Stun grenade: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Non-lethal grenade}} |
{{Short description|Non-lethal grenade}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=December 2022}} |
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[[File:M-84-Flash-Bang-Grenade.jpg|thumb|[[M84 stun grenade]]]] |
[[File:M-84-Flash-Bang-Grenade.jpg|thumb|[[M84 stun grenade]]]] |
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A '''stun grenade''', also known as a '''flash grenade''', '''flashbang''', '''thunderflash''', or '''sound bomb''',<ref>{{Cite news |title=Drugs raid recovers tonnes of cocaine and marijuana in Chile |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/11072826/Drugs-raid-recovers-tonnes-of-cocaine-and-marijuana-in-Chile.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904053012/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/11072826/Drugs-raid-recovers-tonnes-of-cocaine-and-marijuana-in-Chile.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 4, 2014 |work=[[Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |date=September 3, 2014 }}</ref> is a [[Non-lethal weapon|non-lethal]] [[explosive device]] used to temporarily disorient an enemy's senses. Upon detonation, a stun grenade produces a blinding flash of light and an extremely loud "bang". They are often used in [[close-quarters combat]], [[door breaching]], and [[riot control]], typically to stun enemies or distract them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office > Current Intermediate Force Capabilities > M-84 Flash Bang Grenade |url=https://jnlwp.defense.gov/Current-Intermediate-Force-Capabilities/M-84-Flash-Bang-Grenade/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=jnlwp.defense.gov}}</ref> |
A '''stun grenade''', also known as a '''flash grenade''', '''flashbang''', '''thunderflash''', or '''sound bomb''',<ref>{{Cite news |title=Drugs raid recovers tonnes of cocaine and marijuana in Chile |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/11072826/Drugs-raid-recovers-tonnes-of-cocaine-and-marijuana-in-Chile.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904053012/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/11072826/Drugs-raid-recovers-tonnes-of-cocaine-and-marijuana-in-Chile.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 4, 2014 |work=[[Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |date=September 3, 2014 }}</ref> is a [[Non-lethal weapon|non-lethal]] [[explosive device]] used to temporarily disorient an enemy's senses. Upon detonation, a stun grenade produces [[Flash blindness|a blinding flash of light]] and an extremely loud "bang". They are often used in [[close-quarters combat]], [[door breaching]], and [[riot control]], typically to stun enemies or distract them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office > Current Intermediate Force Capabilities > M-84 Flash Bang Grenade |url=https://jnlwp.defense.gov/Current-Intermediate-Force-Capabilities/M-84-Flash-Bang-Grenade/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=jnlwp.defense.gov}}</ref> |
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Originally developed for to simulate explosions during military training, stun grenades were first used by the [[British Army]] [[Special Air Service]]'s [[Counterterrorism|counterterrorist]] wing in the late 1970s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAS - Weapons - Flash Bang | Stun Grenade |url=http://www.eliteukforces.info/special-air-service/weapons/stun-grenade.php |publisher=Elite UK Forces |access-date=2013-05-29 |archive-date=2017-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831151008/http://www.eliteukforces.info/special-air-service/weapons/stun-grenade.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Bonneville, Leigh, ''The SAS 1983-2014 (Elite)'', Osprey Publishing, 2016, {{ISBN|1472814037}} {{ISBN|978-1472814036}}, p.9</ref> and have been used by [[police]] and [[military]] forces worldwide since.<ref>McEvoy, Matthew, et al. "State violence against protesters: Perspectives and trends in use of less lethal weapons." ''Torture Journal'' 34.1 (2024): 35.</ref> |
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Despite their less-lethal nature, stun grenades are still capable of causing harm, and can injure or kill when detonating in close proximity. They are also capable of sparking fires.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Angwin |first1=Julia |last2=Nehring |first2=Abbie |title=Hotter Than Lava |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/flashbangs |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=ProPublica}}</ref> |
Despite their less-lethal nature, stun grenades are still capable of causing harm, and can injure or kill when detonating in close proximity. They are also capable of sparking fires.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Angwin |first1=Julia |last2=Nehring |first2=Abbie |title=Hotter Than Lava |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/flashbangs |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=ProPublica}}</ref> |
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== Construction == |
== Construction == |
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Unlike a [[Grenade|fragmentation grenade]], stun grenades are constructed with a casing designed to remain intact during detonation and avoid [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmentation]] injuries, while having large circular cutouts to allow the light and sound of the explosion through. The filler comprises a [[Pyrotechnics|pyrotechnic]] metal-oxidant mix of [[magnesium]] or [[aluminium]] and an oxidizer such as [[potassium perchlorate]] or [[potassium nitrate]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Tumbarska |first=Adelina |title=Non-Lethal Weapons in Domestic Law Enforcement: Some Legal and Ethical Aspects |date=2018 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/fb_ic4hs.2018.4 |work=4th International Conference on Human Security |pages=39–45 |place=Belgrade |publisher=University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Human Security Research Center |doi=10.18485/fb_ic4hs.2018.4 |isbn=978-86-80144-30-6 |access-date=2023-02-08}}</ref> |
Unlike a [[Grenade|fragmentation grenade]], stun grenades are constructed with a casing designed to remain intact during detonation and avoid [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmentation]] injuries, while having large circular cutouts to allow the light and sound of the explosion through. The filler comprises a [[Pyrotechnics|pyrotechnic]] metal-oxidant mix of [[magnesium]] or [[aluminium]] and an oxidizer such as [[potassium perchlorate]] or [[potassium nitrate]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Tumbarska |first=Adelina |title=Non-Lethal Weapons in Domestic Law Enforcement: Some Legal and Ethical Aspects |date=2018 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/fb_ic4hs.2018.4 |work=4th International Conference on Human Security |pages=39–45 |place=Belgrade |publisher=University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Human Security Research Center |doi=10.18485/fb_ic4hs.2018.4 |isbn=978-86-80144-30-6 |access-date=2023-02-08}}</ref> |
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Let's make a flashbang guys, you need to gather all the necessary materials. Here's a list of what you will need if you lose an eye or two, you are responsible for it, posting it for educational purposes) |
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- potassium nitrate (75%), sulfur(10%), and charcoal (15%) |
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Total 7 grams |
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potassium perchlorate and aluminum powder (salute powder) |
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Fuse (use low or high burning one according to need) |
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Tin tube(you can use a soda can and make it for specific size by soldering) |
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Aluminum foil |
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Scale (digital or analog) |
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Scissors |
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Ruler marker |
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Safety glasses |
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Dust mask |
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Gloves (preferably latex or nitrile) |
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Measure and Mix the potassium perchlorate and aluminum powder(salute powder) |
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Salute powder is a highly explosive mixture of aluminum and potassium perchlorate that produces a bright flash and a loud bang when ignited. It can be purchased online or at some specialty stores. To make a flashbang, you need to measure and mix the salute powder. |
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The ratio of potassium perchlorate to aluminum powder should be 70:30 by weight. |
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For example, if you want to make a 100-gram flashbang, you need 70 grams of potassium perchlorate and 30 grams of aluminum powder. Wrap the Fuse in Aluminum Foil The fuse is a crucial component of the flashbang, as it ignites the salute powder and initiates the explosion. To protect the fuse from the hot gases and sparks, you need to wrap it in aluminum foil. |
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Cut a piece of aluminum foil that is long enough to cover the entire length of the fuse and wide enough to wrap around it twice. |
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Wrap the foil tightly around the fuse, leaving a small exposed tip at the end. |
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== Hazards == |
== Hazards == |
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Latest revision as of 19:27, 23 October 2024
A stun grenade, also known as a flash grenade, flashbang, thunderflash, or sound bomb,[1] is a non-lethal explosive device used to temporarily disorient an enemy's senses. Upon detonation, a stun grenade produces a blinding flash of light and an extremely loud "bang". They are often used in close-quarters combat, door breaching, and riot control, typically to stun enemies or distract them.[2]
Originally developed for to simulate explosions during military training, stun grenades were first used by the British Army Special Air Service's counterterrorist wing in the late 1970s,[3][4] and have been used by police and military forces worldwide since.[5]
Despite their less-lethal nature, stun grenades are still capable of causing harm, and can injure or kill when detonating in close proximity. They are also capable of sparking fires.[6]
Effects
[edit]
Stun grenades are designed to produce a blinding flash of light of around 7 megacandela (Mcd) and an intensely loud "bang" of greater than 170 decibels (dB).[7]
The flash temporarily activates all photoreceptor cells in the eye, blinding it for approximately five seconds. Afterward, victims perceive an afterimage that impairs their vision. The volume of the detonation also causes temporary deafness in the victim and disturbs the fluid in the ear, causing a loss of balance.[8]
Construction
[edit]Unlike a fragmentation grenade, stun grenades are constructed with a casing designed to remain intact during detonation and avoid fragmentation injuries, while having large circular cutouts to allow the light and sound of the explosion through. The filler comprises a pyrotechnic metal-oxidant mix of magnesium or aluminium and an oxidizer such as potassium perchlorate or potassium nitrate.[9]
Hazards
[edit]While stun grenades are designed to limit injury, permanent hearing loss has been reported.[10][11] The concussive blast has the ability to cause injuries, and the heat generated may ignite flammable materials. The fires that occurred during the 1980 Iranian Embassy siege in London were caused by stun grenades.[12]
See also
[edit]- Blast ball – Less-lethal hand grenade
- Dazzler – Non-lethal temporary blindness weapon
- M84 stun grenade – American less-lethal pyrotechnic
- NICO BTV-1 flash-bang grenade – Flash-bang grenade used in the United States
References
[edit]- ^ "Drugs raid recovers tonnes of cocaine and marijuana in Chile". Daily Telegraph. London. September 3, 2014. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014.
- ^ "Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office > Current Intermediate Force Capabilities > M-84 Flash Bang Grenade". jnlwp.defense.gov. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
- ^ "SAS - Weapons - Flash Bang | Stun Grenade". Elite UK Forces. Archived from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
- ^ Bonneville, Leigh, The SAS 1983-2014 (Elite), Osprey Publishing, 2016, ISBN 1472814037 ISBN 978-1472814036, p.9
- ^ McEvoy, Matthew, et al. "State violence against protesters: Perspectives and trends in use of less lethal weapons." Torture Journal 34.1 (2024): 35.
- ^ Angwin, Julia; Nehring, Abbie. "Hotter Than Lava". ProPublica. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
- ^ "Measurement of Exposure to Impulsive Noise at Indoor and Outdoor Firing Ranges During Tactical Training Exercises" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-12-19. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
- ^ Functional Economic Analysis Model (Version 2.3) (User's Manual). Revision (PDF), Fort Belvoir, VA: Institute For Defense Analyses Alexandria VA, 1993-02-01, archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-23
- ^ Tumbarska, Adelina (2018), "Non-Lethal Weapons in Domestic Law Enforcement: Some Legal and Ethical Aspects", 4th International Conference on Human Security, Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Human Security Research Center, pp. 39–45, doi:10.18485/fb_ic4hs.2018.4, ISBN 978-86-80144-30-6, retrieved 2023-02-08
- ^ "Stun grenades cause permanent hearing loss". Kashmir Observer. Archived from the original on 2018-02-14.
- ^ Hambling, David (August 6, 2009). "Military Still Trying to Replace Dangerous Stun Grenades". Wired.
- ^ Perry, Mike (April 30, 2020). "40 years ago the British SAS stormed the Iranian Embassy and became world famous". The SOFREP Media Group. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stun grenades.
- FM 3-23.30 Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals. GlobalSecurity.org, 1 September 2000. Ch. 1, Sec. 10. "Stun Hand Grenades". Retrieved on 26 May 2011.
