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{{Short description|Soviet early warning radar}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox Radar
{{Infobox Radar
|name = P-30 Radar
|name = P-30 radar
|image =
|image = Big Mesh.png
|caption =
|caption = [[CIA]] illustration of a P-30
|country = {{flagcountry|Soviet Union}}
|country = {{flagcountry|Soviet Union}}
|introdate = 1955
|introdate = 1955
|number = E band/F band
|number =
|type = Early warning ground control.
|type = [[Early-warning radar|Early warning]]<br/>[[Ground-controlled interception|Ground control]]
|frequency =
|frequency = E band/F band
|range = 180 km (112 miles)
|range = 180 km (112 miles)
|altitude = 12 km (40,000 feet)
|altitude = 12 km (40,000 feet)
Line 17: Line 19:
}}
}}


The '''P-30''' '''"Khrustal"''' ({{lang-ru|"Хрусталь"}}; {{lang-en|[[crystal]]}}) also referred to by the [[NATO reporting name]] '''"Big Mesh"''' in the west is a 2D [[E band (NATO)|E band]]/[[F band (NATO)|F band]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nance W.H |title=Quality Elint | journal=Studies in Intelligence |volume=12 |issue=2 (Spring) |pages=7–19 |year=1968 }}</ref> [[radar]] developed and operated by the former [[Soviet Union]].
The '''P-30''' '''"Khrustal"''' ({{langx|ru|Хрусталь}}; {{langx|en|[[crystal]]}}), also referred to by the [[NATO reporting name]] '''"Big Mesh"''' in the west, is a 2D [[E band (NATO)|E band]]/[[F band (NATO)|F band]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nance W.H |title=Quality Elint | journal=Studies in Intelligence |volume=12 |issue=2 (Spring) |pages=7–19 |year=1968 }}</ref> [[radar]] developed and operated by the former [[Soviet Union]].


== Development ==
== Development ==
The P-30 was developed by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Radio Engineering (VNIIRT)<ref name="VNIIRT">{{cite web|url=http://www.aha.ru/~skala/vniirt/path_3.htm |script-title=ru:история: 1947-1970 гг. |language=Russian |accessdate=2009-01-31 |date=2002-01-15 |publisher=VNIIRT |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420063019/http://www.aha.ru/~skala/vniirt/path_3.htm |archivedate=April 20, 2008 }}</ref> as an early warning ground control and interception radar for the [[Soviet Air Defence Forces]], airforce and navy of the Soviet Union. Crystal was a development of an earlier radar design, the [[P-20 radar]] with which it shares many similarities. The radar was developed under the direction of chief designer V. Samarin and by 1955 the radar had completed state trials and was accepted into service.<ref name="PVO">{{cite web |url=http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/p30.htm |script-title=ru:РЛС П-30 |language=Russian |accessdate=2009-01-31 |date=2000-08-07 |publisher=pvo.guns.ru }}</ref>
The P-30 was developed by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Radio Engineering (VNIIRT)<ref name="VNIIRT">{{cite web|url=http://www.aha.ru/~skala/vniirt/path_3.htm |script-title=ru:история: 1947-1970 гг. |language=ru |access-date=2009-01-31 |date=2002-01-15 |publisher=VNIIRT |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420063019/http://www.aha.ru/~skala/vniirt/path_3.htm |archive-date=April 20, 2008 }}</ref> as an early warning ground control and interception radar for the [[Soviet Air Defence Forces]], airforce and navy of the Soviet Union. Crystal was a development of an earlier radar design, the [[P-20 radar]] with which it shares many similarities. The radar was developed under the direction of chief designer V. Samarin and by 1955 the radar had completed state trials and was accepted into service.<ref name="PVO">{{cite web |url=http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/p30.htm |script-title=ru:РЛС П-30 |language=ru |access-date=2009-01-31 |date=2000-08-07 |publisher=pvo.guns.ru }}</ref>


In 1958 the P-30 was upgraded to provide a 10-15% improvement in the detection range as well as improvements to the systems reliability, the modernised variant entered service in 1959 after completion of state trials.<ref name="PVO"/> The P-30 has now been superseded by its successors, the [[P-35 radar|P-35]] and [[P-37 radar]].
In 1958 the P-30 was upgraded to provide a 10-15% improvement in the detection range as well as improvements to the systems reliability, the modernised variant entered service in 1959 after completion of state trials.<ref name="PVO"/> The P-30 has now been superseded by its successors, the [[P-35 radar|P-35]] and [[P-37 radar]].


== Description ==
== Description ==
The P-30 is a semi-mobile radar consisting of a trailer mounting the control cabin and transmitter equipment, two [[ZiL|Zil]] trucks carrying the power supply equipment and [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]] trailers.<ref name="PVO"/> The antenna system of the P-30 is composed of two open frame truncated [[parabolic antenna]] accomplishing both [[Transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]] and reception. Both antenna are fed by a stacked beam composed of six feed horns.<ref name="Janes">{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-C4I-Systems/Big-Mesh-GCI-radar-Russian-Federation.html |title=`Big Mesh' GCI radar (Russian Federation), INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS - DIRECTION-FINDING |accessdate=2009-01-31 |date=2000-06-08 |publisher=Jane's C4I Systems }}</ref> The radar uses two antenna to determine target altitude by the V-beam system with azimuth scanned mechanically. The upper antenna is tilted to an angle of 25 degrees<ref name="Janes"/> from horizontal which results in each target appearing twice on the indicator, the distance between the two allows the targets altitude to be approximately estimated by the operator.<ref name="RB"/> The left hand side of the lower antenna carried the antenna array of the NRS-20 [[Identification friend or foe|IFF]] secondary radar, which was used to identify detected aircraft as friend or foe.<ref name="RB">{{cite web |url=http://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/karte921.en.html |title=P-30 „Big Mesh” |accessdate=2009-01-31 |year=2008 |author=Christian Wolff }}</ref>
The P-30 is a semi-mobile radar consisting of a trailer mounting the control cabin and transmitter equipment, two [[ZiL|Zil]] trucks carrying the power supply equipment and [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]] trailers.<ref name="PVO"/> The antenna system of the P-30 is composed of two open frame truncated [[parabolic antenna]] accomplishing both [[Transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]] and reception. Both antenna are fed by a stacked beam composed of six feed horns.<ref name="Janes">{{Cite web |date=2000-06-08 |title='Big Mesh' GCI radar (Russian Federation), Intelligence systems - Direction-finding |url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-C4I-Systems/Big-Mesh-GCI-radar-Russian-Federation.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531103451/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-C4I-Systems/Big-Mesh-GCI-radar-Russian-Federation.html |archive-date=2012-05-31 |access-date=2009-01-31 |publisher=[[Jane's]]}}</ref> The radar uses two antenna to determine target altitude by the V-beam system with azimuth scanned mechanically. The upper antenna is tilted to an angle of 25 degrees<ref name="Janes" /> from horizontal which results in each target appearing twice on the indicator, the distance between the two allows the targets altitude to be approximately estimated by the operator.<ref name="RB" /> The left hand side of the lower antenna carried the antenna array of the NRS-20 [[Identification friend or foe|IFF]] [[secondary surveillance radar|secondary radar]], which was used to identify detected aircraft as friend or foe.<ref name="RB">{{Cite web |last=Wolff |first=Christian |year=2008 |title=P-30 'Big Mesh' |url=http://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/karte921.en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531111245/https://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/karte921.en.html |archive-date=2009-05-31 |access-date=2009-01-31}}</ref>

==Variants==
* '''P-30-M''' (NATO reporting name '''"Big Bar"''')<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80T00246A031600070001-3.pdf |title=English Translation of Technical Description of Display Equipment of the Soviet P-30-M (BIG BAR) Radar |date=June 1964 |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |publication-date=2013-10-24 |access-date=2023-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/bmd/BMDV2.pdf |title=History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense Volume II |date=2009 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |pages=277-279 |orig-date=1975}}</ref>


== Operators ==
== Operators ==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.aha.ru/~skala/ VNIIRT]
* [http://www.aha.ru/~skala/ VNIIRT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203125610/http://www.aha.ru/~skala/ |date=2009-02-03 }}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{Russian and Soviet military designation sequences}}{{Soviet and Russian radars|state=expanded}}{{DEFAULTSORT:P-30 Radar}}

[[Category:Soviet military radars]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:P-30 Radar}}
[[Category:Russian and Soviet military radars]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1950s]]

Latest revision as of 15:09, 24 October 2024

P-30 radar
CIA illustration of a P-30
Country of origin Soviet Union
Introduced1955
TypeEarly warning
Ground control
FrequencyE band/F band
Range180 km (112 miles)
Altitude12 km (40,000 feet)
Azimuth360 degrees
Power1 MW

The P-30 "Khrustal" (Russian: Хрусталь; English: crystal), also referred to by the NATO reporting name "Big Mesh" in the west, is a 2D E band/F band[1] radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.

Development

[edit]

The P-30 was developed by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Radio Engineering (VNIIRT)[2] as an early warning ground control and interception radar for the Soviet Air Defence Forces, airforce and navy of the Soviet Union. Crystal was a development of an earlier radar design, the P-20 radar with which it shares many similarities. The radar was developed under the direction of chief designer V. Samarin and by 1955 the radar had completed state trials and was accepted into service.[3]

In 1958 the P-30 was upgraded to provide a 10-15% improvement in the detection range as well as improvements to the systems reliability, the modernised variant entered service in 1959 after completion of state trials.[3] The P-30 has now been superseded by its successors, the P-35 and P-37 radar.

Description

[edit]

The P-30 is a semi-mobile radar consisting of a trailer mounting the control cabin and transmitter equipment, two Zil trucks carrying the power supply equipment and antenna trailers.[3] The antenna system of the P-30 is composed of two open frame truncated parabolic antenna accomplishing both transmission and reception. Both antenna are fed by a stacked beam composed of six feed horns.[4] The radar uses two antenna to determine target altitude by the V-beam system with azimuth scanned mechanically. The upper antenna is tilted to an angle of 25 degrees[4] from horizontal which results in each target appearing twice on the indicator, the distance between the two allows the targets altitude to be approximately estimated by the operator.[5] The left hand side of the lower antenna carried the antenna array of the NRS-20 IFF secondary radar, which was used to identify detected aircraft as friend or foe.[5]

Variants

[edit]
  • P-30-M (NATO reporting name "Big Bar")[6][7]

Operators

[edit]

The P-30 was operated by the Soviet Union from 1955 and though they have since become obsolete, they were passed down to successor states after the fall of the Soviet Union. The radar has been exported and continues to serve in some areas around the world.

See also

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Nance W.H (1968). "Quality Elint". Studies in Intelligence. 12 (2 (Spring)): 7–19.
  2. ^ история: 1947-1970 гг. (in Russian). VNIIRT. 15 January 2002. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
  3. ^ a b c РЛС П-30 (in Russian). pvo.guns.ru. 7 August 2000. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
  4. ^ a b "'Big Mesh' GCI radar (Russian Federation), Intelligence systems - Direction-finding". Jane's. 8 June 2000. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
  5. ^ a b Wolff, Christian (2008). "P-30 'Big Mesh'". Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
  6. ^ English Translation of Technical Description of Display Equipment of the Soviet P-30-M (BIG BAR) Radar (PDF) (Report). Central Intelligence Agency (published 24 October 2013). June 1964. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  7. ^ History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense Volume II (PDF). United States Army Center of Military History. 2009 [1975]. pp. 277–279.
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