Jump to content

Nalankilli: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Jeromenada (talk | contribs)
131 edits
No edit summary
Jeromenada (talk | contribs)
131 edits
Undid revision 1245993994 by 120.60.60.152 (talk)
 
(40 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| image = File:Nalankilli.jpg
| image =
| name = Nalankilli<br />நலங்கிள்ளி
| name = Nalankilli<br />நலங்கிள்ளி
| birth_date = {{circa|445 <small>BCE</small>}}<ref name="Arimathi Thennaganp886">[[#Arivumathi|Arivumathi, Purananooru Kaatum Puthumaigal]], p886</ref>
| birth_date = {{circa|445 BCE}}<ref name="Sastrip216">[[#Sastri|Sastri]], p 216</ref>
| birth_place = [[Poompuhar | Kaveri Poompattinam]], [[Chola Kingdom]], [[Tamilakam]]<ref name="Iyengar" />
| title = Nalankilli Chola
| title = Nalankilli Chola
⚫
| reign = {{circa|415 BCE}}<ref>{{cite book|title=[[A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar]]|first=K. A. Nilakanta|last=Sastri|author-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|ref=Sastri}}</ref>
| reign = {{circa|418 <small>BCE</small>}}<ref name="Sastrip112">[[#Sastri|Sastri]], p 216</ref>
| death_date = {{Circa|380 BCE}}<ref name="Sastrip112">[[#Sastri|Sastri]], p 218</ref>
| death_place = Ilavandigaippalli, [[Pandyan Kingdom]], [[Tamilakam]]<ref>''Puranānūru'' – 167</ref><ref name="Iyengar">{{Cite book|title = History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to 600 A.D.|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ERq-OCn2cloC&q|publisher = Asian Educational Services|date = 1 January 1929|isbn = 9788120601451|first = P. T. Srinivasa|last = Iyengar}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Nedunkilli]]
| predecessor = [[Nedunkilli]]
| successor = [[Killivalavan]]
| successor = [[Killivalavan]]
Line 12: Line 15:
}}
}}
{{Chola history}}
{{Chola history}}
'''Nalankilli''' ({{lang-ta|நலங்கிள்ளி}}; [[Middle Tamil]]: ''Nālankilli Cōḻaṉ''; [[Classical Sanskrit]]: ''Nālankilli Cōla''; {{circa| 445 <small>BCE</small><ref name="Sastrip216">[[#Sastri|Sastri]], p 216</ref> }} – {{circa| 380 <small>BCE</small>}}) was one of the [[Tamil People|Tamil]] kings of [[Early Cholas]] of the [[Chola Dynasty]] who ruled [[Tamilakam]] in the Southern India and was mentioned in the ancient [[Sangam Literature]]. He was the son of [[Karikala Chola]] the [[List_of_people_known_as_the_Great | Great]]. Nalankilli was mentioned in context with a civil war between him and another Chola king [[Nedunkilli]]. The information known about him is from the fragmentary poems and stanzas of [[Purananuru]] and [[Manimekalai]].
'''Nalankilli''' ({{lang-ta|நலங்கிள்ளி}}; [[Middle Tamil]]: ''Nālankilli Cōḻaṉ''; [[Classical Sanskrit]]: ''Nālankilli Cōla''; {{circa| 445 BCE<ref name="Sastrip216">[[#Sastri|Sastri]], p 216</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=[[A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar]]|first=K. A. Nilakanta|last=Sastri|author-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|ref=Sastri}}</ref>}} – {{circa| 380 BCE}}<ref name="Sastrip112">[[#Sastri|Sastri]], p 218</ref>) was a [[Tamil People|Tamil]] King of the [[Early Cholas]] of the [[Chola Dynasty]] who ruled [[Tamilakam]] (modern-day [[Southern India]]) and was mentioned in the ancient [[Sangam Literature]]. He was the son of [[Karikala Chola]] the Great. Nalankilli was mentioned in context with a civil war between him and another Chola king [[Nedunkilli]]. The information known about him are from the fragmentary stanzas of the [[Purananuru]] and the [[Buddhist]] [[Epic poetry | epic]] [[Manimekalai]].<ref name="Iyengar" />


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
⚫
The source available to us on Nalankilli is mentioned in Sangam poetry and Manimekalai. The period covered by the extant literature of the Sangam is unfortunately not easy to determine with any measure of accurate certainty. Except the longer epics ''[[Cilappatikaram]]'' and ''Manimekalai'', which by common consent belong to the Sangam age, the poems have reached us in the forms of systematic anthologies. Each individual poem has generally attached to it a [[Colophon (publishing)|colophon]] on the authorship and subject matter of the poem, the name of the king or chieftain to whom the poem relates and the occasion which called forth the eulogy are also found.
[[File:Flag of Chola Kingdom.png|thumb|Flag of Chola Dynasty]]
⚫
The source available to us on Nalankilli is mentioned in Sangam poetry and Manimekalai. The period covered by the extant literature of the Sangam is unfortunately not easy to determine with any measure of accurate certainty. Except the longer epics ''[[Cilappatikaram]]'' and ''Manimekalai'', which by common consent belong to the age later than the Sangam age, the poems have reached us in the forms of systematic anthologies. Each individual poem has generally attached to it a [[Colophon (publishing)|colophon]] on the authorship and subject matter of the poem, the name of the king or chieftain to whom the poem relates and the occasion which called forth the eulogy are also found.


It is from these colophons and rarely from the texts of the poems themselves, that we gather the names of many kings and chieftains and the poets patronised by them. The task of reducing these names to an ordered scheme in which the different generations of contemporaries can be marked off one another has not been easy. To add to the confusions, some historians have even denounced these colophons as later additions and untrustworthy as historical documents.
It is from these colophons and rarely from the texts of the poems themselves, that we gather the names of many kings and chieftains and the poets patronised by them. The task of reducing these names to an ordered scheme in which the different generations of contemporaries can be marked off one another has not been easy. To add to the confusions, some historians have even denounced these colophons as later additions and untrustworthy as historical documents.
Line 24: Line 26:
==Nalankilli the Ruler==
==Nalankilli the Ruler==


Nalankilli forms the subject of no fewer than fourteen poems in ''[[Purananuru]]''. These poems suggest that Nalankilli continued to enjoy a vague hegemony among the other Tamil kings as did by [[Karikala Chola]] (''Purananuru'' – 31). The same poet Kovur Kilar, proving that he was not a sycophant, exhorts his patron to sue for peace instead of continuing the siege of [[Urayur]] against the rival [[Chola]] Nedunkilli.
Nalankilli forms the subject of no fewer than fourteen poems in ''[[Purananuru]]''. These poems suggest that Nalankilli continued to enjoy a vague hegemony among the other Tamil kings as did by [[Karikala Chola]] (''Puranānūru'' – 31). The same poet Kovur Kilar, proving that he was not a sycophant, exhorts his patron to sue for peace instead of continuing the siege of [[Urayur]] against the rival [[Chola]] Nedunkilli.


[[Kaverippatinam]] was Nalankilli’s capital (''Purananuru'' – 30) and he enjoyed the benefits of its extensive trade. However the people were not in a contented state of mind due to the continuing civil strife. We perceive this from the melancholy tones of the poems by the poet Urayur Mudukannan Sattanar on Nalankilli (''Purananuru'' – 27, 28, 29).
[[Kaverippatinam]] was Nalankilli’s capital (''Puranānūru'' – 30) and he enjoyed the benefits of its extensive trade. However the people were not in a contented state of mind due to the continuing civil strife. We perceive this from the melancholy tones of the poems by the poet Urayur Mudukannan Sattanar on Nalankilli (''Puranānūru'' – 27, 28, 29).


Nalankilli like many other princes of his age, cultivated literature himself, and two of his poems survive (''Purananuru'' – 72 and 73)
Nalankilli like many other princes of his age, cultivated literature himself, and two of his poems survive. (''Puranānūru'' – 72 and 73)


== Civil War ==
== Civil War ==
Line 36: Line 38:
Kovur Kilar's pleadings were of no avail and the civil war only ended with the death of Nedunkilli.
Kovur Kilar's pleadings were of no avail and the civil war only ended with the death of Nedunkilli.


Nalankilli died at a place called Ilavandigaippalli (colophon of ''Purananuru'' – 61).
Nalankilli died at a place called Ilavandigaippalli (colophon of ''Puranānūru'' – 61).


==See also==
==See also==
Line 44: Line 46:


== References ==
== References ==

* {{cite book|title=[[A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar]]|first=K. A. Nilakanta|last=Sastri|author-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|ref=Sastri}}
* {{cite book | first= A.S| last= Mudaliar| orig-year= 1931| year= 1984| title= Abithana Chintamani| publisher= Asian Educational Services | location= New Delhi}}
* {{cite book | first= K.A| last= Nilakanta Sastri| author-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri | orig-year= 1935| year= 1984| title= The CōĻas| publisher= University of Madras | location= Madras}}
* {{cite book | first= K.A | last= Nilakanta Sastri| orig-year= 1955| year= 2002| title= A History of South India| publisher= OUP| location= New Delhi}}
* {{cite book | title=History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to the Present Day| last= Iyengar| first= P. T. Srinivasa | author-link= P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar| year=1929}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
⚫
* {{cite book|title=[[A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar]]|first=K. A. Nilakanta|last=Sastri|authorlink=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|ref=Sastri}}
* Mudaliar, A.S, Abithana Chintamani (1931), Reprinted 1984 Asian Educational Services, New Delhi.
* Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1935). The CōĻas, University of Madras, Madras (Reprinted 1984).
* Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).
* Project Madurai – Purananuru eText - http://tamilnation.co/literature/ettuthokai/pm0057.pdf



[[Category:Chola dynasty]]
[[Category:Chola kings]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian monarchs]]

Latest revision as of 20:48, 17 September 2024

Nalankilli
நலங்கிள்ளி
Nalankilli Chola
Reignc. 415 BCE[1]
PredecessorNedunkilli
SuccessorKillivalavan
Bornc. 445 BCE[2]
Kaveri Poompattinam, Chola Kingdom, Tamilakam[3]
Diedc. 380 BCE[4]
Ilavandigaippalli, Pandyan Kingdom, Tamilakam[5][3]
FatherKarikala Chola
Chola kings and emperors
Early Cholas
Ellalan205 BCE– c. 161 BCE
Kulakkottan
Ilamchetchenni
Karikala
Nedunkilli
Nalankilli
Killivalavan
Kopperuncholan
Kochchenganan
Perunarkilli
Interregnum (c. 200 – c. 848 CE)
Medieval Cholas
Vijayalaya 848–871?
Aditya I 871–907
Parantaka I 907–955
Rajaditya Chola 935–949
Gandaraditya 949–962
Arinjaya 955–956
Parantaka II (Sundara) 950–980
Aditya II (Karikala) 966–971
Uttama 971–987
Rajaraja I 985–1014
Rajendra I 1012–1044
Rajadhiraja 1018–1054
Rajendra II 1051–1063
Rajamahendra 1060–1063
Virarajendra 1063–1070
Athirajendra 1067–1070
Later Cholas
Kulothunga I 1070–1120
Vikrama 1118–1135
Kulothunga II 1133–1150
Rajaraja II 1146–1173
Rajadhiraja II 1166–1178
Kulothunga III 1178–1218
Rajaraja III 1216–1256
Rajendra III 1246–1279
Related
Related dynasties
Telugu Chodas of Andhra
Chodagangas of Kalinga
Nidugal Cholas of Karnataka
Rajahnate of Cebu
Rajahnate of Sanmalan
Chola society

Nalankilli (Tamil: நலங்கிள்ளி; Middle Tamil: Nālankilli Cōḻaṉ; Classical Sanskrit: Nālankilli Cōla; c. 445 BCE[2][6] – c. 380 BCE[4]) was a Tamil King of the Early Cholas of the Chola Dynasty who ruled Tamilakam (modern-day Southern India) and was mentioned in the ancient Sangam Literature. He was the son of Karikala Chola the Great. Nalankilli was mentioned in context with a civil war between him and another Chola king Nedunkilli. The information known about him are from the fragmentary stanzas of the Purananuru and the Buddhist epic Manimekalai.[3]

Sources

[edit]

The source available to us on Nalankilli is mentioned in Sangam poetry and Manimekalai. The period covered by the extant literature of the Sangam is unfortunately not easy to determine with any measure of accurate certainty. Except the longer epics Cilappatikaram and Manimekalai, which by common consent belong to the Sangam age, the poems have reached us in the forms of systematic anthologies. Each individual poem has generally attached to it a colophon on the authorship and subject matter of the poem, the name of the king or chieftain to whom the poem relates and the occasion which called forth the eulogy are also found.

It is from these colophons and rarely from the texts of the poems themselves, that we gather the names of many kings and chieftains and the poets patronised by them. The task of reducing these names to an ordered scheme in which the different generations of contemporaries can be marked off one another has not been easy. To add to the confusions, some historians have even denounced these colophons as later additions and untrustworthy as historical documents.

Any attempt at extracting a systematic chronology and data from these poems should be aware of the casual nature of these poems and the wide difference between the purposes of the anthologist who collected these poems and the historian’s attempts are arriving at a continuous history.

Nalankilli the Ruler

[edit]

Nalankilli forms the subject of no fewer than fourteen poems in Purananuru. These poems suggest that Nalankilli continued to enjoy a vague hegemony among the other Tamil kings as did by Karikala Chola (Puranānūru – 31). The same poet Kovur Kilar, proving that he was not a sycophant, exhorts his patron to sue for peace instead of continuing the siege of Urayur against the rival Chola Nedunkilli.

Kaverippatinam was Nalankilli’s capital (Puranānūru – 30) and he enjoyed the benefits of its extensive trade. However the people were not in a contented state of mind due to the continuing civil strife. We perceive this from the melancholy tones of the poems by the poet Urayur Mudukannan Sattanar on Nalankilli (Puranānūru – 27, 28, 29).

Nalankilli like many other princes of his age, cultivated literature himself, and two of his poems survive. (Puranānūru – 72 and 73)

Civil War

[edit]

Purananuru speaks of the war between two Cholas Nalankilli and Nedunkilli, which lasted until the death of Nedunkilli at the battlefields of Kariyaru. These two Cholas must have belonged to the rival branches of the Chola families, which ruled from Kaverippattinam and Urayur as their capitals.

Kovur Kilar's pleadings were of no avail and the civil war only ended with the death of Nedunkilli.

Nalankilli died at a place called Ilavandigaippalli (colophon of Puranānūru – 61).

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar.
  • Mudaliar, A.S (1984) [1931]. Abithana Chintamani. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
  • Nilakanta Sastri, K.A (1984) [1935]. The CōĻas. Madras: University of Madras.
  • Nilakanta Sastri, K.A (2002) [1955]. A History of South India. New Delhi: OUP.
  • Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa (1929). History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to the Present Day.
  1. ^ Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar.
  2. ^ a b Sastri, p 216
  3. ^ a b c Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa (1 January 1929). History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to 600 A.D. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 9788120601451.
  4. ^ a b Sastri, p 218
  5. ^ Puranānūru – 167
  6. ^ Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nalankilli&oldid=1246251055"