francoise Micheau (2008). "Baghdad in the Abbasid Era". The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16240-2.
^ ^a ^b George Makdisi (1961). "Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 24 (1): 1–56. doi:10.1017/s0041977x0014039x. JSTOR 610293. S2CID 154869619.
^ "West Asia: Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
^ Michael Cooperson (1996). "Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative". Muqarnas. 13. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012.
^ Justin Marozzi (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-194804-1.
^ Markman Ellis (2004). The Coffee-House: a Cultural History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84319-2.
^ "Bagdad". Edinburgh Gazetteer (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. 1829.
^ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Bagdad", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
^ ^a ^b Edward Balfour, ed. (1871). "Baghdad". Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (2nd ed.). Madras: Scottish and Adelphi Press.
^ Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History. Oxford University Press. 1988.
^ ^a ^b Soli Shahvar (2003). "Tribes and Telegraphs in Lower Iraq: The Muntafiq and the Baghdad-Basrah Telegraph Line of 1863-65". Middle Eastern Studies. 39 (1): 89–116. doi:10.1080/00263200412331301607. JSTOR 4284278. S2CID 145792034.
^ Lorimer (1908). "City of Baghdad". Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing India.
^ ^a ^b Oliver Leaman, ed. (2001), Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-18703-9
^ "Baghdad", Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912
^ "Iraq Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
^ "Ministry of Electricity". 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
^ Peter Sluglett (2007), Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932, NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-14200-7
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Don Rubin, ed. (1999), World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre, London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-05932-1
^ Richard Overy, ed. (2013). New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945. USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60376-377-6.
^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Caecilia Pieri (2008). "Modernity and its Posts in Constructing an Arab Capital: Baghdad's Urban Space and Architecture". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 42 (1/2): 32–39. JSTOR 23063540.
^ Douglas A. Boyd (1982). "Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country". Middle Eastern Studies. 18 (4): 400–410. doi:10.1080/00263208208700522. JSTOR 4282908.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kwasi Kwarteng (2011), Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world, New York: PublicAffairs
^ Orit Bashkin (2008), The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-5992-2
^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1976. pp. 253–279.
^ ^a ^b Terri Ginsberg; Chris Lippard (2010), Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema, USA: Scarecrow Press
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1987. pp. 247–289.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
^ ^a ^b "Baghdad Mayor Is Ousted by a Shiite Group and Replaced". New York Times. 10 August 2005.
^ "Baghdad International Film Festival". Retrieved 13 April 2013.
^ "Baghdad car bomb hits book market". Al Jazeera. 6 March 2007.
^ "Baghdad security walls curb violence, at a cost". Reuters. 6 February 2008.
^ "When the Walls Come Down". New York Times. 14 October 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
^ "Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database". World Health Organization. 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014.
^ "Iraq election: Fire at Baghdad ballot paper depot", BBC News, 10 June 2018
^ "A new wave of Arab protesters say, 'It's the economy, stupid!'". CNN. 4 October 2019.
^ "Iraqi Army Ordered Out of Sadr City, Where Dozens Died at Protests". New York Times. The Associated Press. 7 October 2019.
^ 24 December 2019 | 04:13 بالصورة..رسالة الشهيد صفاء السراي تصل إلى يونس محمود بغداد بوست Archived 11 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
^ AP, Qassim Abdul-Zahra. "Iraq officials: 4 protesters killed in Baghdad clashes". Washington Post. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
^ Gal Perl Finkel, Potential for strategic turns, The Jerusalem Post, 16 February 2020.
^ Tom O'Connor; James Laporta (2 January 2020). "Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
^ "At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad". CNN News. 21 January 2021.
^ "Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally". ALJAZEERA News. 25 May 2021.
^ "Suicide attack in Iraq's Sadr City kills at least 35, wounds dozens -sources". Reuters. 20 July 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.

Bibliography

Published in 17th–18th centuries

Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1676). "(Bagdat)". Les Six Voyages (in French). Paris.
Allain Manesson Mallet (1683), "De la ville de Bagdet", Description de l'univers (in French), Paris: Denys Thierry
Barthélemy d' Herbelot (1777), "Bagdad", Bibliotheque orientale (in French), The Hague: J. Neaulme & N. van Daalen

Published in 19th century

J.B.L.J. Rousseau (1809). Description du pachalik de Bagdad (in French).
Abraham Rees (1819), "Bagdad", The Cycloppædia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
Robert Ker Porter (1821), "(Bagdad)", Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, ancient Babylonia, &c. &c, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, OCLC 5524754
Robert Mignan (1829), "(Bagdad)", Travels in Chaldæa, London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley
David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Bagdad". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
Anthony Norris Groves (1832), Journal of a residence at Bagdad during the years 1830 and 1831, London: J. Nisbet, OCLC 5000777, OL 13493447M
"Bagdad". American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge. 1. Boston: Boston Bewick Co. 1834. hdl:2027/hvd.hny8ty.
Josiah Conder (1834), "Bagdad", Dictionary of Geography, Ancient and Modern, London: T. Tegg
James Raymond Wellsted (1840), "Bagdat", Travels to the City of the Caliphs, along the Shores of the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, London: H. Colburn, OCLC 5395027
Thomas Bartlett (1841). "Bagdad". New Tablet of Memory; or, Chronicle of Remarkable Events. London: Thomas Kelly.
Theodore Alois Buckley (1862), "Bagdad", Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
George Henry Townsend (1867), "Bagdad", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "Baghdad", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202
Grattan Geary (1878), "City of the Caliphs", Through Asiatic Turkey, London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, OCLC 4918876
Ibn Serapion; Guy Le Strange (1895). "Description of Mesopotamia and Baghdad, written about the year 900 AD by Ibn Serapion". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. London. hdl:2027/mdp.39015020450659.
Max Freiherr von Oppenheim (1899), "Baġdād", Vom Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf (in German), Berlin: D. Reimer (E. Vohsen), OCLC 13166400
Guy Le Strange (1900), Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate, Oxford: Clarendon Press (Bibliography + Index).

Published in 20th century

"Bagdad", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
Pedro Teixeira (1902), "Concerning the City of Bagdad", The Travels of Pedro Teixeira, translated by William F. Sinclair, London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society
Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (1904), L' introduction topographique â l'histoire de Bagdâdh d'Aboû Bakr Aḥmad ibn Thâbit al-Khatîb al-Bagdâdhî (in French), translated by George Salmon, Paris: É. Bouillon, OCLC 23419471, OL 6942714M
"Bagdad", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 2, New York: KTAV Publishing House, 1907
"Bagdad". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.
Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Bagdad", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke; Peters, John Punnett (1910). "Bagdad (city)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 194–198.
"Baghdad". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1913. p. 563?+. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
Sven Hedin (1918), "Bagdad einst und jetzt", Bagdad, Babylon, Ninive (in German), Leipzig: Brockhaus
Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi (1923–1924). M. Bahjat al-Atharī (ed.). Manāqib Baghdād (in Arabic). Baghdād: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Salām.
Freya Stark (1932). Baghdad Sketches.
Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Baghdad", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 140, OL 6112221M
Ibn al-Banna; George Makdisi (1956–1957). "Autograph diary of an eleventh-century historian of Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 18: 9–31. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00122189. S2CID 246637775.
"Baghdad", Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 92, OL 5812502M
J. Gulick (1967). "Baghdad: portrait of a city in physical and cultural change". Journal of the American Institute of Planners. 33 (4): 246–255. doi:10.1080/01944366708977925.
Jacob Lassner. The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages. Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1970.
Gaston Wiet (1971), Baghdad: metropolis of the Abbasid caliphate, translated by Seymour Feiler, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 0-8061-0922-X
"Iraq: Baghdad", Middle East, Australia: Lonely Planet, 1994, p. 302+, OL 16516298W
Hanne, Eric J. "The Caliphate revisited: The Abbasids of eleventh and twelfth century Baghdad" (PhD dissertation, University of Michigan; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1998. 9909898).
John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Baghdad". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 43+. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9.
Stefano Bianca (2000), "Baghdad: an Arab Metropolis between Conservation and Redevelopment", Urban form in the Arab world, Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich, ISBN 3-7281-1972-5

Published in 21st century

Hoshiar Nooradin (2004). "Globalization and the search for modern local architecture: learning from Baghdad". In Yasser Elsheshtawy (ed.). Planning Middle Eastern Cities: An Urban Kaleidoscope. Routledge. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-134-41010-1.
Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq (2007). Annals of the Caliphs' Kitchens: Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq's Tenth-Century Baghdadi Cookbook. Translated by Nawal Nasrallah. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15867-2.
Dina Rizk Khoury (2008). "Violence and spatial politics between the local and imperial: Baghdad 1778-1810". In Gyan Prakash; Kevin Michael Kruse (eds.). Spaces of the Modern City: Imaginaries, Politics, and Everyday Life. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13343-0.
Luc-Normand Tellier (2009). "Baghdad Urbexplosion". Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective. Presses de l'Université du Québec. p. 195+. ISBN 978-2-7605-2209-1.
Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). "Baghdad". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
Mona Damluji (2010). "'Securing Democracy In Iraq': Sectarian Politics and Segregation in Baghdad, 2003-2007". Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review. 21. International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments – via University of California, Berkeley.

External links

"History of Baghdad". University of Baghdad.
Yezin Al-Qays (ed.). "Heart of Baghdad".
"Movie Theaters in Baghdad, Iraq". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC.
Harold W. Morgan (1917–1919). "Photograph album of Capt. W. Harold Morgan: Mesopotamia". (includes photos of Baghdad)
Europeana. Items related to Baghdad, various dates.

33°19′30″N 44°25′19″E / 33.325°N 44.422°E / 33.325; 44.422

[brit1910-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke; Peters, John Punnett (1910). "Bagdad (city)" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 194–198.

[2] Charles Wendell (1971). "Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 2 (2): 99–128. doi:10.1017/S0020743800000994. JSTOR 162258. S2CID 163049281.

[bosworth2007-3] Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Baghdad". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15388-2.

[archnet-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ArchNet. "Baghdad". Archived from the original on 10 December 2012.

[Lassner1966-5] Jacob Lassner (1966). "Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 9 (1/2): 1–27. doi:10.2307/3596170. JSTOR 3596170.

[griffin1996-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Jacqueline Griffin (1996), "Baghdad", in Trudy Ring (ed.), Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-884964-03-9

[7] History of Printing Timeline, American Printing History Association, retrieved 6 May 2016

[wilson1895-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Charles Wilson, ed. (1895), "Baghdad", Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc., London: John Murray, ISBN 978-0-524-06214-2, OCLC 8979039

[stanley2008-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO

[10] Jim Al-Khalili (2010), Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science, London: Allen Lane, ISBN 978-1-84614-161-4

[jones1856-11] Felix Jones (1856). "Brief Observations, Forming an Appendix to the Map of Baghdad". Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society. 12. Bombay.

[makdisi1959-12] George Makdisi (1959). "Topography of Eleventh Century Baġdād: Materials and Notes". Arabica. 6 (2): 178–197. doi:10.1163/157005859X00334. JSTOR 4055493.

[micheau2008-13] Francoise Micheau (2008). "Baghdad in the Abbasid Era". The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16240-2.

[makdisi1961-14] George Makdisi (1961). "Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 24 (1): 1–56. doi:10.1017/s0041977x0014039x. JSTOR 610293. S2CID 154869619.

[MMA-wam07-15] "West Asia: Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 3 October 2014.

[16] Michael Cooperson (1996). "Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative". Muqarnas. 13. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012.

[Marozzi2014-17] Justin Marozzi (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-194804-1.

[18] Markman Ellis (2004). The Coffee-House: a Cultural History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84319-2.

[19] "Bagdad". Edinburgh Gazetteer (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. 1829.

[20] Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Bagdad", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse

[balfour1871-21] Edward Balfour, ed. (1871). "Baghdad". Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (2nd ed.). Madras: Scottish and Adelphi Press.

[22] Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History. Oxford University Press. 1988.

[shahvar2003-23] Soli Shahvar (2003). "Tribes and Telegraphs in Lower Iraq: The Muntafiq and the Baghdad-Basrah Telegraph Line of 1863-65". Middle Eastern Studies. 39 (1): 89–116. doi:10.1080/00263200412331301607. JSTOR 4284278. S2CID 145792034.

[Lorimer1908-24] Lorimer (1908). "City of Baghdad". Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing India.

[Leaman2001-25] Oliver Leaman, ed. (2001), Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-18703-9

[26] "Baghdad", Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912

[bbc-timeline-27] "Iraq Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2013.

[28] Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.

[29] "Ministry of Electricity". 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2023.

[30] Peter Sluglett (2007), Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932, NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-14200-7

[rubin1999-31] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Don Rubin, ed. (1999), World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre, London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-05932-1

[overy2013-32] Richard Overy, ed. (2013). New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945. USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60376-377-6.

[33] "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.

[pieri2008-34] Caecilia Pieri (2008). "Modernity and its Posts in Constructing an Arab Capital: Baghdad's Urban Space and Architecture". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 42 (1/2): 32–39. JSTOR 23063540.

[35] Douglas A. Boyd (1982). "Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country". Middle Eastern Studies. 18 (4): 400–410. doi:10.1080/00263208208700522. JSTOR 4282908.

[kwarteng2011-36] Kwasi Kwarteng (2011), Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world, New York: PublicAffairs

[37] Orit Bashkin (2008), The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-5992-2

[38] "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1976. pp. 253–279.

[ginsberg2010-39] Terri Ginsberg; Chris Lippard (2010), Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema, USA: Scarecrow Press

[40] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1987. pp. 247–289.

[41] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.

[nyt20050810-42] "Baghdad Mayor Is Ousted by a Shiite Group and Replaced". New York Times. 10 August 2005.

[43] "Baghdad International Film Festival". Retrieved 13 April 2013.

[44] "Baghdad car bomb hits book market". Al Jazeera. 6 March 2007.

[45] "Baghdad security walls curb violence, at a cost". Reuters. 6 February 2008.

[46] "When the Walls Come Down". New York Times. 14 October 2009.

[britannica2013-47] Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.

[48] "Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database". World Health Organization. 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014.

[49] "Iraq election: Fire at Baghdad ballot paper depot", BBC News, 10 June 2018

[50] "A new wave of Arab protesters say, 'It's the economy, stupid!'". CNN. 4 October 2019.

[51] "Iraqi Army Ordered Out of Sadr City, Where Dozens Died at Protests". New York Times. The Associated Press. 7 October 2019.

[52] 24 December 2019 | 04:13 بالصورة..رسالة الشهيد صفاء السراي تصل إلى يونس محمود بغداد بوست Archived 11 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine

[53] AP, Qassim Abdul-Zahra. "Iraq officials: 4 protesters killed in Baghdad clashes". Washington Post. Retrieved 15 November 2019.

[54] Gal Perl Finkel, Potential for strategic turns, The Jerusalem Post, 16 February 2020.

[NEWSWEEK01-02-2020-55] Tom O'Connor; James Laporta (2 January 2020). "Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.

[CNN_News-56] "At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad". CNN News. 21 January 2021.

[ALJAZEERA_News-57] "Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally". ALJAZEERA News. 25 May 2021.

[58] "Suicide attack in Iraq's Sadr City kills at least 35, wounds dozens -sources". Reuters. 20 July 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.

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@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 # 2000 BCE – [[Babylonia]]n city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).<ref name="brit1910" />
 # 762 CE
-#*[[Round city of Baghdad|Round City]] construction begins per [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid Caliph]] [[al-Mansur]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore |author= Charles Wendell |journal= International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume= 2 |issue= 2 |pages= 99–128 |year= 1971 |jstor=162258 |doi= 10.1017/S0020743800000994 |s2cid= 163049281 }}</ref><ref name="bosworth2007">{{cite book |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |editor=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |year=2007 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC&pg=PA30 |chapter=Baghdad |isbn=978-9004153882 }}</ref><ref name="brit1910"/>
+#*[[Round city of Baghdad|Round City]] construction begins per [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid Caliph]] [[al-Mansur]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore |author= Charles Wendell |journal= International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume= 2 |issue= 2 |pages= 99–128 |year= 1971 |jstor=162258 |doi= 10.1017/S0020743800000994 |s2cid= 163049281 }}</ref><ref name="bosworth2007">{{cite book |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |editor=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |year=2007 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC&pg=PA30 |chapter=Baghdad |isbn=978-90-04-15388-2 }}</ref><ref name="brit1910"/>
-#* Al-Khassakiyya mosque built.<ref name="archnet">{{cite web |author=ArchNet |author-link=ArchNet |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1492 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210073512/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1492 |archive-date=December 2012 |title=Baghdad }}</ref>
+#* Al-Khassakiyya mosque built.<ref name="archnet">{{cite web |author=ArchNet |author-link=ArchNet |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1492 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210073512/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1492 |archive-date=2012-12-10 |title=Baghdad }}</ref>
 # 767 – [[Al-Mansur Mosque]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 775 – [[Bab al-Taq]] (gate) built.<ref name="Lassner1966">{{cite journal |title=Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City |author= Jacob Lassner |journal= Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume= 9 |issue= 1/2 |pages= 1–27 |year=1966 |doi= 10.2307/3596170 |jstor=3596170 }}</ref>
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 # 799 – [[Al-Kadhimiya Mosque|Mashhad al-Kazimiyya]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 812-813 [[Siege of Baghdad (812–813)|Siege of Baghdad]], Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
-# 814 – City captured by [[al-Ma'mun]].<ref name="griffin1996">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964039 |title = Middle East and Africa |series=International Dictionary of Historic Places |editor = Trudy Ring |date = 1996 |author=Jacqueline Griffin |chapter=Baghdad }}</ref>
+# 814 – City captured by [[al-Ma'mun]].<ref name="griffin1996">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 978-1-884964-03-9 |title = Middle East and Africa |series=International Dictionary of Historic Places |editor = Trudy Ring |date = 1996 |author=Jacqueline Griffin |chapter=Baghdad }}</ref>
 # 827 – Tomb of [[Zubaidah bint Ja`far|Zobeide]] built.<ref name="wilson1895" />
 # 836 – [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of [[Al-Mu'tasim]] relocated from Baghdad to [[Samarra]].<ref name="stanley2008">{{Citation |publisher = ABC-CLIO |location = Santa Barbara, USA |editor1 = Michael R.T. Dumper |editor2=Bruce E. Stanley |chapter= Baghdad |title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |date = 2008 }}</ref>
-# 850 – ''[[Book of Ingenious Devices]]'' published.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Allen Lane |isbn = 9781846141614 |location = London |title = Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science |author = Jim Al-Khalili |date = 2010 }}</ref>
+# 850 – ''[[Book of Ingenious Devices]]'' published.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Allen Lane |isbn = 978-1-84614-161-4 |location = London |title = Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science |author = Jim Al-Khalili |date = 2010 }}</ref>
 # 855 – Funeral of [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]].<ref name="jones1856">{{cite journal |year=1856 |location=Bombay |journal=Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society |volume=12 |author=Felix Jones |title=Brief Observations, Forming an Appendix to the Map of Baghdad |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HNzuf4Z2CR4C&pg=PA53 }}</ref>
 # 861 – 11 December: Caliph [[Al-Mutawakkil]] assassinated.<ref name="griffin1996" />
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 # 865-866 [[Caliphal Civil War (865–866)|Caliphal Civil War]], was an armed conflict during the "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]" between the rival [[caliphs]] [[al-Musta'in]] and [[al-Mu'tazz]].
 # 892 – [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of [[Al-Mu'tamid]] relocated to Baghdad from [[Samarra]].<ref name="stanley2008" />
-# 901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.<ref name="micheau2008">{{cite book |author=Francoise Micheau |chapter=Baghdad in the Abbasid Era |location= Leiden |publisher= Koninklijke Brill |year=2008 |title=The City in the Islamic World |isbn=9789004162402 }}</ref>
+# 901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.<ref name="micheau2008">{{cite book |author=Francoise Micheau |chapter=Baghdad in the Abbasid Era |location= Leiden |publisher= Koninklijke Brill |year=2008 |title=The City in the Islamic World |isbn=978-90-04-16240-2 }}</ref>
-# 908 – Khulafa Mosque built.<ref name="archnet" />
+# 908 – [[Al-Khulafa Mosque]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 946 – [[Battle of Baghdad (946)|Battle of Baghdad]]; Shia [[Buyid dynasty|Buyids]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
 # 993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.<ref name="makdisi1961" />
 # 1055 – [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuq]] [[Nizam al-Mulk]] in power.<ref name="griffin1996" />
-# 1157 - [[Siege of Baghdad (1157)|Siege of Baghdad]], Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
 # 1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.<ref name="makdisi1961">{{cite journal |title=Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad |author= George Makdisi |journal= Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume= 24 |issue= 1 |year=1961 |jstor=610293 | doi = 10.1017/s0041977x0014039x |pages=1–56|s2cid= 154869619 }}</ref>
 # 1066 – [[Abu Hanifa Mosque]] restored.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}
 # 1067 – [[Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad]] (college) established.<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="MMA-wam07">{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=07&region=wam#/Key-EventsKey-Events |title= West Asia: Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |location=New York |access-date=3 October 2014 }}</ref>
 # 1095 – City wall rebuilt.<ref name="makdisi1959">{{cite journal |title= Topography of Eleventh Century Baġdād: Materials and Notes |author= George Makdisi |journal= Arabica |volume= 6 |issue= 2 |year= 1959 |jstor=4055493 |pages=178–197|doi= 10.1163/157005859X00334 }}</ref>
+# 1157 - [[Siege of Baghdad (1157)|Siege of Baghdad]], Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
-# 1180 – Caliph [[Al-Nasir]] in power.
+# 1180 – Caliph [[al-Nasir]] in power.
 # 1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).<ref name="archnet" />
 # 1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.<ref name="wilson1895" />
 # 1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.<ref name="archnet" />
-# 1226 - [[Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi|al-Baghdadi]] compiles {{Interlanguage link multi|Kitab al-Tabikh (1226)|ar|3=كتاب الطبيخ}} (cookbook).
+# 1226 - [[Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi|al-Baghdadi]] compiles {{Interlanguage link|Kitab al-Tabikh (1226)|ar|3=كتاب الطبيخ}} (cookbook).
 # 1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).<ref name="archnet" />
-# 1232 – [[Mustansiriya Madrasah]] established.<ref name="archnet" /><ref name="micheau2008" />
+# 1232 – [[Mustansiriya Madrasah|Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah]] established.<ref name="archnet" /><ref name="micheau2008" />
 # 1252 – Shrine of [[Abdul-Qadir Gilani|Abdul-Kadir]] built.<ref name="wilson1895" />
 # 1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol [[Hulagu Khan]] during the [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|Siege of Baghdad]]; most of population killed.<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
 # 1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).<ref name="stanley2008" />
-# 1326 – [[Ibn Battuta]] visits city.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative |author=Michael Cooperson |journal=[[Muqarnas (journal)|Muqarnas]] |volume=13 |year=1996 |url=http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=5201 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023152439/http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=5201 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
+# 1326 – [[Ibn Battuta]] visits city.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative |author=Michael Cooperson |journal=[[Muqarnas (journal)|Muqarnas]] |volume=13 |year=1996 |url=http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=5201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023152439/http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=5201 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 # 1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.<ref name="archnet" />
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 # 1401 – [[Siege of Baghdad (1401)|City captured]] by [[Timur]] again.<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
 # 1405 – [[Sultan Ahmed Jalayir]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
-# 1417 – City taken by [[Qara Yusuf]].<ref name="wilson1895">{{Citation |publisher = [[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |location = London |title = Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc. |editor= Charles Wilson |editor-link=Charles William Wilson |date = 1895 |oclc = 8979039 |chapter=Baghdad |isbn = 9780524062142 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icy5QKym2BoC&pg=PA301 }}</ref>
+# 1417 – City taken by [[Qara Yusuf]].<ref name="wilson1895">{{Citation |publisher = [[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |location = London |title = Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc. |editor= Charles Wilson |editor-link=Charles William Wilson |date = 1895 |oclc = 8979039 |chapter=Baghdad |isbn = 978-0-524-06214-2 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icy5QKym2BoC&pg=PA301 }}</ref>
 # 1468 – [[Aq Qoyunlu]] in power.<ref name="griffin1996" />
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 # 1534
 #*[[Capture of Baghdad (1534)|Capture of Baghdad]] by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]].<ref name="stanley2008" />
-#* Jami' Abd al-Qadir al-Jaylani built.<ref name="archnet" />
+#* [[Mausoleum of Abdul-Qadir Gilani|Mausoleum of Abdul-Qadir al-Gilani]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 1535 – City becomes capital of the [[Baghdad Eyalet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
 # 1544 – City taken by forces of [[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman I]].<ref name="wilson1895" />
-# 1578 – Jami' Murad Basha built.<ref name="archnet" />
+# 1578 – [[Al-Muradiyya Mosque]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
-# 1601 – Coffeehouse built.<ref>{{cite book|author= Markman Ellis |title=The Coffee-House: a Cultural History |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |year= 2004 |isbn=0297843192 }}</ref>
+# 1601 – Coffeehouse built.<ref>{{cite book|author= Markman Ellis |title=The Coffee-House: a Cultural History |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |year= 2004 |isbn=0-297-84319-2 }}</ref>
 # 1602 – City taken by forces of [[Abbas I of Persia]].<ref name="wilson1895" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
 # 1623 – 23 January: [[Capture of Baghdad (1623)|Capture of Baghdad]] by [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]].<ref name="stanley2008" /><ref name="brit1910"/>
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 # 1683 – City besieged.<ref name="stanley2008" />
 # 1780 – [[Mamluk dynasty of Iraq|Mamluk]] [[Sulayman Pasha the Great]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
-# 1795 – Jami al-Maydan built.<ref name="archnet" />
+# 1795 – [[Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.<ref name="stanley2008" />
 # 1816 – [[Mamluk dynasty of Iraq|Mamluk]] [[Dawud Pasha of Baghdad|Dawud Pasha]] in power.<ref name="stanley2008" />
 # 1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).<ref>{{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |location = New Haven |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |author-link1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = A New Universal Gazetteer |date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/73/mode/1up |chapter= Bagdad }}</ref>
-# 1826 – Jami' Haydar Khanah built.<ref name="archnet" />
+# 1826 – [[Haydar-Khana Mosque]] constructed in its current form.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 1830
 #*[[British East Indian Company]] in residence (approximate date).<ref name="stanley2008" />
 #* Plague.<ref name="balfour1871" />
 # 1831 – Flood, then famine.<ref name="stanley2008" />
-# 1841 – [[Henry Blosse Lynch|Lynch Brothers]] in business.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914 : A Documentary Economic History |year=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>
+# 1841 – [[Henry Blosse Lynch|Lynch Brothers]] in business.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History |year=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>
 # 1848 – [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad]] established.
 # 1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from [[Babylonia]]n city of Baghdadu.<ref name="brit1910" />
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 #* Municipal council established.<ref name="stanley2008" />
 #* City walls demolished.<ref name="micheau2008" />
-# 1871 – Population: 65,000.<ref name="balfour1871">{{cite book |title=Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia |year=1871 |edition=2nd |location=Madras |editor=Edward Balfour |editor-link=Edward Balfour |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=R-NSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA289 |chapter= Baghdad }}</ref>
+# 1871 – Population: 65,000.<ref name="balfour1871">{{cite book |title=Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia |year=1871 |edition=2nd |location=Madras |publisher=Scottish and Adelphi Press |editor=Edward Balfour |editor-link=Edward Balfour |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=R-NSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA289 |chapter= Baghdad }}</ref>
 # 1880 – Turkish [[camel post]] begins operating (approximate date).<ref name="brit1910" />
 # 1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).<ref name="wilson1895" />
@@ Line 101: / Line 101: @@
 ===1900s–1940s===
-# 1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).<ref name="Lorimer1908">{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf |year=1908 |location=Calcutta |chapter=City of Baghdad |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lnXiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA196 |author=Lorimer }}</ref>
+# 1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).<ref name="Lorimer1908">{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf |year=1908 |location=Calcutta |publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing India |chapter=City of Baghdad |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lnXiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA196 |author=Lorimer }}</ref>
-# 1909 – Cinema built.<ref name="Leaman2001">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9780415187039 |title = Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film |editor = Oliver Leaman |date = 2001 }}</ref>
+# 1909 – Cinema built.<ref name="Leaman2001">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 978-0-415-18703-9 |title = Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film |editor = Oliver Leaman |date = 2001 }}</ref>
 # 1911 – Ottoman [[XIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XIII Corps]] headquartered in Baghdad.
 # 1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).<ref>{{Citation |publisher = [[List of Baedeker Guides|Karl Baedeker]] |location = Leipzig |title = Palestine and Syria |edition =5th |date = 1912 |chapter=Baghdad |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BykoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA430 }}</ref>
@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 # 1915
 #* Istanbul-Baghdad railway begins operating.<ref name="griffin1996" />
-#*[[Al Rasheed Street]] laid out.<ref name="griffin1996" />
+#*[[Al-Rasheed Street]] laid out.<ref name="griffin1996" />
 #* Cholera epidemic.<ref name="stanley2008" />
 # 1917
@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 #* Maktabat al-Salam (library) established.
 # 1926 – [[National Museum of Iraq|Baghdad Antiquities Museum]] founded.
-# 1927 – British [[Imperial Airways]] begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basrah flights.<ref name="stanley2008" />
+# 1927 – British [[Imperial Airways]] begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basra flights.<ref name="stanley2008" />
 # 1929 – Al-Maktabatil Aammah (public library) active.
-# 1931 – Strike.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |location = NY |title = Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932 |author = Peter Sluglett |date = 2007 |isbn=9780231142007 }}</ref>
+# 1931 – Strike.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |location = NY |title = Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932 |author = Peter Sluglett |date = 2007 |isbn=978-0-231-14200-7 }}</ref>
 # 1936 – Military coup.<ref name="stanley2008" />
 # 1940 – Iraqi Music Institute inaugurated.<ref name="rubin1999" />
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 #* May: Government television begins broadcasting.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country |author= Douglas A. Boyd |journal= Middle Eastern Studies |volume= 18 |issue= 4 |pages= 400–410 |year= 1982 |jstor=4282908 |doi= 10.1080/00263208208700522 }}</ref>
 #* Uprising.<ref name="kwarteng2011">{{Citation |publisher = PublicAffairs |location = New York |author = Kwasi Kwarteng |title = Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world  |date = 2011 }}</ref>
-#* Iraqi Artists Society formed.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Stanford University Press |location = Stanford, California |author = Orit Bashkin |title = The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq |date = 2008 |isbn=9780804759922 }}</ref>
+#* Iraqi Artists Society formed.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Stanford University Press |location = Stanford, California |author = Orit Bashkin |title = The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq |date = 2008 |isbn=978-0-8047-5992-2 }}</ref>
 # 1957
 #*[[University of Baghdad]] established.
@@ Line 166: / Line 166: @@
 #*[[Al-Mustansiriya University]] and [[Al-Karkh SC|Al-Rasheed Sport Club]] established.
 # 1964 – [[Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital]] established.
-# 1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 }}</ref>
+# 1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 }}</ref>
 # 1966
 #* Film festival held at Al-Rashid Cinema.<ref name="ginsberg2010">{{Citation |publisher = [[Scarecrow Press]] |location = USA |author1 = Terri Ginsberg |author2=Chris Lippard |title = Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema |date = 2010 }}</ref>
@@ Line 172: / Line 172: @@
 # 1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.<ref name="rubin1999" />
 # 1968 – National Theatre Company established.<ref name="rubin1999" />
-# 1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}</ref>
+# 1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}</ref>
 # 1971 – [[Baghdad Zoo]] opens.
 # 1975 – Central Post Office built.<ref name="archnet" />
@@ Line 186: / Line 186: @@
 # 1983 – [[Al-Shaheed Monument]] built.<ref name="archnet" />
 # 1985
-#* Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.<ref name="rubin1999">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 0415059321 |location = London |editor = Don Rubin |title = World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre |date = 1999 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2 }}</ref>
+#* Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.<ref name="rubin1999">{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 0-415-05932-1 |location = London |editor = Don Rubin |title = World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre |date = 1999 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2 }}</ref>
 #* Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.<ref name="archnet" />
-# 1987 - Population: 3,841,268.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262–321 }}</ref>
+# 1987 - Population: 3,841,268.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |publisher=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262–321 }}</ref>
 # 1988 – [[Nahrain University|Saddam University]] established.
 # 1989 – [[Victory Arch]] erected.<ref name="pieri2008" />
@@ Line 250: / Line 250: @@
 * 2012
 ** 5 January: [[5 January 2012 Iraq bombings|Bombings]].
-** 27 January: [[27 January 2012 Baghdad bombing|Bombing]].<ref name="britannica2013">{{cite book|title=Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year |year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXadAAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-62513-103-4}}</ref>
+** 27 January: [[27 January 2012 Baghdad bombing|Bombing]].<ref name="britannica2013">{{cite book|title=Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year |year=2013|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXadAAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-62513-103-4}}</ref>
 ** 23 February: [[23 February 2012 Iraq attacks]].<ref name="britannica2013" />
 ** 4 June: Bombing of Shia office.<ref name="britannica2013" />
-* 2015 - [[Air pollution]] in Baghdad reaches annual mean of 88 [[PM2.5]] and 208 [[PM10]], much [[Air quality guideline|higher than recommended]].<ref>{{citation |author=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=https://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328100014/http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2014 |author-link=World Health Organization }}</ref>
+* 2015 - [[Air pollution]] in Baghdad reaches annual mean of 88 [[PM2.5]] and 208 [[PM10]], much [[Air quality guideline|higher than recommended]].<ref>{{cite web |website=World Health Organization |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=https://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328100014/http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |archive-date=28 March 2014}}</ref>
 * 2016 - 3 July: [[July 2016 Baghdad bombings|Bombing]] in [[Karrada]].
 * 2018 - 10 June: [[2018 Iraqi parliamentary election|Election ballot]] warehouse catches fire.<ref>{{citation |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-44432047 |work=BBC News |title= Iraq election: Fire at Baghdad ballot paper depot |date= 10 June 2018 }}</ref>
@@ Line 266: / Line 266: @@
 ** 3 January: [[Qasem Soleimani]] was assassinated by a U.S. [[drone strike]] near [[Baghdad International Airport]].<ref>Gal Perl Finkel, [https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/The-killing-of-Soleimani-and-the-Deal-of-the-Century-617741 Potential for strategic turns], [[The Jerusalem Post]], 16 February 2020.</ref><ref name="NEWSWEEK01-02-2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|title=Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike|website=[[Newsweek]]|author1=Tom O'Connor|author2=James Laporta|date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103030530/https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|archive-date=3 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * 2021
-** 21 January: [[January 2021 Baghdad bombings|Bombings]].<ref name="CNN News">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=January 21, 2021|title=At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/21/middleeast/iraq-baghdad-explosion-intl/index.html|access-date=|website=CNN News}}</ref>
+** 21 January: [[January 2021 Baghdad bombings|Bombings]].<ref name="CNN News">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=January 21, 2021|title=At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/21/middleeast/iraq-baghdad-explosion-intl/index.html|website=CNN News}}</ref>
 ** 24 April: [[Baghdad hospital fire|Hospital fire]].
-** 25 May: anti-government protests.<ref name="ALJAZEERA News">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=May 25, 2021|title=Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/25/one-killed-as-iraqs-anti-government-protests-resume|access-date=|website=ALJAZEERA News}}</ref>
+** 25 May: anti-government protests.<ref name="ALJAZEERA News">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=May 25, 2021|title=Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/25/one-killed-as-iraqs-anti-government-protests-resume|website=ALJAZEERA News}}</ref>
 ** 19 July: Bombing.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-20|title=Suicide attack in Iraq's Sadr City kills at least 35, wounds dozens -sources|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/two-killed-13-wounded-explosion-iraqs-sadr-city-sources-2021-07-19/|access-date=2021-08-21|website=Reuters|language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 314: / Line 314: @@
 * {{Citation |publisher = Printed for the Hakluyt Society |location = London |author = Pedro Teixeira |author-link=Pedro Teixeira |translator=William F. Sinclair |title = The Travels of Pedro Teixeira |date = 1902 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/travelsofpedrote09teix#page/60/mode/2up |chapter=Concerning the City of Bagdad }}
 * {{Citation |publisher = É. Bouillon |location = Paris |title = L' introduction topographique â l'histoire de Bagdâdh d'Aboû Bakr Aḥmad ibn Thâbit al-Khatîb al-Bagdâdhî |author = Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi |author-link=Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi |date = 1904 |oclc = 23419471 |language=fr |translator=George Salmon |ol = 6942714M }}
-* {{citation |title=Jewish Encyclopedia |location=New York |chapter=Bagdad |volume=2 |year= 1907 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/jewishencycloped02sing#page/434/mode/2up |title-link=Jewish Encyclopedia }}
+* {{citation |title=Jewish Encyclopedia |location=New York |publisher=KTAV Publishing House |chapter=Bagdad |volume=2 |year= 1907 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/jewishencycloped02sing#page/434/mode/2up |title-link=Jewish Encyclopedia }}
 * {{cite book |title=Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon |location=Leipzig |publisher=[[Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus|Brockhaus]] |year=1908 |edition=14th |language=de |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x1TOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA261 |chapter=Bagdad }}
 * {{Citation |publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |location = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th |date = 1910 |chapter=Bagdad |chapter-url =https://archive.org/stream/haydnsdictionary00hayd#page/116/mode/1up |title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates }}
 * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bagdad (city) |volume= 3 |last1= Rawlinson |first1= Henry Creswicke |author1-link=  Henry Creswicke Rawlinson |last2= Peters |first2= John Punnett |author2-link= John Punnett Peters | pages = 194&ndash;198 |date=1910 |short= 1}}
-* {{cite book |chapter=Baghdad |page= 563?+ |publisher =E.J. Brill |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |year=1913 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5U3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA563 |title-link= Encyclopaedia of Islam |isbn= 9004082654 }}
+* {{cite book |chapter=Baghdad |page= 563?+ |publisher =E.J. Brill |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |year=1913 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5U3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA563 |title-link= Encyclopaedia of Islam |isbn= 90-04-08265-4}}
 * {{Citation |publisher = Brockhaus |location = Leipzig |author = Sven Hedin |author-link=Sven Hedin |title = Bagdad, Babylon, Ninive |date = 1918 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/bagdadbabylonnin00hediuoft#page/118/mode/2up |chapter= Bagdad einst und jetzt |language=de }}
-* {{cite book |title=Manāqib Baghdād |year=1923–1924 |language=ar |location=Baghdād |publisher= Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Salām |author=Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi |author-link=Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi |others=Edited by M. Bahjat al-Atharī }}
+* {{cite book |title=Manāqib Baghdād |year=1923–1924 |language=ar |location=Baghdād |publisher= Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Salām |author=Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi |author-link=Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi |editor=M. Bahjat al-Atharī }}
 * {{cite book |title=Baghdad Sketches |year=1932 |author=Freya Stark |author-link=Freya Stark }}
 * {{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |location = New York |editor = Leon E. Seltzer  |title = Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World |ol=6112221M |date = 1952 |page=140 |chapter=Baghdad |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/columbialippinco00selt#page/140/mode/1up }}
@@ Line 327: / Line 327: @@
 * {{cite journal |title=Baghdad: portrait of a city in physical and cultural change |author=J. Gulick |journal=Journal of the American Institute of Planners |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=246–255 |year=1967 |doi=10.1080/01944366708977925 }}
 * Jacob Lassner. The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages. Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1970.
-* {{Citation |publisher = University of Oklahoma Press |isbn = 080610922X |location = Norman |title = Baghdad: metropolis of the Abbasid caliphate |date = 1971 |translator = Seymour Feiler |author = Gaston Wiet |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/baghdadmetropoli00wiet |author-link = Gaston Wiet }}
+* {{Citation |publisher = University of Oklahoma Press |isbn = 0-8061-0922-X |location = Norman |title = Baghdad: metropolis of the Abbasid caliphate |date = 1971 |translator = Seymour Feiler |author = Gaston Wiet |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/baghdadmetropoli00wiet |author-link = Gaston Wiet }}
 * {{Citation |publisher = [[Lonely Planet]] |location=Australia |title = Middle East |year= 1994 |ol=16516298W |chapter=Iraq: Baghdad |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/middleeastonshoe00bros#page/302/mode/2up |page=302+ }}
 * Hanne, Eric J.  "The Caliphate revisited: The Abbasids of eleventh and twelfth century Baghdad" (PhD dissertation, University of Michigan; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1998. 9909898).
 * {{cite book|author1=John Block Friedman|author2=Kristen Mossler Figg|title=Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia|year= 2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-59094-9 |chapter=Baghdad |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-OmCfNI_SxAC&pg=PA43 |page=43+ }}
-* {{Citation |publisher = Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich |isbn = 3728119725 |title = Urban form in the Arab world |author = Stefano Bianca |date = 2000 |chapter=Baghdad: an Arab Metropolis between Conservation and Redevelopment }}
+* {{Citation |publisher = Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich |isbn = 3-7281-1972-5 |title = Urban form in the Arab world |author = Stefano Bianca |date = 2000 |chapter=Baghdad: an Arab Metropolis between Conservation and Redevelopment }}
 ===Published in 21st century===
@@ Line 363: / Line 361: @@
 [[Category:History of Baghdad| ]]
 [[Category:Timelines of cities in Iraq|Baghdad]]
-[[Category:Iraq-related lists|baghdad]]
 [[Category:Timelines of capitals|Baghdad]]

v t e The Tigris
Countries	Turkey (523 km) Syria (40 km) Iraq (1,377 km)
Cities	Diyarbakır Bismil Hasankeyf Cizre Mosul Tikrit Samarra Kadhimiya Baghdad Amarah Al-Kūt Kemune
Tributaries	Ambar Kuru Pamuk Hazro Batman Garzan Göksu Savur Botan Little Khabur Great Zab Little Zab 'Adhaim Diyala
Dams	Dicle Ilısu Cizre Mosul Badush Samarra Kut

v t e Districts and neighborhoods of Baghdad
Main districts	Adhamiyah Kadhimiya Karkh Karrada Mansour New Baghdad Al-Rashid Rusafa Sadr City Al-Za'franiya	Baghdad above
Neighborhoods	Hayy Al-A'amel Al-A'amiriya Abu Disher Al-Adel Al-Amin al-Thaniyah Arab Jibor Bab Al-Moatham Bab Al-Sharqi Baiyaa Dora Al-Fathel Ghazaliya Haifa Street Al-Hebnaa Al-Hurriya, Baghdad Al-Jadriya Haydar-Khana Hayy Al-Jami'a Jisr Diyala Al-Jihad Al Khadhraa Al-Maidan Mansour Raghiba Khatoun Al-Sa'adoon Saba Abkar Al-Saydiya Sha'ab Al-Shu'ala Hayy Al-Shurtta Al-Ubedy Hayy Ur Utafiyah Al-Washash Al-Wazireya Yarmouk Al-Za'franiya Zayouna Bataween	Baghdad above

v t e Districts of Iraq and their capitals
Anbar Governorate	Anah District (Anah) Fallujah District (Fallujah) Haditha District (Haditha) Hit District (Hit) al-Qa'im District (Al-Qa'im) Ramadi District (Ramadi) Rawah District (Rawah) ar-Rutba District (Ar-Rutbah)	Flag of Iraq
Babil Governorate	Hashimiya District (Al Hashimiyah) Al-Hilla District (Hillah) al-Mahawil District (Al-Mahawil) al-Musayab District (Musayyib)
Baghdad Governorate	Abu Ghraib District al-Istiqlal District al-Mada'in District Mahmudiya District (Mahmudiya) Taji District al-Tarmia District Baghdad: New Baghdad Adhamiyah Kadhimiya Karrada Karkh Mansour Al Rashid Rusafa Sadr City
Basra Governorate	Abu Al-Khaseeb District (Abu Al-Khaseeb) Basrah District (Basra) al-Faw District (al-Faw) al-Midaina District (Al-Midaina) al-Qurna District (Al-Qurnah) Shatt Al-Arab District (Shatt al-Arab) al-Zubair District (Al-Zubair)
Dhi Qar Governorate	al-Chibayish District (Al-Chibayish) Nasiriyah District (Nasiriyah) al-Rifa'i District (Al-Rifa'i) al-Shatrah District (Al-Shatrah) Suq al-Shuyukh District (Suq Al-Shoyokh)
Diyala Governorate	Balad Ruz District (Balad Ruz) Ba'quba District (Baqubah) al Khalis District (Al Khalis) Khanaqin District (Khanaqin) Kifri District (Kifri) al-Miqdadiya District (Al-Miqdadiya)
Duhok Governorate	Akre District (Akre) Amadiya District (Amadiya) Duhok District (Duhok) Simele District (Simele) Zakho District (Zakho)
Erbil Governorate	Choman District (Choman) Erbil District (Erbil) Koy Sinjaq District (Koy Sanjaq) Makhmur District (Makhmur) Mergasor District (Mergasor) Shaqlawa District (Shaqlawa) Soran District (Soran)
Halabja Governorate	Byara District (Byara) Halabja District (Halabja) Khurmal District (Khurmal) Sirwan District (Sirwan)
Karbala Governorate	al-Hindiya District (Al-Hindiya) Kerbala District (Karbala) Ain Al-Tamur District (Ayn al-Tamr)
Kirkuk Governorate	Daquq District (Daquq) Dibis District (Dibis) Hawija District (Hawija) Kirkuk District (Kirkuk)
Maysan Governorate	Ali Al-Gharbi District (Ali Al-Gharbi) Amara District (Amarah) al-Kahla District (Al-Kahla) al-Maimouna District (Al-Maimouna) al-Mejar Al-Kabi District (Al-Mejar Al-Kabi) Qal'at Saleh District (Qal'at Saleh)
Muthanna Governorate	al-Khidhir District (Al-Khidhir) al-Rumaitha District (Al-Rumaitha) al-Salman District (Al-Salman) al-Samawa District (Samawah)
Najaf Governorate	Kufa District (Kufa) al-Manathera District (Al-Manathera) al-Meshkhab District (Al-Meshkhab) Najaf District (Najaf)
Nineveh Governorate	al-Ba'aj District (Al-Ba'aj) al-Hamdaniya District (Qaraqosh) Hatra District (Al-Hadar) Mosul District (Mosul) Shekhan District (Ain Sifni) Sinjar District (Sinjar) Tel Afar District (Tal Afar) Tel Kaif District (Tel Keppe)
al-Qādisiyyah Governorate	Afak District (Afak) Diwaniya District (Al Diwaniyah) Hamza District (Hamza) al-Shamiya District (Al-Shamiya )
Saladin Governorate	Baiji District (Baiji) Balad District (Balad) al-Daur District (Ad-Dawr) Dujail District (Dujail) Samarra District (Samarra) al-Shirqat District (Al-Shirqat) Tikrit District (Tikrit) Tooz District (Tuz Khurmatu)
Sulaymaniyah Governorate	Chamchamal District (Chamchamal) Darbandikhan District (Darbandikhan) Dokan District (Dokan) Kalar District (Kalar) Kifri District (Kifri) Mawat District (Mawat) Penjwen District (Penjwen) Pshdar District (Qaladiza) Qaradagh District (Qaradagh) Ranya District (Ranya) Saidsadiq District (Said Sadiq) Sharazoor District (Zarayan) Sharbazher District (Sharbazher) Sulaymaniyah District (Sulaymaniyah)
Wasit Governorate	Al-Aziziyah District (Al-Aziziyah) Badra District (Badra) al-Hai District (Al-Hay) Kut District (Kut) al-Nu'maniya District (Al-Nu'maniya) al-Suwaira District (Al-Suwaira)

v t e Years in Iraq (1958–present)
20th century	... 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Category:Years of the 20th century in Iraq Category:Years of the 21st century in Iraq

Latest revision as of 10:12, 25 April 2024

16th–19th centuries

20th century

1900s–1940s

1950s–1990s

21st century

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also

References

Bibliography

Published in 17th–18th centuries

Published in 19th century

Published in 20th century

Published in 21st century

External links