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Shāhin-i Shirāzi (Persian: شاهین شیرازی, born in Shiraz in the Ilkhanate, Iran) was a Persian Jewish poet in the 14th century.

Biography

The details surrounding his biography are not clear. It is known that he worked during the reign of Ilkhan Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan (1316-1335), and that he was also a contemporary of the Persian poet Hafez (d. 1390), who was also from Shiraz. It is unclear whether '"Shahin" is the poet's first name or his pen name. It is possible that he was from Kashan and that he was buried in Shiraz.^[1]

Works

His works include epic cycles (poetic epics) from the Torah and from later parts of the Hebrew Bible.^[2] The Musā-nāmah was composed in 1327,^[3] and includes narratives from the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. The work contains close to 10,000 couplets.^{[citation needed]} His versification of the Book of Genesis, the Bereshit-nāmah, was composed around 1358;^[4] it contains close to 8700 couplets. ^{[citation needed]}

His epic poem on the tale of Esther, Ardashir-nāmah, includes multiple stories in addition to the well-known biblical narrative.^[5] For example, Shāhin also expounds on the adventures of Shiru, the son of Ardashir (Ahaseurus) and Queen Vashti.^[1]

Editions and translations

"אוצר החכמה". tablet.otzar.org.
"אוצר החכמה". tablet.otzar.org.^[6]
Ardashir-nāmah (The book of Ardashir)^[7]
Ezra-nāmah (The Book of Ezra)^[7]
David Gilinsky, "An original critical edition with English translation of Chapter 26 of Ardashir Nameh", BA Finals Dissertation, Cambridge University, April 1992, available from Cambridge University Library and on SCRIBD.
Vera Basch Moreen (tr. and ed.), In Queen Esther's Garden: An Anthology of Judeo-Persian Literature (Yale Judaica): Yale 2000, ISBN 0300079052. Includes excerpts from Shāhin's epics in English translation

Musical Adaptations

In 2022, Iranian-Canadian composer, Iman Habibi, composed Shāhīn-nāmeh as a winner of the 2022 Azrieli Music Prize. Shāhīn-nāmeh is a 25-minute piece for orchestra and soloist on the story of Queen Esther from Ardashir-Nameh, and uses poetry from Shahin Shirazi's Ardashir-nameh. This piece was premiered by Orchestre Métropolitain and Sepideh Raissadat in Montreal.

Bereshit-nāmah

Shāhīn, Sefer sharḥ-i Shāhīn-i Torah, ed. by Simon Khakam (Jerusalem 5662/1902) (in Hebrew script).
Muntakhab-i ashʿār-i fārsī az āthār-i yahūdiyyān-i Īrān, ed. by Amnon Netzer (Tehran 1352 AH/1973 CE), pp. 58-106 (transliterated into Arabic script).

References

^ ^a ^b Vera Basch Moreen (2012). Vera Basch Moreen (ed.). Queen Esther's Garden. Gorgias Press, LLC. ISBN 978-1-4632-0161-6. OCLC 774486158.
^ Nahum M. Waldman (1989). The Recent Study of Hebrew: A Survey of the Literature with Selected Bibliography. Eisenbrauns. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-87820-908-8. OCLC 1024050467.
^ Epstein, Marc Michael (2015-04-04). Skies of Parchment, Seas of Ink: Jewish Illuminated Manuscripts. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16524-0.
^ J. T. P. de Bruijn and Barbara Flemming, 'Yūsuf and Zulayk̲h̲ā', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. P. Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005); DOI:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1370.
^ Moreen, Vera B. (1996). "The "Iranization" of Biblical Heroes in Judeo-Persian Epics: Shahin's Ardashīr-nāmah and 'Ezrā-nāmah". Iranian Studies. 29 (3/4): 321–338. doi:10.1080/00210869608701853. ISSN 0021-0862. JSTOR 4311000.
^ Limbert, John W. (2011-10-01). Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of a Medieval Persian City. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80288-6.
^ ^a ^b Hary, Benjamin; Hayes, John; Astren, Fred (2021-08-04). Judaism and Islam: Boundaries, Communication and Interaction: Essays in Honor of William M. Brinner. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-45315-9.

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[:0-1] Vera Basch Moreen (2012). Vera Basch Moreen (ed.). Queen Esther's Garden. Gorgias Press, LLC. ISBN 978-1-4632-0161-6. OCLC 774486158.

[Waldman1989-2] Nahum M. Waldman (1989). The Recent Study of Hebrew: A Survey of the Literature with Selected Bibliography. Eisenbrauns. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-87820-908-8. OCLC 1024050467.

[3] Epstein, Marc Michael (2015-04-04). Skies of Parchment, Seas of Ink: Jewish Illuminated Manuscripts. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16524-0.

[:02-4] J. T. P. de Bruijn and Barbara Flemming, 'Yūsuf and Zulayk̲h̲ā', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. P. Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005); DOI:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1370.

[5] Moreen, Vera B. (1996). "The "Iranization" of Biblical Heroes in Judeo-Persian Epics: Shahin's Ardashīr-nāmah and 'Ezrā-nāmah". Iranian Studies. 29 (3/4): 321–338. doi:10.1080/00210869608701853. ISSN 0021-0862. JSTOR 4311000.

[6] Limbert, John W. (2011-10-01). Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of a Medieval Persian City. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80288-6.

[:1-7] Hary, Benjamin; Hayes, John; Astren, Fred (2021-08-04). Judaism and Islam: Boundaries, Communication and Interaction: Essays in Honor of William M. Brinner. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-45315-9.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Shahin's MosaNama.jpg|200px|thumb|A page from an illustrated version of Shirazi's ''Ardashir-namah'']]
+[[File:Shahin's MosaNama.jpg|thumb|A page from an illustrated version of Shirazi's ''Ardashir-namah'']]
-'''Shāhin-i Shirāzi'''  (born in [[Shiraz, Iran]]) was a [[Persian Jewish]] [[poet]] in the 14th century.
+'''Shāhin-i Shirāzi'''  ({{lang-fa|شاهین شیرازی}}, born in [[Shiraz]] in the [[Ilkhanate]], Iran) was a [[Persian Jewish]] [[poet]] in the 14th century.
 ==Biography==
-The details surrounding his biography are not clear. It is known that he worked during the reign of [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan]] (1316-1335), and that he was also a contemporary of the Persian poet [[Hafez]] (d. 1390). It is unclear whether '"Shahin" is the poet's first name or his pen name. It is possible that he was from [[Kashan]] and that he was buried in [[Shiraz]].<ref name=":0">Vera Basch Moreen (tr. and ed.), ''In Queen Esther's Garden: An Anthology of Judeo-Persian Literature'' (Yale Judaica): Yale 2000, {{ISBN|978-0-300-07905-0}}</ref>
+The details surrounding his biography are not clear. It is known that he worked during the reign of Ilkhan [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan]] (1316-1335), and that he was also a contemporary of the Persian poet [[Hafez]] (d. 1390), who was also from Shiraz. It is unclear whether '"Shahin" is the poet's first name or his pen name. It is possible that he was from [[Kashan]] and that he was buried in Shiraz.<ref name=":0">{{cite book | editor = Vera Basch Moreen | author = Vera Basch Moreen | date = 2012 | title = Queen Esther's Garden | publisher = Gorgias Press, LLC | pages = | isbn = 978-1-4632-0161-6 | oclc = 774486158 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UxmStgAACAAJ}}</ref>
 ==Works==
-His works include epic cycles (poetic epics) from the [[Pentateuch]] and from later parts of the Bible.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Waldman |first=Nahum M. |url=https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=tb2abCKY4BwC&pg=PA168&dq=Shahin+Shirazi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_iceetPn2AhUJxIUKHZxvDjMQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=Shahin%20Shirazi&f=false |title=The Recent Study of Hebrew: A Survey of the Literature with Selected Bibliography |date=1989 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |isbn=978-0-87820-908-8 |language=en}}</ref> The ''Musā-nāmah'' was composed in 1327,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Epstein |first=Marc Michael |url=https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=4CwMBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA118&dq=Shahin+Shirazi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_iceetPn2AhUJxIUKHZxvDjMQ6AF6BAgSEAI#v=onepage&q=Shahin%20Shirazi&f=false |title=Skies of Parchment, Seas of Ink: Jewish Illuminated Manuscripts |date=2015-04-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16524-0 |language=en}}</ref> and includes narratives from [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]], [[Leviticus]], [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]], [[Deuteronomy]]. The work contains close to 10,000 [[couplets]]. His versification of the [[Book of Genesis]], ''Bereshit-nāmah'', was composed around 1358 and contains close to 8,700 [[couplets]]. {{Citation needed|date= January 2020}}
+His works include epic cycles (poetic epics) from the [[Torah]] and from later parts of the [[Hebrew Bible]].<ref name="Waldman1989">{{cite book | author = Nahum M. Waldman | date = 1989 | title = The Recent Study of Hebrew: A Survey of the Literature with Selected Bibliography | publisher = Eisenbrauns | page = 168 | isbn = 978-0-87820-908-8 | oclc = 1024050467 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tb2abCKY4BwC&pg=PA168}}</ref> The ''Musā-nāmah'' was composed in 1327,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Epstein |first=Marc Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CwMBgAAQBAJ&dq=Shahin+Shirazi&pg=PA118 |title=Skies of Parchment, Seas of Ink: Jewish Illuminated Manuscripts |date=2015-04-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16524-0 |language=en}}</ref> and includes narratives from the books of [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]], [[Leviticus]], [[Book of Numbers|Numbers]], [[Deuteronomy]]. The work contains close to 10,000 [[couplets]].{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} His versification of the [[Book of Genesis]], the ''Bereshit-nāmah'', was composed around 1358;<ref name=":02">J. T. P. de Bruijn and Barbara Flemming, 'Yūsuf and Zulayk̲h̲ā', in ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', ed. P. Bearman and others, 2nd edn, 12 vols (Leiden: Brill, 1960–2005); DOI:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1370.</ref> it contains close to 8700 [[couplets]]. {{Citation needed|date= January 2020}}
-His epic poem on the tale of [[Esther|Queen Esther]], ''Ardashir-nāmah'', includes multiple stories in addition to the well-known biblical narrative.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moreen |first=Vera B. |date=1996 |title=The "Iranization" of Biblical Heroes in Judeo-Persian Epics: Shahin's Ardashīr-nāmah and 'Ezrā-nāmah |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4311000 |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=29 |issue=3/4 |pages=321–338 |issn=0021-0862}}</ref> For example, Shāhin also expounds on the adventures of Shiru, the son of [[Ardashir I|Ardashir]] (Ahaseurus) and Queen [[Vashti]].<ref name=":0" />
+His epic poem on the tale of [[Esther]], ''Ardashir-nāmah'', includes multiple stories in addition to the well-known biblical narrative.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moreen |first=Vera B. |date=1996 |title=The "Iranization" of Biblical Heroes in Judeo-Persian Epics: Shahin's Ardashīr-nāmah and 'Ezrā-nāmah |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4311000 |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=29 |issue=3/4 |pages=321–338 |doi=10.1080/00210869608701853 |jstor=4311000 |issn=0021-0862}}</ref> For example, Shāhin also expounds on the adventures of Shiru, the son of [[Ardashir I|Ardashir]] (Ahaseurus) and Queen [[Vashti]].<ref name=":0" />
+===Editions and translations===
-* [https://www.otzar.org/wotzar/Book.aspx?156653& ''Bereshit-nāmah''] (The Book of Genesis)<ref name=":0" />
+* {{cite web |title=אוצר החכמה |url=https://tablet.otzar.org/#/book/156653/p/-1/t/1/fs/0/start/0/end/0/c |website=tablet.otzar.org}}
-* [https://www.otzar.org/wotzar/Book.aspx?156654& ''Musā-nāmah''] (The Book of Moses)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Limbert |first=John W. |url=https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=mPcnCnCNNF8C&pg=PA52&dq=Shahin+Shirazi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_iceetPn2AhUJxIUKHZxvDjMQ6AF6BAgDEAI#v=onepage&q=Shahin%20Shirazi&f=false |title=Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of a Medieval Persian City |date=2011-10-01 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-80288-6 |language=en}}</ref>
-* [https://www.otzar.org/wotzar/Book.aspx?156651& ''Ardashir-nāmah''] (The book of Ardashir)<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Hary |first=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=MYxFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&dq=Shahin+Shirazi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_iceetPn2AhUJxIUKHZxvDjMQ6AF6BAgVEAI#v=onepage&q=Shahin%20Shirazi&f=false |title=Judaism and Islam: Boundaries, Communication and Interaction: Essays in Honor of William M. Brinner |last2=Hayes |first2=John |last3=Astren |first3=Fred |date=2021-08-04 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-45315-9 |language=en}}</ref>
+* {{cite web |title=אוצר החכמה |url=https://tablet.otzar.org/#/book/156654/p/-1/t/1/fs/0/start/0/end/0/c |website=tablet.otzar.org}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Limbert |first=John W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPcnCnCNNF8C&dq=Shahin+Shirazi&pg=PA52 |title=Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of a Medieval Persian City |date=2011-10-01 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-80288-6 |language=en}}</ref>
+* [https://www.otzar.org/wotzar/Book.aspx?156651& ''Ardashir-nāmah''] (The book of Ardashir)<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Hary |first1=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYxFEAAAQBAJ&dq=Shahin+Shirazi&pg=PA186 |title=Judaism and Islam: Boundaries, Communication and Interaction: Essays in Honor of William M. Brinner |last2=Hayes |first2=John |last3=Astren |first3=Fred |date=2021-08-04 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-45315-9 |language=en}}</ref>
-* ''Ezra-nāmah'' (The Book of Ezra)<ref name=":1" />
+* ''[[Ezra-Nama|Ezra-nāmah]]'' (The Book of Ezra)<ref name=":1" />
+* David Gilinsky, "An original critical edition with English translation of Chapter 26 of Ardashir Nameh", BA Finals Dissertation, Cambridge University, April 1992, available from Cambridge University Library and on SCRIBD.
+* Vera Basch Moreen (tr. and ed.), ''In Queen Esther's Garden: An Anthology of Judeo-Persian Literature'' (Yale Judaica): Yale 2000, {{ISBN|0300079052}}. Includes excerpts from Shāhin's epics in English translation
+===Musical Adaptations===
+In 2022, Iranian-Canadian composer, Iman Habibi, composed Shāhīn-nāmeh as a winner of the 2022 Azrieli Music Prize. Shāhīn-nāmeh is a 25-minute piece for orchestra and soloist on the story of Queen Esther from Ardashir-Nameh, and uses poetry from Shahin Shirazi's Ardashir-nameh. This piece was premiered by Orchestre Métropolitain and Sepideh Raissadat in Montreal.
+====''Bereshit-nāmah''====
+* Shāhīn, ''Sefer sharḥ-i Shāhīn-i Torah'', ed. by Simon Khakam (Jerusalem 5662/1902) (in Hebrew script).
+* ''Muntakhab-i ashʿār-i fārsī az āthār-i yahūdiyyān-i Īrān'', ed. by Amnon Netzer (Tehran 1352 AH/1973 CE), pp. 58-106 (transliterated into Arabic script).
 ==See also==
 {{portal|Poetry}}
-*[[List of Persian poets and authors]]
+*[[List of Persian-language poets and authors]]
 *[[Persian literature]]
 *[[Persian Jews]]
-*[[Dzhidi language]]
 *[[Judeo-Persian]]
 *[http://www.7dorim.com 7dorim.com] ([[Persian language|Persian]])
@@ Line 28: / Line 37: @@
 * Amnon Netzer: "Literature of the Jews of Iran, A short survey." Padyavand Vol 1. Los Angeles 1996, pp 5–17.
-* David Gilinsky, "An original critical edition with English translation of Chapter 26 of Ardashir Nameh", BA Finals Dissertation, Cambridge University, April 1992, available from Cambridge University Library and on SCRIBD.
 * E.G. Browne. ''Literary History of Persia''. (Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing). 1998. {{ISBN|0-7007-0406-X}}
 * Jan Rypka, ''History of Iranian Literature''. Reidel Publishing Company.
-* Vera Basch Moreen (tr. and ed.), ''In Queen Esther's Garden: An Anthology of Judeo-Persian Literature'' (Yale Judaica): Yale 2000, {{ISBN|0300079052}}
 * {{Jewish Encyclopedia |first=Richard |last=Gottheil |authorlink=Richard James Horatio Gottheil |first2=Wilhelm |last2=Bacher |authorlink2=Wilhelm Bacher |no-prescript=1 |title=Judæo-Persian Literature |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8952-judaeo-persian-literature }}
@@ Line 40: / Line 47: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Shirazi, Shahin}}
-[[Category:People from Shiraz]]
+[[Category:Writers from Shiraz]]
 [[Category:14th-century Persian-language poets]]
-[[Category:Medieval Persian Jews]]
+[[Category:Medieval Iranian Jews]]
 [[Category:14th-century Jews]]
 [[Category:Year of death unknown]]
 [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
-[[Category:Ilkhanate-period poets]]
+[[Category:Poets from the Ilkhanate]]

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