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{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| image = מחרוזן הטבעות (דו-גוני).jpg
| name = ''Micrelaps muelleri''
⚫
| status = LC
⚫
| image=מחרוזן הטבעות (דו-גוני).jpg
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
⚫
| status = LC
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Disi, M. |author2=A.M. |author3=Hraoui-Bloquet, S. |author4=Sadek, R. |author5=Werner, Y. &Crochet, P-A. |date=2006 |title=''Micrelaps muelleri'' |volume=2006 |page=e.T61536A12509682 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T61536A12509682.en |access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref>
⚫
| status_system = iucn3.1
| genus = Micrelaps
| genus = Micrelaps
| species = muelleri
| species = muelleri
| authority = [[Oskar Boettger|Boettger]], 1880
| authority = [[Oskar Boettger|Boettger]], 1880
}}
}}


:'''''Common names:''' Müller's black-headed snake,<ref name="EDR"/> Mueller's two-headed snake,{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}'' Erdviper.<ref name="EMBL"/>
:'''''Common names:''' Müller's black-headed snake,<ref name=EDR/> Mueller's two-headed snake,<ref name=HerpMapper/> Muller's snake.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" />''


'''''Micrelaps muelleri''''' is a [[species]] of [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Opisthoglyphous|rear-fanged]] snake in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Atractaspididae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Middle East]].
'''''Micrelaps muelleri''''' is a [[species]] of mildly [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Opisthoglyphous|rear-fanged]] snake in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Lamprophiidae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Middle East]].<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /><ref name=RDB/>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
No subspecies are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=700380 |taxon=''Micrelaps muelleri '' |accessdate=17 August 2007}}</ref> ''Micrelaps muelleri'' is the [[type species]] for the [[genus]] ''[[Micrelaps]]''.<ref name="EMBL"/>
There are no subspecies of ''M. muelleri'' that are recognized as being valid. ''M. muelleri'' is the [[type species]] for the [[genus]] ''[[Micrelaps]]''.<ref name=RDB/>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''muelleri'', is in honor of [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[herpetologist]] [[Fritz Müller (doctor)|Fritz Müller]].<ref name="EDR">Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M. 2011. ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Micrelaps muelleri'', p. 184).</ref>
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''muelleri'', is in honor of [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[herpetologist]] [[Fritz Müller (doctor)|Fritz Müller]].<ref name=EDR>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Micrelaps muelleri'', p. 184).</ref><ref name=RDB/>


==Geographic range==
==Geographic range==
It is found in [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Syria]].<ref name="EMBL">{{EMBL species|genus=Micrelaps|species=muelleri|date=17 August|year=2007}}</ref>
''Micrelaps muelleri'' is found in [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Syria]].<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /><ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species |genus=Micrelaps |species=muelleri |accessdate=16 February 2021}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
''Micrelaps muelleri'' is black, with whitish zigzag-edged rings, which may be narrower or wider than the spaces between them, mostly interrupted ventrally.
''Micrelaps muelleri'' is black, with whitish zigzag-edged rings, which may be narrower or wider than the spaces between them, mostly interrupted ventrally.


Adults may attain {{convert|40.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} in total length, with a tail {{convert|3|cm|in|frac=8|abbr=on}} long.
Adults may attain a total length of {{convert|40.5|cm|in|abbr=on}}, which includes a tail {{convert|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} long.


Dorsal scales smooth, without apical pits, arranged in 15 rows. Ventrals 251-275; anal plate divided; subcaudals 26-32, also divided.
The [[dorsal scales]] are smooth, without apical pits, and arranged in 15 rows at midbody. The [[Ventral scales|ventrals]] number 251–275. The [[Anal scale|anal plate]] is divided. The [[Subcaudal scales|subcaudals]], which are also divided, number 26–32.


Head very flattened. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above. Internasals a little broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals. Frontal small, not broader than the supraocular, 1⅔ times as long as broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral, half as long as the parietals. Supraocular as long as broad. A small postocular, in contact with the first temporal. Temporals 1+1 or 1+2. Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin shield. Anterior chin shields as long as the posterior chin shields.<ref>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]]. 1896. ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ), Amblycephalidæ, and Viperidæ''. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (''Micrelaps muelleri'', p. 249).</ref>
The head is very flattened. The [[Rostral scale|rostral]] is nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above. The [[Internasal scales|internasals]] are a little broader than long, shorter than the [[Prefrontal scales|prefrontals]]. The [[Frontal scale|frontal]] is small, not broader than the [[Ocular scales|supraocular]], 1⅔ times as long as broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral, half as long as the [[Parietal scales|parietals]]. Each supraocular is as long as broad. A small postocular is in contact with the first [[Temporal scales|temporal]]. The temporals are arranged 1+1 or 1+2. There are seven [[Labial scale|upper labials]], the third and fourth entering the eye. There are three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior [[Chin shields|chin shield]]. The anterior chin shields are as long as the posterior chin shields.<ref>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ), Amblycephalidæ, and Viperidæ''. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (''Micrelaps muelleri'', p. 249).</ref>

==Reproduction==
''Micrelaps muelleri'' is [[Oviparity|oviparous]].<ref name=RDB/>


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
Its preferred habitat includes [[Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub|Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation]], and arable land.<ref name="ICUN-BS">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/61536/summ ''Micrelaps muelleri''] at [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 17 August 2007.</ref>
The preferred [[habitat]]s of ''M. muelleri'' include [[Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub|Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation]], and arable land.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" />


==Conservation status==
==Conservation status==
This species is classified as Least Concern (LC) according to the [[IUCN]] Red List of Threatened Species (v3.1, 2001).<ref name="ICUN-BS"/> This is because it does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant species are included in this category. Year assessed: 2005.<ref name="ICUN-31">[http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001#categories 2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)] [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List]. Accessed 17 August 2007.</ref>
''Micrelaps muelleri'' is classified as "[[Least-concern species|least concern]]" (LC) according to the [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]. Although its range is relatively restricted, there are not believed to be major threats to it. It is present in some protected areas.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" />


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=HerpMapper>{{cite web |url=https://www.herpmapper.org/taxon/micrelaps_muelleri |title=Mueller's Two-headed Snake ''Micrelaps muelleri'' |publisher=HerpMapper |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref>
}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
[[Oskar Boettger|Böttger O]]. 1880. "''Die Reptilien und Amphibien von Syrien, Palaestina und Cypern'' ". ''Bericht über die Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft in Frankurt am Main'' '''1880''': 132-219. (''Micrelaps muelleri'', new species, pp.&nbsp;137–138). (In [[German language|German]] and [[Latin]]).
[[Oskar Boettger|Böttger O]] (1880). "''Die Reptilien und Amphibien von Syrien, Palaestina und Cypern'' ". ''Bericht über die Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft in Frankurt am Main'' '''1880''': 132-219. (''Micrelaps muelleri'', new species, pp.&nbsp;137–138). (In [[German language|German]] and [[Latin]]).


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1517893}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1517893}}


[[Category:Atractaspididae]]
[[Category:Atractaspididae]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1880]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Snakes of Jordan]]

[[Category:Reptiles of Syria]]

[[Category:Taxa named by Oskar Boettger]]
{{Alethinophidia-stub}}
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1880]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

Latest revision as of 09:39, 18 October 2024

Micrelaps muelleri
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Micrelapidae
Genus: Micrelaps
Species:
M. muelleri
Binomial name
Micrelaps muelleri
Boettger, 1880
Common names: Müller's black-headed snake,[2] Mueller's two-headed snake,[3] Muller's snake.[1]

Micrelaps muelleri is a species of mildly venomous rear-fanged snake in the family Lamprophiidae. The species is endemic to the Middle East.[1][4]

Taxonomy

[edit]

There are no subspecies of M. muelleri that are recognized as being valid. M. muelleri is the type species for the genus Micrelaps.[4]

Etymology

[edit]

The specific name, muelleri, is in honor of Swiss herpetologist Fritz Müller.[2][4]

Geographic range

[edit]

Micrelaps muelleri is found in Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.[1][4]

Description

[edit]

Micrelaps muelleri is black, with whitish zigzag-edged rings, which may be narrower or wider than the spaces between them, mostly interrupted ventrally.

Adults may attain a total length of 40.5 cm (15.9 in), which includes a tail 3 cm (1.2 in) long.

The dorsal scales are smooth, without apical pits, and arranged in 15 rows at midbody. The ventrals number 251–275. The anal plate is divided. The subcaudals, which are also divided, number 26–32.

The head is very flattened. The rostral is nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above. The internasals are a little broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals. The frontal is small, not broader than the supraocular, 1⅔ times as long as broad, hardly as long as its distance from the rostral, half as long as the parietals. Each supraocular is as long as broad. A small postocular is in contact with the first temporal. The temporals are arranged 1+1 or 1+2. There are seven upper labials, the third and fourth entering the eye. There are three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin shield. The anterior chin shields are as long as the posterior chin shields.[5]

Reproduction

[edit]

Micrelaps muelleri is oviparous.[4]

Habitat

[edit]

The preferred habitats of M. muelleri include Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, and arable land.[1]

Conservation status

[edit]

Micrelaps muelleri is classified as "least concern" (LC) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Although its range is relatively restricted, there are not believed to be major threats to it. It is present in some protected areas.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Disi, M.; A.M.; Hraoui-Bloquet, S.; Sadek, R.; Werner, Y. &Crochet, P-A. (2006). "Micrelaps muelleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006: e.T61536A12509682. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T61536A12509682.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Micrelaps muelleri, p. 184).
  3. ^ "Mueller's Two-headed Snake Micrelaps muelleri". HerpMapper. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e Micrelaps muelleri at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 16 February 2021.
  5. ^ Boulenger GA (1896). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ), Amblycephalidæ, and Viperidæ. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Micrelaps muelleri, p. 249).

Further reading

[edit]

Böttger O (1880). "Die Reptilien und Amphibien von Syrien, Palaestina und Cypern ". Bericht über die Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft in Frankurt am Main 1880: 132-219. (Micrelaps muelleri, new species, pp. 137–138). (In German and Latin).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micrelaps_muelleri&oldid=1251831213"