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Coordinates: 09°08′22″S 77°44′42″W / 9.13944°S 77.74500°W / -9.13944; -77.74500
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{{Short description|Town in Peru}}
{{For|the town that existed from 1540 to 1970|Santo Domingo de Yungay}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Yungay
| official_name = Yungay
| other_name =
| other_name = Yungay Nuevo
| native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| nickname =
| nickname =
Line 91: Line 93:
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
⚫
'''Yungay''', also known as '''Yungay Nuevo''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "New Yungay"), is a town in the [[Ancash Region]] in north central [[Peru]], [[South America]].


==Geography==
⚫
'''Yungay''' is a town in the [[Ancash Region]] in north central [[Peru]], [[South America]].

==Location==
Yungay is located in the [[Callejón de Huaylas]] on [[Río Santa]] at an elevation of approximately 2,500 meters, 450&nbsp;km north of [[Lima]], the country's capital. East of the small town are the mountain ridges of snow-covered [[Cordillera Blanca]], with [[Huascarán]], Peru's highest mountain, no more than 15&nbsp;km east of Yungay.
Yungay is located in the [[Callejón de Huaylas]] on [[Río Santa]] at an elevation of approximately 2,500 meters, 450&nbsp;km north of [[Lima]], the country's capital. East of the small town are the mountain ridges of snow-covered [[Cordillera Blanca]], with [[Huascarán]], Peru's highest mountain, no more than 15&nbsp;km east of Yungay.


Yungay is the capital of [[Yungay Province]], as well as the main town in the [[Yungay District]]. While the town counts approximately 10,000 inhabitants (2010 projection based on 2007 census data<ref>Haller, Andreas (2010): [http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/espacioydesarrollo/article/view/5310 Yungay: recent tendencies and spatial perceptions in an Andean risk zone]. In ''[[Espacio y Desarrollo]]'' 22, pp. 65–75 {{ISSN|1016-9148}}</ref>) Yungay Province has a population of 60,000 (2000 estimate). The Province of Yungay occupies part of the [[Callejón de Huaylas]], the [[Conchucos]] Valley (Yanama), the coast of Ancash (Quillo) and the [[Huascarán National Park]].
Yungay is the capital of [[Yungay Province]], as well as the main town in the [[Yungay District]]. While the town counts approximately 10,000 inhabitants (2010 projection based on 2007 census data<ref>Haller, Andreas (2010): [http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/espacioydesarrollo/article/view/5310 Yungay: recent tendencies and spatial perceptions in an Andean risk zone]. In ''[[Espacio y Desarrollo]]'' 22, pp. 65–75 {{ISSN|1016-9148}}</ref>), Yungay Province has a population of 60,000 (2000 estimate). The Province of Yungay occupies part of the [[Callejón de Huaylas]], the [[Conchucos]] Valley (Yanama), the coast of Ancash (Quillo) and the [[Huascarán National Park]].


==History==
==History==
{{main|Santo Domingo de Yungay}}
The "Restoration" army, a Chilean-Peruvian army during the [[War of the Confederation]], defeated the army of the [[Peru-Bolivian Confederation]] during the [[Battle of Yungay]] on January 20, 1839, marking the dissolution of the short-lived confederacy.
The [[United Restoration Army]], a Chilean-Peruvian army during the [[War of the Confederation]], defeated the army of the [[Peru-Bolivian Confederation]] during the [[Battle of Yungay]] on 20 January 1839, marking the dissolution of the short-lived confederacy.
⚫
===1962 Landslide===

On January 11, 1962 a landslide from Huascran destroyed [[Ranrahirca]] and eight other villages in which an estimated 4,000 were killed.
⚫
===1962 avalanche===
[About 50 of 500 survived from Ranrahirca].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/11/newsid_3306000/3306665.stm BBC on this day]</ref> Yungay was saved.
On 11 January 1962 an avalanche from Huascarán destroyed [[Ranrahirca]] and eight other villages in which an estimated 4,000 were killed. Yungay was saved.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/11/newsid_3306000/3306665.stm BBC on this day]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/stream/196211/1962-06#page/n165/mode/2up National Geographic June 1962]</ref>


===Ancash earthquake===
===Ancash earthquake===
{{Main|1970 Ancash earthquake|1970 Huascarán debris avalanche}}
In 1962 two American scientists, David Bernays and Charles Sawyer, had reported seeing a massive vertical slab of rock being undermined by a glacier, which threatened to fall and cause the obliteration of Yungay. According to Sawyer, when this was reported in the [[Expreso (Perú)|''Expreso'']] newspaper (27 September 1962), the government ordered them to retract or face prison, and they fled the country. Citizens were forcibly prevented from speaking of an impending disaster. Eight years later the prediction came true.<ref>[https://www.newscientist.com/letter/mg21628910-800-political-landslide/ "Political landslide"], letter to ''[[New Scientist]]'' by Charles Sawyer, 17 Nov. 2012, p. 33.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100628235635/http://www.geography.osu.edu/faculty/bmark/2007%20Mark%20GPC%20offprint.pdf "Tracing tropical Andean glaciers over space and time: Some lessons and transdisciplinary implications"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628235635/http://www.geography.osu.edu/faculty/bmark/2007%20Mark%20GPC%20offprint.pdf |date=September 19, 2013 }} by Bryan Mark, ''[[Global and Planetary Change]]'' 60 (2008) pp. 101–14.</ref>
In 1962, two American scientists, David Bernays and Charles Sawyer, had reported seeing a massive vertical slab of rock being undermined by a glacier on mount [[Huascarán|Huascarán Norte]], which threatened to fall and cause the obliteration of Yungay. According to Sawyer, when this was reported in the [[Expreso (Perú)|''Expreso'']] newspaper (27 September 1962), the government ordered them to retract or face prison, and they fled the country. Citizens were forcibly prevented from speaking of an impending disaster. Eight years later, the prediction came true.<ref>[https://www.newscientist.com/letter/mg21628910-800-political-landslide/ "Political landslide"], letter to ''[[New Scientist]]'' by Charles Sawyer, 17 Nov. 2012, p. 33.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100628235635/http://www.geography.osu.edu/faculty/bmark/2007%20Mark%20GPC%20offprint.pdf "Tracing tropical Andean glaciers over space and time: Some lessons and transdisciplinary implications"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628235635/http://www.geography.osu.edu/faculty/bmark/2007%20Mark%20GPC%20offprint.pdf |date=June 28, 2010 }} by Bryan Mark, ''[[Global and Planetary Change]]'' 60 (2008) pp. 101–14.</ref>


[[Image:Yungay Cemetery.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Cemetery in Yungay]]
[[Image:Yungay Cemetery.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Cemetery in Yungay]]
[[File:Remnant of Yungay cathedral.jpg|thumb|265px|right|The remnants of Yungay's cathedral after the landslide]]
[[File:Remnant of Yungay cathedral.jpg|thumb|265px|right|The remnants of Yungay's town church after the landslide]]
On May 31, 1970, the [[1970 Ancash earthquake|Ancash earthquake]] caused a substantial part of the north side of a mountain, [[Nevado Huascarán]], to collapse and an unstable mass of glacial ice about 800 meters across at the top of Nevado Huascarán to fall. This caused a [[debris avalanche]], burying the town of Yungay and killing 20,000 people. More than 50 million cubic meters of debris slid approximately 15 kilometers downhill at an angle of about 14 degrees. Speeds between 340&nbsp;mph to 620&nbsp;mph were achieved.<ref>{{cite book
On 31 May 1970, the Ancash earthquake caused a substantial part of the north side of a mountain, [[Nevado Huascarán]], to collapse and an unstable mass of glacial ice about 800 meters across at the top of Nevado Huascarán to fall. This caused a [[debris avalanche]], burying the town of Yungay and killing 20,000 people (400 survived).<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/11/newsid_3306000/3306665.stm BBC on this day]</ref> More than 50 million cubic meters of debris slid approximately 15 kilometers downhill at an angle of about 14 degrees. Speeds between 340&nbsp;mph to 620&nbsp;mph were achieved.<ref>{{cite book
|first=Diane |last=H. Carlson |first2=David |last2=McGeary |first3=Charles |last3=C. Plummer
|first=Diane |last=H. Carlson |first2=David |last2=McGeary |first3=Charles |last3=C. Plummer
|title=Physical Geology, 11th ed
|title=Physical Geology, 11th ed
Line 120: Line 123:
[[Image:Yungay Viejo Cementario.jpg|thumb|right|265px| The old cemetery.]]
[[Image:Yungay Viejo Cementario.jpg|thumb|right|265px| The old cemetery.]]
{{wide image|Yungay Viejo - location of landslide 1970.jpg|1000px|Yungay Viejo (2500 m) as seen from the cemetery hill. The tinted area shows the location of the landslide caused by an earthquake on 31 May 1970, in which a part of the western flank of Huascaran Norte (6652 m) collapsed. Yungay Nuevo is behind the shaded area in the center.|left}}
{{wide image|Yungay Viejo - location of landslide 1970.jpg|1000px|Yungay Viejo (2500 m) as seen from the cemetery hill. The tinted area shows the location of the landslide caused by an earthquake on 31 May 1970, in which a part of the western flank of Huascaran Norte (6652 m) collapsed. Yungay Nuevo is behind the shaded area in the center.|left}}

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Yungay, elevation {{convert|2527|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1995–2010)
|Jan high C = 24.5
|Feb high C = 23.9
|Mar high C = 23.8
|Apr high C = 23.9
|May high C = 24.7
|Jun high C = 24.5
|Jul high C = 25.1
|Aug high C = 25.3
|Sep high C = 25.4
|Oct high C = 25.1
|Nov high C = 24.3
|Dec high C = 24.3
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 16.1
|Feb mean C = 16.0
|Mar mean C = 15.6
|Apr mean C = 15.5
|May mean C = 15.7
|Jun mean C = 14.6
|Jul mean C = 14.9
|Aug mean C = 15.3
|Sep mean C = 16.6
|Oct mean C = 16.7
|Nov mean C = 16.0
|Dec mean C = 16.0
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = 8.6
|Feb low C = 9.2
|Mar low C = 8.9
|Apr low C = 8.6
|May low C = 8.2
|Jun low C = 6.4
|Jul low C = 6.5
|Aug low C = 6.6
|Sep low C = 7.5
|Oct low C = 8.3
|Nov low C = 8.3
|Dec low C = 8.4
| year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 46.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 71.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 82.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 40.6
|May precipitation mm = 6.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 1.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 0.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 7.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 17.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 24.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 26.6
|year precipitation mm =
| source 1 = Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal<ref name=UNFV>{{cite web
| url = https://repositorio.unfv.edu.pe/handle/20.500.13084/2706
| title = EVOLUCIÓN DE LA COBERTURA GLACIAR Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LA DISPONIBILIDAD HÍDRICA DE LA SUBCUENCA BLANCO – RÍO SANTA
| publisher= Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal
| access-date = 14 June 2024}}</ref>
| source 2 = Institut de recherche pour le développement (precipitation)<ref name=>{{cite web
| url = https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-12/010074632.pdf
| title = Glaciares y Recursos Hídricos en la Cuenca del río Santa
| publisher= Institut de recherche pour le développement
| access-date = 14 June 2024}}</ref>
}}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 126: Line 201:


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
Line 140: Line 215:
* {{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100917171412/http://www.yungayperu.com.pe/sismo.htm Earthquake 31 May 1970] (yungayperu.com, with details and photos of the catastrophe)
* {{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100917171412/http://www.yungayperu.com.pe/sismo.htm Earthquake 31 May 1970] (yungayperu.com, with details and photos of the catastrophe)


{{Authority control}}
{{coord|09|08|22|S|77|44|42|W|region:PE_type:city|display=title}}
{{Coord|09|08|22|S|77|44|42|W|region:PE_type:city|display=title}}


[[Category:Cities destroyed by earthquakes]]
[[Category:Populated places destroyed by earthquakes]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Peru]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Peru]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Ancash Region]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Ancash Region]]

Latest revision as of 21:48, 27 September 2024

For the town that existed from 1540 to 1970, see Santo Domingo de Yungay.
Yungay
Yungay Nuevo
Town
Cemetery in Yungay
Cemetery in Yungay
Flag of Yungay
Flag
Official seal of Yungay
Seal
Yungay is located in Peru
Yungay
Yungay
Location of in Peru
Coordinates: 09°08′22″S 77°44′42″W / 9.13944°S 77.74500°W / -9.13944; -77.74500
Country Peru
RegionAncash
ProvinceYungay
DistrictYungay
Founded4 August 1540
Government
 • MayorFernando Ciro Casio Consolación
Elevation
2,458 m (8,064 ft)
Population
 (2017)
 • Total20,070
Time zoneUTC-5 (PET)
ClimateBSk

Yungay, also known as Yungay Nuevo (Spanish for "New Yungay"), is a town in the Ancash Region in north central Peru, South America.

Geography

[edit]

Yungay is located in the Callejón de Huaylas on Río Santa at an elevation of approximately 2,500 meters, 450 km north of Lima, the country's capital. East of the small town are the mountain ridges of snow-covered Cordillera Blanca, with Huascarán, Peru's highest mountain, no more than 15 km east of Yungay.

Yungay is the capital of Yungay Province, as well as the main town in the Yungay District. While the town counts approximately 10,000 inhabitants (2010 projection based on 2007 census data[1]), Yungay Province has a population of 60,000 (2000 estimate). The Province of Yungay occupies part of the Callejón de Huaylas, the Conchucos Valley (Yanama), the coast of Ancash (Quillo) and the Huascarán National Park.

History

[edit]
Main article: Santo Domingo de Yungay

The United Restoration Army, a Chilean-Peruvian army during the War of the Confederation, defeated the army of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation during the Battle of Yungay on 20 January 1839, marking the dissolution of the short-lived confederacy.

1962 avalanche

[edit]

On 11 January 1962 an avalanche from Huascarán destroyed Ranrahirca and eight other villages in which an estimated 4,000 were killed. Yungay was saved.[2][3]

Ancash earthquake

[edit]
Main articles: 1970 Ancash earthquake and 1970 Huascarán debris avalanche

In 1962, two American scientists, David Bernays and Charles Sawyer, had reported seeing a massive vertical slab of rock being undermined by a glacier on mount Huascarán Norte, which threatened to fall and cause the obliteration of Yungay. According to Sawyer, when this was reported in the Expreso newspaper (27 September 1962), the government ordered them to retract or face prison, and they fled the country. Citizens were forcibly prevented from speaking of an impending disaster. Eight years later, the prediction came true.[4][5]

Cemetery in Yungay
The remnants of Yungay's town church after the landslide

On 31 May 1970, the Ancash earthquake caused a substantial part of the north side of a mountain, Nevado Huascarán, to collapse and an unstable mass of glacial ice about 800 meters across at the top of Nevado Huascarán to fall. This caused a debris avalanche, burying the town of Yungay and killing 20,000 people (400 survived).[6] More than 50 million cubic meters of debris slid approximately 15 kilometers downhill at an angle of about 14 degrees. Speeds between 340 mph to 620 mph were achieved.[7] Most of the survivors were in the cemetery and stadium at the time of the earthquake, as these zones were the highest in town.

The Peruvian government has forbidden excavation in the area where the old town of Yungay is buried, declaring it a national cemetery. The current town was rebuilt 2 km (1 mi) north of the destroyed city.

The old cemetery.
Yungay Viejo (2500 m) as seen from the cemetery hill. The tinted area shows the location of the landslide caused by an earthquake on 31 May 1970, in which a part of the western flank of Huascaran Norte (6652 m) collapsed. Yungay Nuevo is behind the shaded area in the center.

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Yungay, elevation 2,527 m (8,291 ft), (1995–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 24.5
(76.1) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.5
(76.1) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		24.3
(75.7) 		24.3
(75.7) 		24.6
(76.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.1
(61.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		15.6
(60.1) 		15.5
(59.9) 		15.7
(60.3) 		14.6
(58.3) 		14.9
(58.8) 		15.3
(59.5) 		16.6
(61.9) 		16.7
(62.1) 		16.0
(60.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		15.8
(60.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.6
(47.5) 		9.2
(48.6) 		8.9
(48.0) 		8.6
(47.5) 		8.2
(46.8) 		6.4
(43.5) 		6.5
(43.7) 		6.6
(43.9) 		7.5
(45.5) 		8.3
(46.9) 		8.3
(46.9) 		8.4
(47.1) 		8.0
(46.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 46.1
(1.81) 		71.2
(2.80) 		82.4
(3.24) 		40.6
(1.60) 		6.1
(0.24) 		1.2
(0.05) 		0.2
(0.01) 		0.6
(0.02) 		7.4
(0.29) 		17.4
(0.69) 		24.0
(0.94) 		26.6
(1.05) 		323.8
(12.74)
Source 1: Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal[8]
Source 2: Institut de recherche pour le développement (precipitation)[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Haller, Andreas (2010): Yungay: recent tendencies and spatial perceptions in an Andean risk zone. In Espacio y Desarrollo 22, pp. 65–75 ISSN 1016-9148
  2. ^ BBC on this day
  3. ^ National Geographic June 1962
  4. ^ "Political landslide", letter to New Scientist by Charles Sawyer, 17 Nov. 2012, p. 33.
  5. ^ "Tracing tropical Andean glaciers over space and time: Some lessons and transdisciplinary implications" Archived June 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine by Bryan Mark, Global and Planetary Change 60 (2008) pp. 101–14.
  6. ^ BBC on this day
  7. ^ H. Carlson, Diane; McGeary, David; C. Plummer, Charles (2007). Physical Geology, 11th ed. The McGraw Hill Company, Inc.
  8. ^ "EVOLUCIÓN DE LA COBERTURA GLACIAR Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LA DISPONIBILIDAD HÍDRICA DE LA SUBCUENCA BLANCO – RÍO SANTA". Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  9. ^ "Glaciares y Recursos Hídricos en la Cuenca del río Santa" (PDF). Institut de recherche pour le développement. Retrieved 14 June 2024.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]

Caves

Earthquake of 31 May 1970

09°08′22″S 77°44′42″W / 9.13944°S 77.74500°W / -9.13944; -77.74500

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