Jump to content

Jorge Ayala: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit Android app edit Disambiguation links added
erased duplicate word
 
(46 intermediate revisions by 28 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Colombian-
{{short description|Colombian-American gangster (born 1957)}}
-American criminal}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Jorge "Rivi" Ayala
| name = Jorge "Rivi" Ayala
Line 13: Line 12:
*Carlos Mendez
*Carlos Mendez
*Jorge Aldarez<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myspace.com/cocainecowboys/mixes/classic-my-photos-402998/photo/133869985|title=Photos from Cocaine Cowboys (cocainecowboys) on Myspace|website=Myspace}}</ref>
*Jorge Aldarez<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myspace.com/cocainecowboys/mixes/classic-my-photos-402998/photo/133869985|title=Photos from Cocaine Cowboys (cocainecowboys) on Myspace|website=Myspace}}</ref>
*Jorge Cuesta
*Jorge Cuesta<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/rakontur/335835539/|title=Jorge Rivi Ayala - wanted poster|date=December 27, 2006|via=Flickr}}</ref>
*George Cuesta<ref name="auto"/>
*George Cuesta
| occupation = [[Contract killer]]
| occupation = [[Contract killer]]
| criminal_status = Incarcerated
| criminal_status = Incarcerated
}}
}}


'''Jorge "Rivi" Ayala-Rivera'''<ref>https://cases.justia.com/florida/third-district-court-of-appeal/3d13-2239.pdf?ts=1396117194 {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> is a [[Colombian Americans|Colombian-American]] criminal who worked as a [[hitman]] for [[Medellín Cartel]] leader, [[Griselda Blanco]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/2012/09/mickey-munday-last-cocaine-cowboy-left-alive|title=Mickey Munday Is The Last "Cocaine Cowboy" Left Alive|date=September 5, 2012|website=Vibe}}</ref><ref name="Ovalle 2013">{{cite web | last=Ovalle | first=David | title=Miami judge rejects freedom for Cocaine Cowboys hitman | website=miamiherald | date=22 August 2013 | url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article1954342.html | access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>
'''Jorge Ayala-Rivera''', also known as "Rivi"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Third District Court of Appeal |url=https://cases.justia.com/florida/third-district-court-of-appeal/3d13-2239.pdf?ts=1396117194 |website=cases.justia.com}}</ref> is a [[Colombians|Colombian]] criminal who is best known for his work as a [[hitman]] for [[Medellín Cartel]] leader [[Griselda Blanco]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/2012/09/mickey-munday-last-cocaine-cowboy-left-alive|title=Mickey Munday Is The Last "Cocaine Cowboy" Left Alive|date=September 5, 2012|website=Vibe}}</ref><ref name="Ovalle 2013">{{cite web | last=Ovalle | first=David | title=Miami judge rejects freedom for Cocaine Cowboys hitman | website=miamiherald | date=22 August 2013 | url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article1954342.html | access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> In 1993, Ayala was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 25 years.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/performing-arts/article192754459.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180103211913/http://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/performing-arts/article192754459.html| archive-date = 2018-01-03| title = 'Cocaine Cowboys' stage play on target for Miami Beach in 2019 {{!}} Miami Herald| website = [[Miami Herald]]}}</ref>

In 1993, Ayala was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 25 years.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/performing-arts/article192754459.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180103211913/http://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/performing-arts/article192754459.html| archive-date = 2018-01-03| title = 'Cocaine Cowboys' stage play on target for Miami Beach in 2019 {{!}} Miami Herald| website = [[Miami Herald]]}}</ref>


==Background==
==Background==
Jorge Ayala was born in [[Cali]], [[Colombia]] but grew up in [[Chicago]]. In addition to his mother tongue of Spanish, he also became fluent in English - which he spoke on a native level. Ayala was also born with a distinctive high-pitched voice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/3b5jz8/griselda-blanco-so-long-and-thanks-for-all-the-cocaine|title=Griselda Blanco: So Long and Thanks for All the Cocaine|first=Billy|last=Corben|date=September 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/a-profusion-of-corpses-6339210|title=A Profusion of Corpses|first=Forrest|last=Norman|date=October 6, 2005|website=Miami New Times}}</ref>
Jorge Ayala was born in [[Cali]], [[Colombia]] but grew up in [[Chicago]]. In addition to his mother tongue of Spanish he also became fluent in English, which he spoke at a native level. Ayala was born with a distinctive high-pitched voice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/3b5jz8/griselda-blanco-so-long-and-thanks-for-all-the-cocaine|title=Griselda Blanco: So Long and Thanks for All the Cocaine|first=Billy|last=Corben|date=September 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/a-profusion-of-corpses-6339210|title=A Profusion of Corpses|first=Forrest|last=Norman|date=October 6, 2005|website=Miami New Times}}</ref>


While living in Chicago, he started off as a car mechanic for his father at [[General Motors]]. He eventually drifted into a criminally oriented direction by stealing cars [[chop shop]]s across the city. On the side, Ayala would also make money from smuggling [[Mexican]] immigrants into United States from which he would bring across the Mexican-American border.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPvABAAAQBAJ&q=jorge+ayala+chicago&pg=PT175|title=The Mammoth Book of Gangs|first=James|last=Morton|date=April 19, 2012|publisher=Little, Brown Book Group|isbn=9781780330891|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stitcher.com/s?eid=60578036|title=Hitmen: Jorge "Rivi" Ayala from Murder Dictionary|website=www.stitcher.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/yhxHCPnATH/|title=Cocaine Cowboys on Instagram: ""Rivi" "Riverito" Jorge Ayala (Jul. 5, 1957) -Started off as a car mechanic for his dad at General Motors. -Became one of the biggest car…"|website=Instagram}}</ref>
While living in Chicago, Ayala started off as a car mechanic for his father at [[General Motors]], but eventually strayed into criminality and started stealing cars for [[chop shop]]s across the city. He generated additional income by facilitating the entry of [[Mexicans|Mexican]] illegal aliens into the United States.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPvABAAAQBAJ&q=jorge+ayala+chicago&pg=PT175|title=The Mammoth Book of Gangs|first=James|last=Morton|date=April 19, 2012|publisher=Little, Brown Book Group|isbn=9781780330891|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stitcher.com/s?eid=60578036|title=Hitmen: Jorge "Rivi" Ayala from Murder Dictionary|website=www.stitcher.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/yhxHCPnATH/|title=Cocaine Cowboys on Instagram: ""Rivi" "Riverito" Jorge Ayala (Jul. 5, 1957) -Started off as a car mechanic for his dad at General Motors. -Became one of the biggest car…"|website=Instagram}}</ref>


Ayala was first brought to Miami in 1979 by a job that required him to transport a truck full of used guns from Chicago to Miami.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=|title=Cocaine Cowboys: Reloaded|year=2014 |people= |type=Documentary |language=English |publisher=|trans-title=|location=|time=|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|format=|id=|isbn=|oclc=|quote=|medium=}}</ref> Upon arriving with the shipment, he ended up deciding to live in the state. Ayala started off his criminal career here by simply shaking people down as a "small-time" enforcer.<ref name="auto4"/>
In 1979, a job that required him to transport used guns by truck first took Ayala from Chicago to Miami,<ref>{{cite AV media|url=|title=Cocaine Cowboys: Reloaded|year=2014 |people= |type=Documentary |language=English |publisher=|trans-title=|location=|time=|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|format=|id=|isbn=|oclc=|quote=|medium=}}</ref> after which he decided to stay in the Miami area. Here Ayala took on a job as an [[Contract killing|enforcer]], "[[Extortion|shaking down]]" individuals who owed money.<ref name="auto4"/>


==Working for Blanco and the Medellín Cartel==
==Working for Blanco and the Medellín Cartel==
Ayala was considered to be Griselda Blanco's top [[Mob enforcer|enforcer]]. He led a small crew which helped him carry out various crimes. Rivi's brother, Alonso Ayala, also worked as a sicario for Blanco.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gangstersinc.ning.com/profiles/blogs/godmother-griselda-blanco-gunned-down-in-colombia|title=Godmother Griselda Blanco shot to death in Colombia|first1=2012 at 1:30am|last1=Posted by Gangsters Inc. on September 4|first2=View|last2=Blog|website=gangstersinc.ning.com|date=4 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1990-05-19-9001090256-story.html|title=3 LINKED TO MALL SLAYINGS 1979 DADELAND KILLINGS UNSOLVED|first=Beth |last=Duff Sanders|website=Sun-Sentinel.com}}</ref>
Ayala was considered to be Griselda Blanco's top [[Mob enforcer|enforcer]]. He led a small crew which helped him carry out various crimes. Rivi's brother, Alonso Ayala, also worked as a sicario for Blanco.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gangstersinc.ning.com/profiles/blogs/godmother-griselda-blanco-gunned-down-in-colombia|title=Godmother Griselda Blanco shot to death in Colombia|first1=2012 at 1:30am|last1=Posted by Gangsters Inc. on September 4|first2=View|last2=Blog|website=gangstersinc.ning.com|date=4 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1990-05-19-9001090256-story.html|title=3 LINKED TO MALL SLAYINGS 1979 DADELAND KILLINGS UNSOLVED|first=Beth |last=Duff Sanders|website=Sun-Sentinel.com|date=19 May 1990 }}</ref>


==Killings==
==Killings==
Ayala pleaded guilty to three killings in 1993, but was believed to be responsible for roughly three dozen murders that took place throughout the [[Miami Drug War]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Florida's Most Notorious 'Cocaine Cowboys'|url=https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/south-floridas-most-notorious-cocaine-cowboys/11254/|access-date=2021-08-06|website=NBC 6 South Florida|language=en-US}}</ref>
Ayala pled guilty to three killings in 1993, but was believed to be responsible for roughly three dozen murders that took place during the [[Miami Drug War]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Florida's Most Notorious 'Cocaine Cowboys'|url=https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/south-floridas-most-notorious-cocaine-cowboys/11254/|access-date=2021-08-06|website=NBC 6 South Florida|date=13 April 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>


===Johnnie Castro===
===Johnny Castro===
In 1982, Griselda Blanco ordered Ayala to kill Jesus “Chucho” Castro, one of her former enforcers. According to George Cadavid, a Miami police homicide detective, she wanted Castro dead after he had been hired to protect a drug supplier, but refused to carry out an unspecified order.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/14/us/around-the-nation-father-of-slain-boy-asked-to-come-forward.html|title=Around the Nation; Father of Slain Boy Asked to Come Forward|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 14, 1982}}</ref> However, Ayala claims that Blanco wanted Castro dead supposedly for an offense against one of her sons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newzbreaker.com/2017/06/17/the-brutal-legacy-of-griselda-blanco-1943-2012/|title=The Brutal Legacy of Griselda Blanco (1943-2012)|date=June 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2012/09/05/drug-thugs-kill-the-queen/|title=Drug thugs kill the queen|first=Leonard|last=Greene|date=September 5, 2012}}</ref>
In 1982, Griselda Blanco ordered Ayala to kill Jesus “Chucho” Castro, one of her former enforcers. According to George Cadavid, a Miami police homicide detective, she wanted Castro dead after he had been hired to protect a drug supplier, but refused to carry out an unspecified order.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/14/us/around-the-nation-father-of-slain-boy-asked-to-come-forward.html|title=Around the Nation; Father of Slain Boy Asked to Come Forward|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 14, 1982}}</ref> However, Ayala claims that Blanco wanted Castro dead for an offense against one of her sons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newzbreaker.com/2017/06/17/the-brutal-legacy-of-griselda-blanco-1943-2012/|title=The Brutal Legacy of Griselda Blanco (1943-2012)|date=June 17, 2017}}</ref>


The attempt on Castro's life occurred on February 6 that same year. That afternoon, Miguelito Perez and Jorge Ayala drove up to the side of Jesus Castro's vehicle - while he was stopped at a red light - and performed a drive-by shooting with a silenced machine gun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://miami.cbslocal.com/2012/11/20/griselda-blanco-escaping-the-electric-chair/|title=Griselda Blanco: Escaping The Electric Chair|date=November 20, 2012}}</ref> The bullets, however, missed Jesus Castro and accidentally hit his two-year-old son, Johnny, who was unknowingly present in the car with him.
The attempt on Castro's life occurred on February 6 of that year. Ayala and Miguelito Perez drove up alongside Castro's vehicle while he was stopped at a red light and executed a drive-by shooting with a silenced machine gun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://miami.cbslocal.com/2012/11/20/griselda-blanco-escaping-the-electric-chair/|title=Griselda Blanco: Escaping The Electric Chair|date=November 20, 2012}}</ref>


Ayala was charged with the murder of Castro's son in August 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1989-02-19-8901090931-story.html|title=THE GODMOTHER|first=RICHARD|last=SMITTEN|website=Sun-Sentinel.com}}</ref>
However, the bullets missed Castro and accidentally killed his two-year-old son, Johnny, whom they were unaware was in the car with his father. Ayala was charged with the murder of Castro's son in August 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1989-02-19-8901090931-story.html|title=THE GODMOTHER|first=RICHARD|last=SMITTEN|website=Sun-Sentinel.com|date=19 February 1989 }}</ref>


===Alfredo and Grizel Lorenzo===
===Alfredo and Grizel Lorenzo===
Line 51: Line 48:


==Law enforcement apprehension==
==Law enforcement apprehension==
Jorge Ayala was arrested in connection with a Chicago bank robbery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/rakontur/335835513/|title=Jorge Rivi Ayala (right) robbing a bank|date=December 27, 2006|via=Flickr}}</ref> It was during this time that authorities were also searching for Griselda Blanco's top hitman, whom they only knew by the name of "Riverita". Soon after his capture, they realized that he was the assassin they had been looking for.<ref name="auto3"/>
Jorge Ayala was arrested in connection with a Chicago bank robbery. It was during this time that authorities were also searching for Griselda Blanco's top hitman, whom they only knew by the name of "Riverita". Soon after his capture, they realized that he was the assassin they had been looking for.<ref name="auto3"/>


==Trial and sentencing==
==Trial and sentencing==
Ayala made an agreement with Florida district attorney's office to testify against Griselda Blanco who had been charged with 3 counts of first-degree murder, but the case fell apart and was ultimately dismissed due to Ayala being involved in phone sex scandal with 2 secretaries that worked in the state's attorney's office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretaries Suspended Over Phone Sex |url=https://apnews.com/article/d2783734bfb4d93043bae3edec8fbe94 |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Ayala pleaded guilty in 1993 to three murders and was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 25 years. If released, Ayala will be deported to Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2013/04/30/Drug-cartel-hitman-seeks-reduction-of-Florida-life-sentence/66481367331579/|title=Drug cartel hitman seeks reduction of Florida life sentence|website=UPI}}</ref>
Ayala made an agreement with Florida district attorney's office to testify against Griselda Blanco who had been charged with three counts of first-degree murder, but the case fell apart and was ultimately dismissed due to Ayala being involved in a phone sex scandal with two secretaries that worked in the state's attorney's office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretaries Suspended Over Phone Sex |url=https://apnews.com/article/d2783734bfb4d93043bae3edec8fbe94 |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Ayala pleaded guilty in 1993 to three murders and was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 25 years. If released, Ayala will be deported to Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2013/04/30/Drug-cartel-hitman-seeks-reduction-of-Florida-life-sentence/66481367331579/|title=Drug cartel hitman seeks reduction of Florida life sentence|website=UPI}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
A character based on Ayala, renamed to "Rudy", was briefly featured in ''[[Cocaine Godmother]]'', a 2017 TV film loosely based on the life of [[Griselda Blanco|Griselda Blanco Restrepo]].
A character based on Ayala, renamed to "Rudy", was briefly featured in ''[[Cocaine Godmother]]'', a 2017 TV film loosely based on the life of [[Griselda Blanco]]. Martin Rodriguez plays Jorge 'Rivi' Ayala in the 2024 Netflix limited series titled [[Griselda (miniseries)|''Griselda'']].


== References ==
== References ==
Line 75: Line 72:
[[Category:Bank robbers]]
[[Category:Bank robbers]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Colombian emigrants to the United States]]

Latest revision as of 12:43, 10 August 2024

Jorge "Rivi" Ayala
Mugshot of Rivi, 1985
Born (1957-09-06) 6 September 1957 (age 67)[citation needed]
Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Other names
  • Riverita
  • Ed Vasquez
  • Ed Ramirez
  • Carlos Mendez
  • Jorge Aldarez[1]
  • Jorge Cuesta
  • George Cuesta
OccupationContract killer
Criminal statusIncarcerated

Jorge Ayala-Rivera, also known as "Rivi"[2] is a Colombian criminal who is best known for his work as a hitman for Medellín Cartel leader Griselda Blanco.[3][4] In 1993, Ayala was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 25 years.[5]

Background

[edit]

Jorge Ayala was born in Cali, Colombia but grew up in Chicago. In addition to his mother tongue of Spanish he also became fluent in English, which he spoke at a native level. Ayala was born with a distinctive high-pitched voice.[6][7]

While living in Chicago, Ayala started off as a car mechanic for his father at General Motors, but eventually strayed into criminality and started stealing cars for chop shops across the city. He generated additional income by facilitating the entry of Mexican illegal aliens into the United States.[8][9][10]

In 1979, a job that required him to transport used guns by truck first took Ayala from Chicago to Miami,[11] after which he decided to stay in the Miami area. Here Ayala took on a job as an enforcer, "shaking down" individuals who owed money.[8]

Working for Blanco and the Medellín Cartel

[edit]

Ayala was considered to be Griselda Blanco's top enforcer. He led a small crew which helped him carry out various crimes. Rivi's brother, Alonso Ayala, also worked as a sicario for Blanco.[12][13]

Killings

[edit]

Ayala pled guilty to three killings in 1993, but was believed to be responsible for roughly three dozen murders that took place during the Miami Drug War.[14]

Johnny Castro

[edit]

In 1982, Griselda Blanco ordered Ayala to kill Jesus “Chucho” Castro, one of her former enforcers. According to George Cadavid, a Miami police homicide detective, she wanted Castro dead after he had been hired to protect a drug supplier, but refused to carry out an unspecified order.[15] However, Ayala claims that Blanco wanted Castro dead for an offense against one of her sons.[16]

The attempt on Castro's life occurred on February 6 of that year. Ayala and Miguelito Perez drove up alongside Castro's vehicle while he was stopped at a red light and executed a drive-by shooting with a silenced machine gun.[17]

However, the bullets missed Castro and accidentally killed his two-year-old son, Johnny, whom they were unaware was in the car with his father. Ayala was charged with the murder of Castro's son in August 1988.[18]

Alfredo and Grizel Lorenzo

[edit]

Acting on orders of Griselda Blanco, Ayala and his crew killed drug-dealing married couple Alfredo and Grizel Lorenzo in their South Miami home on May 26, 1982. Their killings were the apparent result of a cocaine shipment which the couple had received from Blanco, but failed to pay her for.[19][20] According to Ayala, Griselda Blanco had originally ordered the murder of everyone in the house, but he made sure that the kids of Alfredo and Grizel Lorenzo were not harmed.

Additional murders

[edit]
  • Jorge Ayala is said to have killed 11 members of Luis Mejia's gang in New York City during the summer of 1981 as well as Mejia's father, Octavio Mejia, in Miami that same year.[19]
  • Ayala once told state prosecutors that in 1981 he accepted a $50,000 payment for killing a man for Blanco while her then-3-year-old son, Michael, was in the room.[21]

Law enforcement apprehension

[edit]

Jorge Ayala was arrested in connection with a Chicago bank robbery. It was during this time that authorities were also searching for Griselda Blanco's top hitman, whom they only knew by the name of "Riverita". Soon after his capture, they realized that he was the assassin they had been looking for.[7]

Trial and sentencing

[edit]

Ayala made an agreement with Florida district attorney's office to testify against Griselda Blanco who had been charged with three counts of first-degree murder, but the case fell apart and was ultimately dismissed due to Ayala being involved in a phone sex scandal with two secretaries that worked in the state's attorney's office.[22] Ayala pleaded guilty in 1993 to three murders and was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 25 years. If released, Ayala will be deported to Colombia.[23]

[edit]

A character based on Ayala, renamed to "Rudy", was briefly featured in Cocaine Godmother, a 2017 TV film loosely based on the life of Griselda Blanco. Martin Rodriguez plays Jorge 'Rivi' Ayala in the 2024 Netflix limited series titled Griselda.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Photos from Cocaine Cowboys (cocainecowboys) on Myspace". Myspace.
  2. ^ "Third District Court of Appeal" (PDF). cases.justia.com.
  3. ^ "Mickey Munday Is The Last "Cocaine Cowboy" Left Alive". Vibe. September 5, 2012.
  4. ^ Ovalle, David (22 August 2013). "Miami judge rejects freedom for Cocaine Cowboys hitman". miamiherald. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  5. ^ "'Cocaine Cowboys' stage play on target for Miami Beach in 2019 | Miami Herald". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 2018-01-03.
  6. ^ Corben, Billy (September 4, 2012). "Griselda Blanco: So Long and Thanks for All the Cocaine".
  7. ^ a b Norman, Forrest (October 6, 2005). "A Profusion of Corpses". Miami New Times.
  8. ^ a b Morton, James (April 19, 2012). The Mammoth Book of Gangs. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN 9781780330891 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ "Hitmen: Jorge "Rivi" Ayala from Murder Dictionary". www.stitcher.com.
  10. ^ "Cocaine Cowboys on Instagram: ""Rivi" "Riverito" Jorge Ayala (Jul. 5, 1957) -Started off as a car mechanic for his dad at General Motors. -Became one of the biggest car…"". Instagram.
  11. ^ Cocaine Cowboys: Reloaded (Documentary). 2014.
  12. ^ Posted by Gangsters Inc. on September 4, 2012 at 1:30am; Blog, View (4 September 2012). "Godmother Griselda Blanco shot to death in Colombia". gangstersinc.ning.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Duff Sanders, Beth (19 May 1990). "3 LINKED TO MALL SLAYINGS 1979 DADELAND KILLINGS UNSOLVED". Sun-Sentinel.com.
  14. ^ "South Florida's Most Notorious 'Cocaine Cowboys'". NBC 6 South Florida. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
  15. ^ "Around the Nation; Father of Slain Boy Asked to Come Forward". The New York Times. February 14, 1982.
  16. ^ "The Brutal Legacy of Griselda Blanco (1943-2012)". June 17, 2017.
  17. ^ "Griselda Blanco: Escaping The Electric Chair". November 20, 2012.
  18. ^ SMITTEN, RICHARD (19 February 1989). "THE GODMOTHER". Sun-Sentinel.com.
  19. ^ a b Burnstein, Scott (June 19, 2017). "The Cocaine Cowboys Hit List: Murder & Mayhem Commonplace During 1980s Miami Drug Boom".
  20. ^ "'Cocaine queen's' killers sought". BBC News. September 4, 2012.
  21. ^ Madrid, Manuel (September 20, 2019). "Miami Private School Rolls Out Gun-Detection System to Prevent Shootings". Miami New Times.
  22. ^ "Secretaries Suspended Over Phone Sex". AP NEWS. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
  23. ^ "Drug cartel hitman seeks reduction of Florida life sentence". UPI.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Ayala&oldid=1239616401"